HSC82 encodes the constitutive cytosolic Hsp90 isoform in S. cerevisiae, an ATP-dependent protein folding chaperone that acts through ATP binding, ATP hydrolysis, and regulated conformational cycling to mature and stabilize selected client proteins. Hsc82 functions as an Hsp90 dimer and engages co-chaperones such as Sti1, Cpr6/Cpr7, Sba1/p23, Aha1, Cdc37, Sse1, and Sgt1. It is cytosolic under core conditions, contributes to elevated-temperature fitness despite being less heat-inducible than HSP82, and supports client pathways including calcineurin, kinase/signaling clients, telomerase, R2TP/snoRNP, and proteasome assembly. Broad terms such as generic nucleotide binding, generic protein-containing complex, and unfolded protein binding are less informative than ATP-focused Hsp90 chaperone terms.
| GO Term | Evidence | Action | Reason |
|---|---|---|---|
|
GO:0006457
protein folding
|
IBA
GO_REF:0000033 |
ACCEPT |
Summary: HSC82/Hsp90 is a well-established protein folding chaperone. IBA annotation is consistent with the known function of this conserved chaperone family across eukaryotes.
Reason: Protein folding is a core biological process for Hsp90. UniProt describes HSC82 as an "ATP-dependent molecular chaperone" that promotes maturation and regulation of client proteins. IMP evidence from PMID:7791797 confirms involvement in protein folding.
Supporting Evidence:
file:yeast/HSC82/HSC82-deep-research-falcon.md
Hsp90/Hsc82 functions as an ATP-dependent folding chaperone for late intermediates/clients, and specific Hsp90 mutants that disrupt client loading/closing/reopening cause client-specific maturation defects and temperature-sensitive growth.
|
|
GO:0016887
ATP hydrolysis activity
|
IBA
GO_REF:0000033 |
ACCEPT |
Summary: HSC82 has well-characterized ATPase activity essential for its chaperone cycle. IBA annotation is correct.
Reason: ATPase activity is fundamental to Hsp90 function. Directly demonstrated by IDA (PMID:18492664). UniProt documents the ATP binding and hydrolysis mechanism.
Supporting Evidence:
file:yeast/HSC82/HSC82-deep-research-falcon.md
N-terminal ATP-binding domain; ATP binding drives lid closure and N-terminal association; Hsc82 shows higher ATPase activity than Hsp82 at 30–37°C
file:yeast/HSC82/HSC82-deep-research-falcon.md
Aha1 and Cpr6 stimulate ATPase activity of both isoforms, while Cdc37, Sba1/p23, and Sti1 inhibit with only minor isoform-specific differences.
|
|
GO:0032991
protein-containing complex
|
IBA
GO_REF:0000033 |
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED |
Summary: HSC82 forms Hsp90 dimers and multiple co-chaperone/client complexes, but the generic protein-containing complex term is not very informative.
Reason: Hsc82 participates in many complexes as an Hsp90 chaperone, but GO:0032991 does not identify the biologically meaningful assembly. The evidence is better represented by Hsp90 dimer/co-chaperone/client complex context together with ATP-dependent protein folding chaperone activity.
Supporting Evidence:
file:yeast/HSC82/HSC82-deep-research-falcon.md
Hsc82 forms many complexes, but specific complexes (homodimer; Sti1/Cpr6/Sba1/Cdc37/Sgt1 complexes) are more biologically useful than a generic complex term
file:yeast/HSC82/HSC82-deep-research-falcon.md
Constitutive C-terminal dimerization is central to Hsp90 architecture; nucleotide binding promotes transient N-terminal dimerization during the cycle
|
|
GO:0005886
plasma membrane
|
IBA
GO_REF:0000033 |
KEEP AS NON CORE |
Summary: IBA annotation for plasma membrane localization. HSC82 is primarily cytoplasmic but plasma membrane association has some HDA support (PMID:16622836).
Reason: HSC82 is primarily cytoplasmic. Plasma membrane localization is supported by HDA from PMID:16622836 (plasma membrane proteome study) but is not a core localization. A minor membrane-associated pool is plausible.
Supporting Evidence:
file:yeast/HSC82/HSC82-deep-research-falcon.md
No direct Hsc82 localization evidence in the retrieved sources
|
|
GO:0005524
ATP binding
|
IBA
GO_REF:0000033 |
ACCEPT |
Summary: HSC82 binds ATP as part of its chaperone cycle. Well-established by crystallography of Hsp90 orthologs.
Reason: ATP binding is essential for Hsp90 function. The N-terminal domain contains the Bergerat ATP-binding fold. UniProt documents the ATP binding site residues.
Supporting Evidence:
file:yeast/HSC82/HSC82-deep-research-falcon.md
N-terminal ATP-binding domain; ATP binding drives lid closure and N-terminal association; Hsc82 shows higher ATPase activity than Hsp82 at 30–37°C
|
|
GO:0005829
cytosol
|
IBA
GO_REF:0000033 |
ACCEPT |
Summary: HSC82 is a cytosolic protein. IBA annotation is correct.
Reason: Consistent with HDA evidence for cytoplasm localization (PMID:14562095). Cytosol is the expected primary localization for Hsp90.
Supporting Evidence:
file:yeast/HSC82/HSC82-deep-research-falcon.md
Hsc82 is described as the constitutive cytosolic Hsp90 isoform; many experimental Hsc82 interactome/purification studies use cytosolic lysates, consistent with CC:cytosol annotations for both isoforms, with expression-level differences for HSC82 vs HSP82.
|
|
GO:0050821
protein stabilization
|
IBA
GO_REF:0000033 |
ACCEPT |
Summary: HSC82 stabilizes client proteins as part of its chaperone function. IBA annotation is appropriate.
Reason: Protein stabilization is a core function of Hsp90. UniProt describes the role of HSC82 in stabilizing calcineurin (CNA2) under salt stress (PMID:11094077).
Supporting Evidence:
file:yeast/HSC82/HSC82-deep-research-falcon.md
Supports stability and activation of diverse clients; proteome analyses and mutant studies show client-specific maturation defects and reduced abundance of client subsets when cycle steps are disrupted
file:yeast/HSC82/HSC82-deep-research-falcon.md
Direct Hsc82 binding to CNB1 and effects on CNA2/CNB1 complex state/activity support calcineurin as an Hsp90 client/regulatory target
|
|
GO:0034605
cellular response to heat
|
IBA
GO_REF:0000033 |
ACCEPT |
Summary: Although HSC82 is the constitutive isoform, it is still involved in heat stress response.
Reason: IMP evidence from PMID:2674684 confirms that both HSP82 and HSC82 are required for growth at elevated temperatures. While HSC82 is constitutively expressed, it still contributes to thermal tolerance.
Supporting Evidence:
file:yeast/HSC82/HSC82-deep-research-falcon.md
Hsc82 mutants show 37°C growth defects, while Hsp82 is more thermally stable/refolds better under stress
file:yeast/HSC82/HSC82-uniprot.txt
for growth at high temperatures.
|
|
GO:0051082
unfolded protein binding
|
IBA
GO_REF:0000033 |
MODIFY |
Summary: GO:0051082 is proposed for obsoletion. HSC82 does interact with unfolded/misfolded client proteins but its mechanism is better captured by GO:0140662 (ATP-dependent protein folding chaperone).
Reason: GO:0051082 is proposed for obsoletion. HSC82 is an ATP-dependent foldase; while it does bind unfolded/non-native proteins as part of its chaperone cycle, the binding is coupled to ATP-driven conformational changes. The more appropriate term is GO:0140662 "ATP-dependent protein folding chaperone" which captures both the binding and the active folding mechanism. IDA evidence from PMID:9465043 demonstrated binding to denatured substrates, but this is part of the broader chaperone activity.
Proposed replacements:
ATP-dependent protein folding chaperone
Supporting Evidence:
file:yeast/HSC82/HSC82-deep-research-falcon.md
Hsp90/Hsc82 is better captured by ATP-dependent chaperone cycle terms; mechanistic descriptions emphasize action on partially folded/late intermediates and cochaperone-regulated cycle steps rather than generic unfolded-substrate binding.
|
|
GO:0048471
perinuclear region of cytoplasm
|
IBA
GO_REF:0000033 |
UNDECIDED |
Summary: IBA perinuclear localization inference. HSC82 is primarily cytosolic, and Falcon did not retrieve direct Hsc82-specific perinuclear localization evidence.
Reason: The annotation may reflect ortholog or context-specific localization, but the accessible HSC82 evidence supports cytosol as the core localization and does not provide direct Hsc82-specific support for perinuclear enrichment. Leave undecided pending direct localization evidence.
Supporting Evidence:
file:yeast/HSC82/HSC82-deep-research-falcon.md
No direct Hsc82 localization evidence in the retrieved sources
|
|
GO:0000166
nucleotide binding
|
IEA
GO_REF:0000043 |
MODIFY |
Summary: IEA annotation from UniProt keyword mapping. True but too broad relative to ATP binding and ATPase-cycle annotations.
Reason: HSC82 binds ATP through the conserved Hsp90 nucleotide-binding domain; generic nucleotide binding is accurate but less informative than ATP binding for this gene product. Replace the broad parent with ATP binding, while keeping ATP hydrolysis activity as the catalytic cycle term.
Proposed replacements:
ATP binding
Supporting Evidence:
file:yeast/HSC82/HSC82-deep-research-falcon.md
True but much less informative than ATP binding/ATPase activity; GO should prefer the specific ATP-related terms
|
|
GO:0000492
box C/D snoRNP assembly
|
IEA
GO_REF:0000117 |
KEEP AS NON CORE |
Summary: ARBA machine learning prediction for snoRNP assembly involvement. Supported by IMP evidence.
Reason: Supported by IMP evidence (PMID:18268103) which showed Hsp90 stabilizes Pih1/Nop17 to maintain R2TP complex activity that regulates snoRNA accumulation. This is a legitimate but secondary function of Hsp90.
Supporting Evidence:
file:yeast/HSC82/HSC82-deep-research-falcon.md
Hsp90 network reviews mention Tah1/Pih1 (R2TP-like) functions, but direct Hsc82-specific experimental support in the retrieved set is weak
|
|
GO:0005524
ATP binding
|
IEA
GO_REF:0000120 |
ACCEPT |
Summary: IEA annotation for ATP binding. Consistent with IBA and experimental evidence.
Reason: Redundant with IBA annotation but correct. ATP binding is a core molecular function of HSC82.
Supporting Evidence:
file:yeast/HSC82/HSC82-deep-research-falcon.md
N-terminal ATP-binding domain; ATP binding drives lid closure and N-terminal association; Hsc82 shows higher ATPase activity than Hsp82 at 30–37°C
|
|
GO:0005737
cytoplasm
|
IEA
GO_REF:0000044 |
ACCEPT |
Summary: IEA annotation for cytoplasm from UniProt subcellular location mapping. Correct.
Reason: Consistent with HDA evidence for cytoplasmic localization (PMID:14562095).
Supporting Evidence:
file:yeast/HSC82/HSC82-deep-research-falcon.md
Hsc82 is described as the constitutive cytosolic Hsp90 isoform; many experimental Hsc82 interactome/purification studies use cytosolic lysates, consistent with CC:cytosol annotations for both isoforms, with expression-level differences for HSC82 vs HSP82.
|
|
GO:0005739
mitochondrion
|
IEA
GO_REF:0000044 |
KEEP AS NON CORE |
Summary: IEA annotation for mitochondrial localization from UniProt. Supported by HDA evidence.
Reason: HSC82 has been detected in mitochondrial proteome studies (PMID:14576278, PMID:16823961). This is likely a minor pool; the primary localization is cytoplasmic. Not a core localization.
Supporting Evidence:
file:yeast/HSC82/HSC82-deep-research-falcon.md
Some literature discusses cytosolic Hsp90/co-chaperones affecting mitochondrial biogenesis or preprotein handling, but that does not establish stable mitochondrial localization of Hsc82
|
|
GO:0006457
protein folding
|
IEA
GO_REF:0000120 |
ACCEPT |
Summary: IEA annotation for protein folding. Redundant with IBA but correct.
Reason: Consistent with IBA and experimental annotations for protein folding involvement.
Supporting Evidence:
file:yeast/HSC82/HSC82-deep-research-falcon.md
Hsp90/Hsc82 functions as an ATP-dependent folding chaperone for late intermediates/clients, and specific Hsp90 mutants that disrupt client loading/closing/reopening cause client-specific maturation defects and temperature-sensitive growth.
|
|
GO:0016887
ATP hydrolysis activity
|
IEA
GO_REF:0000120 |
ACCEPT |
Summary: IEA annotation for ATP hydrolysis activity. Redundant with IBA and IDA but correct.
Reason: Consistent with IBA and IDA (PMID:18492664) annotations for ATPase activity.
Supporting Evidence:
file:yeast/HSC82/HSC82-deep-research-falcon.md
N-terminal ATP-binding domain; ATP binding drives lid closure and N-terminal association; Hsc82 shows higher ATPase activity than Hsp82 at 30–37°C
file:yeast/HSC82/HSC82-deep-research-falcon.md
Aha1 and Cpr6 stimulate ATPase activity of both isoforms, while Cdc37, Sba1/p23, and Sti1 inhibit with only minor isoform-specific differences.
|
|
GO:0043248
proteasome assembly
|
IEA
GO_REF:0000117 |
KEEP AS NON CORE |
Summary: ARBA prediction for proteasome assembly involvement. Supported by IMP evidence.
Reason: Supported by IMP evidence (PMID:12853471). Hsp90 assists in proteasome assembly as one of its client-dependent functions. Not a core function of HSC82 per se.
|
|
GO:0051082
unfolded protein binding
|
IEA
GO_REF:0000120 |
MODIFY |
Summary: IEA annotation for unfolded protein binding. Same issue as IBA annotation - term proposed for obsoletion.
Reason: GO:0051082 is proposed for obsoletion. Should be replaced with GO:0140662 "ATP-dependent protein folding chaperone" which better captures the active chaperone mechanism.
Proposed replacements:
ATP-dependent protein folding chaperone
Supporting Evidence:
file:yeast/HSC82/HSC82-deep-research-falcon.md
Hsp90/Hsc82 is better captured by ATP-dependent chaperone cycle terms; mechanistic descriptions emphasize action on partially folded/late intermediates and cochaperone-regulated cycle steps rather than generic unfolded-substrate binding.
|
|
GO:0140662
ATP-dependent protein folding chaperone
|
IEA
GO_REF:0000002 |
ACCEPT |
Summary: IEA annotation from InterPro for ATP-dependent protein folding chaperone. This is the correct and most informative molecular function term for HSC82.
Reason: GO:0140662 is the ideal molecular function term for HSC82/Hsp90. It captures both the ATP dependence and the protein folding chaperone activity. This should be considered the primary MF annotation for HSC82.
Supporting Evidence:
file:yeast/HSC82/HSC82-deep-research-falcon.md
Hsp90/Hsc82 functions as an ATP-dependent folding chaperone for late intermediates/clients, and specific Hsp90 mutants that disrupt client loading/closing/reopening cause client-specific maturation defects and temperature-sensitive growth.
|
|
GO:0005515
protein binding
|
IPI
PMID:11805826 Functional organization of the yeast proteome by systematic ... |
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED |
Summary: IPI from large-scale protein complex study. Uninformative "protein binding" annotation.
Reason: "Protein binding" is uninformative for a molecular chaperone that by definition binds many proteins. The more informative annotation is GO:0140662 (ATP-dependent protein folding chaperone).
|
|
GO:0005515
protein binding
|
IPI
PMID:11805837 Systematic identification of protein complexes in Saccharomy... |
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED |
Summary: IPI from mass spectrometry study. Uninformative "protein binding" annotation.
Reason: Uninformative "protein binding" for a chaperone.
|
|
GO:0005515
protein binding
|
IPI
PMID:15699485 Analysis of polyubiquitin conjugates reveals that the Rpn10 ... |
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED |
Summary: IPI from polyubiquitin conjugate study.
Reason: Uninformative "protein binding" for a chaperone.
|
|
GO:0005515
protein binding
|
IPI
PMID:15766533 Navigating the chaperone network: an integrative map of phys... |
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED |
Summary: IPI from large-scale chaperone network study (Zhao et al 2005).
Reason: Uninformative "protein binding" for a chaperone.
|
|
GO:0005515
protein binding
|
IPI
PMID:16429126 Proteome survey reveals modularity of the yeast cell machine... |
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED |
Summary: IPI from proteome survey.
Reason: Uninformative "protein binding" for a chaperone.
|
|
GO:0005515
protein binding
|
IPI
PMID:16554755 Global landscape of protein complexes in the yeast Saccharom... |
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED |
Summary: IPI from large-scale protein complex study (Krogan et al 2006).
Reason: Uninformative "protein binding" for a chaperone.
|
|
GO:0005515
protein binding
|
IPI
PMID:18719252 High-quality binary protein interaction map of the yeast int... |
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED |
Summary: IPI from high-quality binary interaction map.
Reason: Uninformative "protein binding" for a chaperone.
|
|
GO:0005515
protein binding
|
IPI
PMID:19536198 An atlas of chaperone-protein interactions in Saccharomyces ... |
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED |
Summary: IPI from atlas of chaperone-protein interactions.
Reason: Uninformative "protein binding" for a chaperone.
|
|
GO:0005515
protein binding
|
IPI
PMID:21734642 Combinatorial depletion analysis to assemble the network arc... |
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED |
Summary: IPI from SAGA/ADA complex study.
Reason: Uninformative "protein binding" for a chaperone.
|
|
GO:0005515
protein binding
|
IPI
PMID:23217712 CDK-dependent Hsp70 Phosphorylation controls G1 cyclin abund... |
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED |
Summary: IPI from CDK-dependent Hsp70 phosphorylation study.
Reason: Uninformative "protein binding" for a chaperone.
|
|
GO:0005515
protein binding
|
IPI
PMID:25073740 Molecular architecture and function of the SEA complex, a mo... |
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED |
Summary: IPI from protein interaction study.
Reason: Uninformative "protein binding" for a chaperone.
|
|
GO:0005515
protein binding
|
IPI
PMID:31454312 The role of structural pleiotropy and regulatory evolution i... |
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED |
Summary: IPI from structural pleiotropy study of Hsp90 paralogs. Documents HSP82-HSC82 heterodimerization.
Reason: While the HSP82-HSC82 heterodimerization is biologically interesting, "protein binding" is uninformative. The heterodimerization could be captured by GO:0042802 (identical protein binding) or a more specific term.
|
|
GO:0005515
protein binding
|
IPI
PMID:37070168 RNA-dependent interactome allows network-based assignment of... |
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED |
Summary: IPI from RNA-dependent interactome study.
Reason: Uninformative "protein binding" for a chaperone.
|
|
GO:0005515
protein binding
|
IPI
PMID:37968396 The social and structural architecture of the yeast protein ... |
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED |
Summary: IPI from yeast protein interactome architecture study.
Reason: Uninformative "protein binding" for a chaperone.
|
|
GO:0005515
protein binding
|
IPI
PMID:9819421 CNS1 encodes an essential p60/Sti1 homolog in Saccharomyces ... |
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED |
Summary: IPI from Cns1/Hsp90 interaction study.
Reason: Uninformative "protein binding" for a chaperone.
|
|
GO:0070482
response to oxygen levels
|
NAS
PMID:9632766 Molecular mechanism governing heme signaling in yeast: a hig... |
KEEP AS NON CORE |
Summary: NAS annotation based on HSC82 involvement in HAP1-mediated heme signaling.
Reason: HSC82 (like HSP82) forms a complex with HAP1, a transcriptional activator regulated by heme (proxy for oxygen). This is a client-dependent function. The NAS evidence is weak but the underlying biology is plausible.
Supporting Evidence:
file:yeast/HSC82/HSC82-deep-research-falcon.md
Hsc82 contributes to heat/elevated-temperature fitness and some stress-linked client pathways, but very broad stress-response annotations risk conflating constitutive Hsc82 with inducible Hsp82
|
|
GO:0005737
cytoplasm
|
HDA
PMID:14562095 Global analysis of protein localization in budding yeast. |
ACCEPT |
Summary: High-throughput GFP localization data confirming cytoplasm.
Reason: Global protein localization study. Core localization of HSC82.
Supporting Evidence:
file:yeast/HSC82/HSC82-deep-research-falcon.md
Hsc82 is described as the constitutive cytosolic Hsp90 isoform; many experimental Hsc82 interactome/purification studies use cytosolic lysates, consistent with CC:cytosol annotations for both isoforms, with expression-level differences for HSC82 vs HSP82.
|
|
GO:0005739
mitochondrion
|
HDA
PMID:14576278 The proteome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitochondria. |
KEEP AS NON CORE |
Summary: HDA for mitochondrial localization from mitochondrial proteome study.
Reason: HSC82 was detected in the yeast mitochondrial proteome, suggesting a minor mitochondrial pool. Not a primary localization.
Supporting Evidence:
file:yeast/HSC82/HSC82-deep-research-falcon.md
Some literature discusses cytosolic Hsp90/co-chaperones affecting mitochondrial biogenesis or preprotein handling, but that does not establish stable mitochondrial localization of Hsc82
|
|
GO:0005739
mitochondrion
|
HDA
PMID:16823961 Toward the complete yeast mitochondrial proteome: multidimen... |
KEEP AS NON CORE |
Summary: Additional HDA for mitochondrial localization from mitochondrial proteomics.
Reason: Consistent with PMID:14576278 for a minor mitochondrial pool. Not a core localization.
Supporting Evidence:
file:yeast/HSC82/HSC82-deep-research-falcon.md
Some literature discusses cytosolic Hsp90/co-chaperones affecting mitochondrial biogenesis or preprotein handling, but that does not establish stable mitochondrial localization of Hsc82
|
|
GO:0005886
plasma membrane
|
HDA
PMID:16622836 The plasma membrane proteome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and... |
KEEP AS NON CORE |
Summary: HDA for plasma membrane localization from plasma membrane proteomics study.
Reason: HSC82 was detected in the plasma membrane proteome, suggesting a minor membrane-associated pool. Not a primary localization.
Supporting Evidence:
file:yeast/HSC82/HSC82-deep-research-falcon.md
No direct Hsc82 localization evidence in the retrieved sources
|
|
GO:0034605
cellular response to heat
|
IMP
PMID:2674684 hsp82 is an essential protein that is required in higher con... |
ACCEPT |
Summary: IMP evidence showing that Hsp90 is essential for growth at elevated temperatures.
Reason: Study demonstrated that both HSP82 and HSC82 are required for growth at high temperatures. HSC82 is constitutively expressed but still contributes to heat stress tolerance.
Supporting Evidence:
file:yeast/HSC82/HSC82-deep-research-falcon.md
Hsc82 mutants show 37°C growth defects, while Hsp82 is more thermally stable/refolds better under stress
file:yeast/HSC82/HSC82-uniprot.txt
for growth at high temperatures.
|
|
GO:0000492
box C/D snoRNP assembly
|
IMP
PMID:18268103 Molecular chaperone Hsp90 stabilizes Pih1/Nop17 to maintain ... |
KEEP AS NON CORE |
Summary: IMP evidence showing Hsp90 stabilizes Pih1/Nop17 to maintain R2TP complex for snoRNP assembly.
Reason: Hsp90 acts on the R2TP pathway components (Pih1, Tah1) that are required for snoRNP assembly. Client-dependent function, not core.
Supporting Evidence:
file:yeast/HSC82/HSC82-deep-research-falcon.md
Hsp90 network reviews mention Tah1/Pih1 (R2TP-like) functions, but direct Hsc82-specific experimental support in the retrieved set is weak
|
|
GO:0000723
telomere maintenance
|
IMP
PMID:17954556 The hsp90 molecular chaperone modulates multiple telomerase ... |
KEEP AS NON CORE |
Summary: IMP evidence showing Hsp90 modulates telomerase activities.
Reason: Hsp90 chaperones telomerase components. This is a client-dependent function, not a core function of HSC82 itself.
|
|
GO:0006457
protein folding
|
IMP
PMID:7791797 Mutational analysis of Hsp90 function: interactions with a s... |
ACCEPT |
Summary: IMP evidence for protein folding from early characterization study.
Reason: Core biological process for HSC82/Hsp90. Directly demonstrates the role in protein folding.
Supporting Evidence:
file:yeast/HSC82/HSC82-deep-research-falcon.md
Hsp90/Hsc82 functions as an ATP-dependent folding chaperone for late intermediates/clients, and specific Hsp90 mutants that disrupt client loading/closing/reopening cause client-specific maturation defects and temperature-sensitive growth.
|
|
GO:0016887
ATP hydrolysis activity
|
IDA
PMID:18492664 Intra- and intermonomer interactions are required to synergi... |
ACCEPT |
Summary: Direct assay evidence for ATPase activity of HSC82. Intra- and intermonomer interactions are required for ATP hydrolysis.
Reason: Core molecular function. Direct biochemical measurement of ATPase activity showing that both intra- and intermonomer interactions synergistically facilitate ATP hydrolysis.
Supporting Evidence:
file:yeast/HSC82/HSC82-deep-research-falcon.md
N-terminal ATP-binding domain; ATP binding drives lid closure and N-terminal association; Hsc82 shows higher ATPase activity than Hsp82 at 30–37°C
file:yeast/HSC82/HSC82-deep-research-falcon.md
Aha1 and Cpr6 stimulate ATPase activity of both isoforms, while Cdc37, Sba1/p23, and Sti1 inhibit with only minor isoform-specific differences.
|
|
GO:0043248
proteasome assembly
|
IMP
PMID:12853471 The molecular chaperone Hsp90 plays a role in the assembly a... |
KEEP AS NON CORE |
Summary: IMP evidence for proteasome assembly involvement.
Reason: HSC82 assists in proteasome assembly as a client-dependent function. Secondary to core chaperone activity.
|
|
GO:0051082
unfolded protein binding
|
IDA
PMID:9465043 Two chaperone sites in Hsp90 differing in substrate specific... |
MODIFY |
Summary: IDA evidence for unfolded protein binding. Term proposed for obsoletion.
Reason: While the experimental evidence is solid (HSC82 does bind unfolded proteins), GO:0051082 is proposed for obsoletion. The binding of unfolded proteins is part of the ATP-dependent chaperone mechanism, better captured by GO:0140662 "ATP-dependent protein folding chaperone."
Proposed replacements:
ATP-dependent protein folding chaperone
Supporting Evidence:
file:yeast/HSC82/HSC82-deep-research-falcon.md
Hsp90/Hsc82 is better captured by ATP-dependent chaperone cycle terms; mechanistic descriptions emphasize action on partially folded/late intermediates and cochaperone-regulated cycle steps rather than generic unfolded-substrate binding.
|
Q: Under non-stress conditions, which Hsp90 clients are predominantly chaperoned by the constitutive HSC82 isoform versus the inducible HSP82, and how does the relative paralog abundance shape clientele selection?
Q: What is the functional significance of HSP82-HSC82 heterodimer formation, and is heterodimerization required for engagement of specific clients or co-chaperones?
Q: Do mitochondrial and plasma-membrane-associated HSC82 pools have specialized functions (e.g., mitochondrial protein import support, membrane raft proteostasis), or do they reflect non-functional spillover?
Experiment: Quantitatively profile co-chaperone occupancy and client maturation efficiency in single (hsc82Δ, hsp82Δ) and double-paralog deletion/over-expression strains by AP-MS and Western to deconvolve constitutive vs inducible chaperone contributions.
Experiment: Reconstitute HSP82-HSC82 heterodimers in vitro with purified proteins and a panel of co-chaperones (Sti1, Aha1, Sba1, Cdc37) and measure ATPase rates plus client (e.g., glucocorticoid receptor) activation efficiency relative to the homodimers.
Experiment: Perform proximity-labeling proteomics (TurboID) of HSC82 in mitochondrial and plasma-membrane subfractions versus cytosol to test whether minor pools have distinctive interactomes.
Question: You are an expert researcher providing comprehensive, well-cited information.
Provide detailed information focusing on:
1. Key concepts and definitions with current understanding
2. Recent developments and latest research (prioritize 2023-2024 sources)
3. Current applications and real-world implementations
4. Expert opinions and analysis from authoritative sources
5. Relevant statistics and data from recent studies
Format as a comprehensive research report with proper citations. Include URLs and publication dates where available.
Always prioritize recent, authoritative sources and provide specific citations for all major claims.
GO annotation research for Saccharomyces cerevisiae HSC82 (UniProt P15108), the constitutive Hsp90 isoform. Focus on GO evidence for core functions: ATP-dependent protein folding chaperone activity, ATP binding and ATP hydrolysis linked to the Hsp90 conformational cycle, Hsp90 homodimer/heterodimer and co-chaperone/client complexes, cytosolic localization, protein folding, protein stabilization, heat stress/elevated-temperature growth, and client maturation/regulation including calcineurin/CNA2 and signaling/cell-cycle clients. Evaluate non-core or questionable annotations: plasma membrane, perinuclear region, mitochondrion, generic protein-containing complex, generic nucleotide binding, unfolded protein binding versus ATP-dependent protein folding chaperone, box C/D snoRNP assembly/R2TP, kinetochore assembly/SGT1, and broad stress-response terms. Distinguish HSC82 from inducible HSP82 where relevant. Include PMID/DOI citations and keep under 1200 words.
HSC82 encodes the constitutive cytosolic Hsp90 isoform (Hsc82), whereas HSP82 encodes a strongly heat‑inducible isoform (Hsp82); both are ~97% identical but differ measurably in ATPase/conformational properties and stress robustness. (Girstmair et al., 2019‑08, Nat Commun, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-11518-w) (girstmair2019thehsp90isoforms pages 1-2)
Gene Ontology (GO) annotations are evidence-backed statements linking a gene product to a specific molecular function (MF), biological process (BP), or cellular component (CC); complete functional descriptions require multiple GO annotations, and annotations are updated as ontology terms/gene sets/guidelines change. (Aleksander et al., 2025‑12, NAR “GO knowledgebase in 2026”, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkaf1292) (g2026thegeneontology pages 1-2)
SGD is a primary yeast annotation source and (i) manually curates yeast literature and pathways, and (ii) exports curated pathway knowledge through Noctua/GO‑CAM workflows to generate GO annotations. (Engel et al., posted 2024‑09‑20; bioRxiv 2025 listing; https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.16.613348) (engel2025saccharomycesgenomedatabase pages 5-7)
ATP binding and ATPase-driven conformational cycle (MF). Yeast Hsp90 undergoes nucleotide-dependent conformational changes: ATP binding drives lid closure and N‑terminal association (“molecular clamp”) and ATP hydrolysis is coupled to cycle progression; cochaperones tune these steps. (Johnson et al., 2007‑01, Mol Cell Biol, https://doi.org/10.1128/mcb.01034-06) (johnson2007nucleotidedependentinteractionof pages 1-2). Isoform comparison shows Hsc82 ATPase activity is higher than Hsp82 (~1.3× at 30 °C; ~1.6× at 37 °C), with only slight ATP-binding affinity differences. (Girstmair et al., 2019‑08) (girstmair2019thehsp90isoforms pages 2-4, girstmair2019thehsp90isoforms media 03f98d7e)
ATP-dependent protein folding chaperone activity and client maturation (MF/BP). Hsp90/Hsc82 functions as an ATP-dependent folding chaperone for late intermediates/clients, and specific Hsp90 mutants that disrupt client loading/closing/reopening cause client-specific maturation defects and temperature-sensitive growth. (Hohrman et al., 2021‑01, Genetics, https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/iyab009) (hohrman2021disruptingprogressionof pages 1-2); (Mercier et al., 2023‑05, PLOS Genet, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1010772) (mercier2023hsp90mutantswith pages 2-4). Single-molecule refolding assays indicate Hsc82 supports client refolding (reported as ~14% full refolding events) but less efficiently than Hsp82, consistent with Hsp82’s stress-optimized role. (Girstmair et al., 2019‑08) (girstmair2019thehsp90isoforms pages 2-4)
Hsp90 homodimer and cochaperone/client complexes (CC). Mechanistically, Hsp90 is a homodimer (C‑terminal dimerization) and forms nucleotide-state-specific cochaperone complexes: Sba1 (p23) and Cpr6 preferentially bind the ATP-closed state; Sti1 binds in a nucleotide-independent, loading-competent state and inhibits ATPase/N‑terminal dimerization. (Johnson et al., 2007‑01) (johnson2007nucleotidedependentinteractionof pages 1-2). In isoform comparisons, Aha1 and Cpr6 stimulate ATPase activity of both isoforms, while Cdc37, Sba1/p23, and Sti1 inhibit with only minor isoform-specific differences. (Girstmair et al., 2019‑08) (girstmair2019thehsp90isoforms pages 2-4, girstmair2019thehsp90isoforms media 03f98d7e)
Cytosolic localization (CC). Hsc82 is described as the constitutive cytosolic Hsp90 isoform; many experimental Hsc82 interactome/purification studies use cytosolic lysates, consistent with CC:cytosol annotations for both isoforms, with expression-level differences for HSC82 vs HSP82. (Hohrman et al., 2021‑01) (hohrman2021disruptingprogressionof pages 1-2); (Girstmair et al., 2019‑08) (girstmair2019thehsp90isoforms pages 1-2)
Heat/elevated-temperature growth (BP; phenotype-linked). Hsp90 mutant collections include alleles (including in Hsc82 backgrounds) with growth at 30 °C but not 37 °C, supporting a role in elevated-temperature fitness. (Hohrman et al., 2021‑01) (hohrman2021disruptingprogressionof pages 1-2). Isoform tuning supports that Hsp82 is more thermally stable/refolds better under stress, whereas Hsc82 is more processive and favors closed states—important for interpreting which “heat response” GO terms should map to HSC82 vs HSP82. (Girstmair et al., 2019‑08) (girstmair2019thehsp90isoforms pages 1-2)
Client maturation/regulation: calcineurin (Cna2/Cnb1) (BP/MF: client chaperoning). Recent in vitro work shows direct physical association of Hsc82 with calcineurin components: surface plasmon resonance and crosslinking detect binding between Hsc82 and CNB1 (regulatory subunit). (Heim, 2024) (heim2024characterizationandchaperone pages 99-100). Functional assays show Hsc82 can modulate calcineurin activity in a temperature- and CaM-dependent manner; under heat-stress assay conditions (42 °C), Hsc82 with Ydj1/Ssa1/Sti1 increases calcineurin activity, and preincubation of CNB1 with Hsc82 enhances activity, consistent with chaperone-facilitated subunit assembly under stress. (Heim, 2024) (heim2024characterizationandchaperone pages 104-106). Reviews of Hsp90–calcineurin in fungi summarize physical interaction and that Hsp90 inhibition blocks calcineurin activation, supporting calcineurin as an Hsp90 client (but often without isoform separation in older work). (Singh, 2012) (singh2012therolesof pages 67-72)
Signaling/cell-cycle clients (BP). Hsp90 client maturation defects are shown for diverse regulatory clients (e.g., v‑Src and other regulatory proteins assayed across distinct Hsp90 cycle mutants), and kinase client handling is mechanistically supported by Cdc37-dependent loading steps. (Hohrman et al., 2021‑01) (hohrman2021disruptingprogressionof pages 1-2); (Mercier et al., 2023‑05) (mercier2023hsp90mutantswith pages 2-4)
Cycle-step-resolved client specificity. 2023 genetics/biochemistry dissected Hsp90 cycle mutants into “loading/closing/reopening” classes with distinct cochaperone dependencies and client phenotypes, refining which mechanistic subfunctions are captured by GO terms that reference ATPase-cycle steps or cochaperone complexes. (Mercier et al., 2023‑05) (mercier2023hsp90mutantswith pages 2-4)
Calcineurin–Hsc82 biochemistry. 2024 work provides direct Hsc82 binding to CNB1 and stress-dependent modulation of calcineurin activity/assembly, strengthening a yeast-isoform-specific evidence base (Hsc82 explicitly tested) for calcineurin-client related GO annotations. (Heim, 2024) (heim2024characterizationandchaperone pages 99-100, heim2024characterizationandchaperone pages 104-106)
The Hsp90/Hsc82 cycle is routinely exploited in yeast genetics and chemical biology as a tunable proteostasis node: Hsp90 inhibitors or cycle mutants are used to perturb client maturation and to map which cellular pathways (e.g., calcineurin-mediated stress circuits) depend on chaperoning. This is a practical basis for using yeast HSC82 alleles as tools to interrogate signaling and stress physiology. (Hohrman et al., 2021‑01) (hohrman2021disruptingprogressionof pages 1-2); (Singh, 2012) (singh2012therolesof pages 67-72)
| GO aspect | Proposed GO term label | Core/questionable | Evidence type | Isoform specificity | Key mechanistic note | Citations |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MF | ATP binding / Hsp90 ATPase activity | Core | biochemical, structural | Hsc82 (compared with Hsp82) | N-terminal ATP-binding domain; ATP binding drives lid closure and N-terminal association; Hsc82 shows higher ATPase activity than Hsp82 at 30–37°C | (johnson2007nucleotidedependentinteractionof pages 1-2, girstmair2019thehsp90isoforms pages 1-2, girstmair2019thehsp90isoforms pages 2-4, girstmair2019thehsp90isoforms media 03f98d7e) |
| MF | ATP hydrolysis linked to Hsp90 conformational cycle | Core | biochemical, genetic | Hsc82 and both isoforms | Closed/open transitions and reopening steps mapped with Hsc82 mutants; cochaperones tune cycle timing; ATP exchange may suffice for essential in vivo function but hydrolysis remains a regulatory control point | (mercier2023hsp90mutantswith pages 2-4, johnson2007nucleotidedependentinteractionof pages 1-2) |
| MF | ATP-dependent protein folding chaperone activity | Core | biochemical, genetic, review | Hsc82 and both isoforms | Hsp90 acts in an ATP-dependent folding pathway on late folding intermediates/clients; optical-trap assays show Hsc82 supports refolding, though less efficiently than stress-inducible Hsp82 | (hohrman2021disruptingprogressionof pages 1-2, girstmair2019thehsp90isoforms pages 1-2, girstmair2019thehsp90isoforms pages 2-4) |
| BP | Protein folding / protein stabilization / client maturation | Core | genetic, biochemical, review | Hsc82 and both isoforms | Supports stability and activation of diverse clients; proteome analyses and mutant studies show client-specific maturation defects and reduced abundance of client subsets when cycle steps are disrupted | (hohrman2021disruptingprogressionof pages 1-2, mercier2023hsp90mutantswith pages 2-4, verghese2012biologyofthe pages 13-13) |
| CC | Hsp90 homodimer | Core | structural, biochemical | Hsc82 and both isoforms | Constitutive C-terminal dimerization is central to Hsp90 architecture; nucleotide binding promotes transient N-terminal dimerization during the cycle | (dodt2020characterizationofthe pages 24-27, johnson2007nucleotidedependentinteractionof pages 1-2, girstmair2019thehsp90isoforms pages 1-2) |
| CC | Hsp90–Sti1 co-chaperone complex | Core | biochemical, genetic | Hsc82 and both isoforms | Sti1 binds Hsp90 in a nucleotide-independent/client-loading state, inhibits ATPase, and helps transfer clients from Hsp70 to Hsp90 | (hohrman2021disruptingprogressionof pages 1-2, johnson2007nucleotidedependentinteractionof pages 1-2) |
| CC | Hsp90–Sba1/p23 closed-state complex | Core | biochemical | Hsc82 and both isoforms | Sba1 preferentially binds ATP-closed Hsp90 and stabilizes the closed conformation | (mercier2023hsp90mutantswith pages 2-4, johnson2007nucleotidedependentinteractionof pages 1-2, girstmair2019thehsp90isoforms pages 2-4, girstmair2019thehsp90isoforms media 03f98d7e) |
| CC | Hsp90–Cpr6/Cpr7 complex | Core | biochemical, genetic, review | Hsc82 and both isoforms | Cpr6/Cpr7 are TPR immunophilin co-chaperones; Cpr6 stimulates ATPase and favors closed-state progression; Cpr7 has stronger in vivo phenotypic impact | (mercier2023hsp90mutantswith pages 2-4, dodt2020characterizationofthe pages 24-27, johnson2007nucleotidedependentinteractionof pages 1-2, girstmair2019thehsp90isoforms media 03f98d7e) |
| CC | Hsp90–Cdc37 kinase-loading complex | Core | genetic, review | Both / not Hsc82-specific | Cdc37 recruits kinase clients and interfaces with Hsp90 N/M domains; supports signaling and cell-cycle client maturation | (hohrman2021disruptingprogressionof pages 1-2, dodt2020characterizationofthe pages 24-27, verghese2012biologyofthe pages 13-13) |
| CC | Hsp90–Sgt1 complex | Supported but narrower than generic complex | biochemical, genetic, review | Hsc82 emphasized in yeast | Sgt1 is an essential co-chaperone/adaptor; binds Hsc82 and participates in maturation of selected clients and kinetochore-related assemblies | (dodt2020characterizationofthe pages 24-27, verghese2012biologyofthe pages 13-13) |
| CC | Cytosol / cytoplasmic localization | Core | review, experimental context | Hsc82 vs Hsp82 both cytosolic; Hsc82 constitutive | Yeast Hsc82 is the constitutive cytosolic Hsp90 isoform; many assays isolate Hsc82 complexes from cytosolic lysates | (hohrman2021disruptingprogressionof pages 1-2, dodt2020characterizationofthe pages 24-27, girstmair2019thehsp90isoforms pages 1-2) |
| BP | Response to heat / elevated-temperature growth | Core but should be phenotype-linked, not overbroad | genetic, biochemical | Hsc82 vs Hsp82 distinguished | Hsc82 is constitutive, Hsp82 heat-inducible; Hsc82 mutants show 37°C growth defects, while Hsp82 is more thermally stable/refolds better under stress | (hohrman2021disruptingprogressionof pages 1-2, girstmair2019thehsp90isoforms pages 1-2, girstmair2019thehsp90isoforms pages 2-4) |
| BP | Calcineurin/Cna2/Cnb1 maturation or regulation | Core client-related | biochemical, review | Hsc82 supported; often not separated from total Hsp90 in older literature | Direct Hsc82 binding to CNB1 and effects on CNA2/CNB1 complex state/activity support calcineurin as an Hsp90 client/regulatory target | (heim2024characterizationandchaperone pages 99-100, heim2024characterizationandchaperone pages 104-106, singh2012therolesof pages 67-72) |
| BP | Signaling/cell-cycle client maturation | Core | genetic, biochemical, review | Both / often not isoform-specific | Strong support from kinase and regulatory clients such as v-Src, Ssl2, Utp21 and kinase-loading via Cdc37; justified as client maturation rather than broad pathway control | (hohrman2021disruptingprogressionof pages 1-2, mercier2023hsp90mutantswith pages 2-4, verghese2012biologyofthe pages 13-13) |
| CC | Mitochondrion | Questionable/non-core for Hsc82 itself | review only / indirect | Not Hsc82-specific | Some literature discusses cytosolic Hsp90/co-chaperones affecting mitochondrial biogenesis or preprotein handling, but that does not establish stable mitochondrial localization of Hsc82 | (rizzolo2014theinteractionnetwork pages 1-4) |
| CC | Plasma membrane | Questionable | lacking direct support | None | No direct Hsc82 localization evidence in the retrieved sources | (hohrman2021disruptingprogressionof pages 1-2, girstmair2019thehsp90isoforms pages 1-2) |
| CC | Perinuclear region | Questionable | lacking direct support | None | No direct support in retrieved Hsc82 literature | (hohrman2021disruptingprogressionof pages 1-2, girstmair2019thehsp90isoforms pages 1-2) |
| MF | Unfolded protein binding | Questionable / likely too generic | review, mechanistic inference | Both | Hsp90 generally acts on partially folded, late-stage intermediates or near-native clients rather than canonical unfolded substrates; ATP-dependent chaperone term is more precise | (rizzolo2014theinteractionnetwork pages 1-4, girstmair2019thehsp90isoforms pages 1-2) |
| MF | Generic nucleotide binding | Non-core, overly broad | biochemical | Hsc82 | True but much less informative than ATP binding/ATPase activity; GO should prefer the specific ATP-related terms | (johnson2007nucleotidedependentinteractionof pages 1-2, girstmair2019thehsp90isoforms pages 2-4) |
| CC | Generic protein-containing complex | Non-core, overly broad | biochemical, review | Both | Hsc82 forms many complexes, but specific complexes (homodimer; Sti1/Cpr6/Sba1/Cdc37/Sgt1 complexes) are more biologically useful than a generic complex term | (dodt2020characterizationofthe pages 24-27, johnson2007nucleotidedependentinteractionof pages 1-2, verghese2012biologyofthe pages 13-13) |
| BP | Box C/D snoRNP assembly / R2TP | Questionable for Hsc82-specific annotation | review only / indirect | Both, not Hsc82-specific | Hsp90 network reviews mention Tah1/Pih1 (R2TP-like) functions, but direct Hsc82-specific experimental support in the retrieved set is weak | (rizzolo2014theinteractionnetwork pages 1-4) |
| BP | Kinetochore assembly via Sgt1 | Supported but should be qualified | biochemical, genetic | Hsc82 implicated, likely not isoform-exclusive | Yeast studies support Hsc82–Sgt1 involvement in assembly of core kinetochore complexes; suitable only if annotation is tied to specific evidence and not generalized to all Hsp90 functions | (verghese2012biologyofthe pages 13-13) |
| BP | Broad stress-response terms | Questionable if unspecific | genetic, review | Hsc82 vs Hsp82 must be separated | Hsc82 contributes to heat/elevated-temperature fitness and some stress-linked client pathways, but very broad stress-response annotations risk conflating constitutive Hsc82 with inducible Hsp82 | (verghese2012biologyofthe pages 13-13, girstmair2019thehsp90isoforms pages 1-2, girstmair2019thehsp90isoforms pages 2-4) |
Table: This table summarizes GO-relevant assertions for Saccharomyces cerevisiae HSC82/Hsc82, separating well-supported core annotations from broader or weaker terms. It is useful for deciding which GO labels are mechanistically justified for the constitutive Hsp90 isoform and which should be treated cautiously.
References
(girstmair2019thehsp90isoforms pages 1-2): Hannah Girstmair, Franziska Tippel, Abraham Lopez, Katarzyna Tych, Frank Stein, Per Haberkant, Philipp Werner Norbert Schmid, Dominic Helm, Matthias Rief, Michael Sattler, and Johannes Buchner. The hsp90 isoforms from s. cerevisiae differ in structure, function and client range. Nature Communications, Aug 2019. URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-11518-w, doi:10.1038/s41467-019-11518-w. This article has 82 citations and is from a highest quality peer-reviewed journal.
(g2026thegeneontology pages 1-2): Suzi A Aleksander, James P Balhoff, Seth Carbon, J Michael Cherry, Dustin Ebert, Marc Feuermann, Pascale Gaudet, Nomi L Harris, David P Hill, Patrick Kalita, Raymond Lee, Huaiyu Mi, Sierra Moxon, Christopher J Mungall, Anushya Muruganujan, Tremayne Mushayahama, Paul W Sternberg, Paul D Thomas, Kimberly Van Auken, Edith D Wong, Valerie Wood, Jolene Ramsey, Deborah A Siegele, Rex L Chisholm, Robert Dodson, Petra Fey, Maria Cristina Aspromonte, Maria Victoria Nugnes, Ximena Aixa Castro Naser, Silvio C E Tosatto, Michelle Giglio, Suvarna Nadendla, Giulia Antonazzo, Helen Attrill, Nicholas H Brown, Gil dos Santos, Steven Marygold, Katja Röper, Victor Strelets, Christopher J Tabone, Jim Thurmond, Pinglei Zhou, Rossana Zaru, Ruth C Lovering, Colin Logie, Daqing Chen, Alexandra Naba, Karen Christie, Lori Corbani, Li Ni, Dmitry Sitnikov, Cynthia Smith, James Seager, Laurel Cooper, Justin Elser, Pankaj Jaiswal, Parul Gupta, Sushma Naithani, Pascal Carme, Kim Rutherford, Jeffrey L De Pons, Melinda R Dwinell, G Thomas Hayman, Mary L Kaldunski, Anne E Kwitek, Stanley J F Laulederkind, Marek A Tutaj, Mahima Vedi, Shur-Jen Wang, Peter D’Eustachio, Lucila Aimo, Kristian Axelsen, Alan Bridge, Nevila Hyka-Nouspikel, Anne Morgat, Gene Goldbold, Stacia R Engel, Stuart R Miyasato, Robert S Nash, Gavin Sherlock, Shuai Weng, Erika Bakker, Tanya Z Berardini, Leonore Reiser, Andrea Auchincloss, Ghislaine Argoud-Puy, Marie-Claude Blatter, Emmanuel Boutet, Lionel Breuza, Cristina Casals-Casas, Elisabeth Coudert, Anne Estreicher, Maria Livia Famiglietti, Arnaud Gos, Nadine Gruaz-Gumowski, Chantal Hulo, Florence Jungo, Philippe Le Mercier, Damien Lieberherr, Patrick Masson, Ivo Pedruzzi, Lucille Pourcel, Sylvain Poux, Catherine Rivoire, Shyamala Sundaram, Alex Bateman, Aduragbemi Adesina, Emily Bowler-Barnett, David Carpentier, Paul Denny, Alexandr Ignatchenko, Rizwan Ishtiaq, Antonia Lock, Yvonne Lussi, Michele Magrane, Maria J Martin, Sandra Orchard, Pedro Raposo, Elena Speretta, Nidhi Tyagi, Nadya Urakova, Kate Warner, Conny Wing-Hen Yu, Juancarlos Chan, Stavros Diamantakis, Mark Quinton-Tulloch, Daniela Raciti, Malcolm Fisher, Christina James-Zorn, Virgilio Ponferrada, Aaron Zorn, Doug Howe, Sridhar Ramachandran, Leyla Ruzicka, and Monte Westerfield. The gene ontology knowledgebase in 2026. Nucleic Acids Research, 54(D1):D1779-D1792, Dec 2025. URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkaf1292, doi:10.1093/nar/gkaf1292. This article has 63 citations and is from a highest quality peer-reviewed journal.
(engel2025saccharomycesgenomedatabase pages 5-7): Stacia R. Engel, Suzi Aleksander, Robert S. Nash, Edith D. Wong, Shuai Weng, Stuart R. Miyasato, Gavin Sherlock, and J. Michael Cherry. Saccharomyces genome database: advances in genome annotation, expanded biochemical pathways, and other key enhancements. bioRxiv, Sep 2025. URL: https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.16.613348, doi:10.1101/2024.09.16.613348. This article has 82 citations.
(johnson2007nucleotidedependentinteractionof pages 1-2): Jill L. Johnson, Agnieszka Halas, and Gary Flom. Nucleotide-dependent interaction of saccharomyces cerevisiae hsp90 with the cochaperone proteins sti1, cpr6, and sba1. Molecular and Cellular Biology, 27:768-776, Jan 2007. URL: https://doi.org/10.1128/mcb.01034-06, doi:10.1128/mcb.01034-06. This article has 87 citations and is from a domain leading peer-reviewed journal.
(girstmair2019thehsp90isoforms pages 2-4): Hannah Girstmair, Franziska Tippel, Abraham Lopez, Katarzyna Tych, Frank Stein, Per Haberkant, Philipp Werner Norbert Schmid, Dominic Helm, Matthias Rief, Michael Sattler, and Johannes Buchner. The hsp90 isoforms from s. cerevisiae differ in structure, function and client range. Nature Communications, Aug 2019. URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-11518-w, doi:10.1038/s41467-019-11518-w. This article has 82 citations and is from a highest quality peer-reviewed journal.
(girstmair2019thehsp90isoforms media 03f98d7e): Hannah Girstmair, Franziska Tippel, Abraham Lopez, Katarzyna Tych, Frank Stein, Per Haberkant, Philipp Werner Norbert Schmid, Dominic Helm, Matthias Rief, Michael Sattler, and Johannes Buchner. The hsp90 isoforms from s. cerevisiae differ in structure, function and client range. Nature Communications, Aug 2019. URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-11518-w, doi:10.1038/s41467-019-11518-w. This article has 82 citations and is from a highest quality peer-reviewed journal.
(hohrman2021disruptingprogressionof pages 1-2): Kaitlyn Hohrman, Davi Gonçalves, Kevin A Morano, and Jill L Johnson. Disrupting progression of the yeast hsp90 folding pathway at different transition points results in client-specific maturation defects. Genetics, Jan 2021. URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/iyab009, doi:10.1093/genetics/iyab009. This article has 13 citations and is from a domain leading peer-reviewed journal.
(mercier2023hsp90mutantswith pages 2-4): Rebecca Mercier, Danielle Yama, Paul LaPointe, and Jill L. Johnson. Hsp90 mutants with distinct defects provide novel insights into cochaperone regulation of the folding cycle. PLOS Genetics, 19:e1010772, May 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1010772, doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1010772. This article has 13 citations and is from a domain leading peer-reviewed journal.
(heim2024characterizationandchaperone pages 99-100): B Heim. Characterization and chaperone interactions of calcineurin from s. cerevisiae. Unknown journal, 2024.
(heim2024characterizationandchaperone pages 104-106): B Heim. Characterization and chaperone interactions of calcineurin from s. cerevisiae. Unknown journal, 2024.
(singh2012therolesof pages 67-72): SD Singh. The roles of hsp90 and calcineurin in antifungal drug resistance. Unknown journal, 2012.
(rizzolo2014theinteractionnetwork pages 1-4): Kamran Rizzolo, Philip Wong, Elisabeth R. M. Tillier, and Walid A. Houry. The interaction network of the hsp90 molecular chaperone. ArXiv, pages 111-131, Jan 2014. URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1130-1_5, doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-1130-1_5. This article has 5 citations.
(verghese2012biologyofthe pages 13-13): Jacob Verghese, Jennifer Abrams, Yanyu Wang, and Kevin A. Morano. Biology of the heat shock response and protein chaperones: budding yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae) as a model system. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, 76:115-158, Jun 2012. URL: https://doi.org/10.1128/mmbr.05018-11, doi:10.1128/mmbr.05018-11. This article has 767 citations and is from a domain leading peer-reviewed journal.
(dodt2020characterizationofthe pages 24-27): CM Dodt. Characterization of the essential hsp90 co-chaperone sgt1 in s. cerevisiae. Unknown journal, 2020.
Falcon supports HSC82 as the constitutive cytosolic Hsp90 isoform, distinct from the more heat-inducible HSP82 paralog [file:yeast/HSC82/HSC82-deep-research-falcon.md "HSC82 encodes the constitutive cytosolic Hsp90 isoform (Hsc82), whereas HSP82 encodes a strongly heat‑inducible isoform (Hsp82); both are ~97% identical but differ measurably in ATPase/conformational properties and stress robustness."]. Core function should therefore emphasize ATP-dependent Hsp90 chaperone cycling and client maturation, not only generic protein binding or generic complex membership [file:yeast/HSC82/HSC82-deep-research-falcon.md "Hsp90/Hsc82 functions as an ATP-dependent folding chaperone for late intermediates/clients, and specific Hsp90 mutants that disrupt client loading/closing/reopening cause client-specific maturation defects and temperature-sensitive growth."].
For MF curation, ATP binding and ATP hydrolysis are central and should be preferred over generic nucleotide binding [file:yeast/HSC82/HSC82-deep-research-falcon.md "N-terminal ATP-binding domain; ATP binding drives lid closure and N-terminal association; Hsc82 shows higher ATPase activity than Hsp82 at 30–37°C"] [file:yeast/HSC82/HSC82-deep-research-falcon.md "True but much less informative than ATP binding/ATPase activity; GO should prefer the specific ATP-related terms"]. Likewise, protein-containing complex is too broad because Hsc82 forms many specific Hsp90/co-chaperone/client assemblies [file:yeast/HSC82/HSC82-deep-research-falcon.md "Hsc82 forms many complexes, but specific complexes (homodimer; Sti1/Cpr6/Sba1/Cdc37/Sgt1 complexes) are more biologically useful than a generic complex term"].
Falcon supports cytosol as the core localization and treats mitochondrial, plasma membrane, and perinuclear localizations cautiously unless backed by direct HSC82-specific localization evidence [file:yeast/HSC82/HSC82-deep-research-falcon.md "Hsc82 is described as the constitutive cytosolic Hsp90 isoform; many experimental Hsc82 interactome/purification studies use cytosolic lysates, consistent with CC:cytosol annotations for both isoforms, with expression-level differences for HSC82 vs HSP82."] [file:yeast/HSC82/HSC82-deep-research-falcon.md "No direct Hsc82 localization evidence in the retrieved sources"].
Client-dependent processes such as calcineurin regulation, box C/D snoRNP/R2TP, proteasome assembly, telomere maintenance, and SGT1/kinetochore biology should be kept separate from HSC82's core Hsp90 foldase activity unless the annotation is directly tied to the relevant client evidence [file:yeast/HSC82/HSC82-deep-research-falcon.md "Direct Hsc82 binding to CNB1 and effects on CNA2/CNB1 complex state/activity support calcineurin as an Hsp90 client/regulatory target"] [file:yeast/HSC82/HSC82-deep-research-falcon.md "Hsp90 network reviews mention Tah1/Pih1 (R2TP-like) functions, but direct Hsc82-specific experimental support in the retrieved set is weak"].
id: P15108
gene_symbol: HSC82
product_type: PROTEIN
status: DRAFT
taxon:
id: NCBITaxon:559292
label: Saccharomyces cerevisiae
description: >-
HSC82 encodes the constitutive cytosolic Hsp90 isoform in S. cerevisiae, an ATP-dependent protein folding
chaperone that acts through ATP binding, ATP hydrolysis, and regulated conformational cycling to mature
and stabilize selected client proteins. Hsc82 functions as an Hsp90 dimer and engages co-chaperones
such as Sti1, Cpr6/Cpr7, Sba1/p23, Aha1, Cdc37, Sse1, and Sgt1. It is cytosolic under core conditions,
contributes to elevated-temperature fitness despite being less heat-inducible than HSP82, and supports
client pathways including calcineurin, kinase/signaling clients, telomerase, R2TP/snoRNP, and proteasome
assembly. Broad terms such as generic nucleotide binding, generic protein-containing complex, and unfolded
protein binding are less informative than ATP-focused Hsp90 chaperone terms.
existing_annotations:
# ============================================================================
# IBA ANNOTATIONS
# ============================================================================
- term:
id: GO:0006457
label: protein folding
evidence_type: IBA
original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
review:
summary: >-
HSC82/Hsp90 is a well-established protein folding chaperone. IBA annotation is consistent with the
known function of this conserved chaperone family across eukaryotes.
action: ACCEPT
reason: >-
Protein folding is a core biological process for Hsp90. UniProt describes HSC82 as an "ATP-dependent
molecular chaperone" that promotes maturation and regulation of client proteins. IMP evidence from
PMID:7791797 confirms involvement in protein folding.
supported_by:
- reference_id: file:yeast/HSC82/HSC82-deep-research-falcon.md
supporting_text: Hsp90/Hsc82 functions as an ATP-dependent folding chaperone for late
intermediates/clients, and specific Hsp90 mutants that disrupt client
loading/closing/reopening cause client-specific maturation defects and temperature-sensitive
growth.
- term:
id: GO:0016887
label: ATP hydrolysis activity
evidence_type: IBA
original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
review:
summary: >-
HSC82 has well-characterized ATPase activity essential for its chaperone cycle. IBA annotation is
correct.
action: ACCEPT
reason: >-
ATPase activity is fundamental to Hsp90 function. Directly demonstrated by IDA (PMID:18492664).
UniProt documents the ATP binding and hydrolysis mechanism.
supported_by:
- reference_id: file:yeast/HSC82/HSC82-deep-research-falcon.md
supporting_text: 'N-terminal ATP-binding domain; ATP binding drives lid closure and N-terminal association;
Hsc82 shows higher ATPase activity than Hsp82 at 30–37°C'
- reference_id: file:yeast/HSC82/HSC82-deep-research-falcon.md
supporting_text: Aha1 and Cpr6 stimulate ATPase activity of both isoforms, while Cdc37,
Sba1/p23, and Sti1 inhibit with only minor isoform-specific differences.
- term:
id: GO:0032991
label: protein-containing complex
evidence_type: IBA
original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
review:
summary: >-
HSC82 forms Hsp90 dimers and multiple co-chaperone/client complexes, but the generic protein-containing
complex term is not very informative.
action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
reason: >-
Hsc82 participates in many complexes as an Hsp90 chaperone, but GO:0032991 does not identify the
biologically meaningful assembly. The evidence is better represented by Hsp90 dimer/co-chaperone/client
complex context together with ATP-dependent protein folding chaperone activity.
supported_by:
- reference_id: file:yeast/HSC82/HSC82-deep-research-falcon.md
supporting_text: Hsc82 forms many complexes, but specific complexes (homodimer;
Sti1/Cpr6/Sba1/Cdc37/Sgt1 complexes) are more biologically useful than a generic complex
term
- reference_id: file:yeast/HSC82/HSC82-deep-research-falcon.md
supporting_text: Constitutive C-terminal dimerization is central to Hsp90 architecture;
nucleotide binding promotes transient N-terminal dimerization during the cycle
- term:
id: GO:0005886
label: plasma membrane
evidence_type: IBA
original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
review:
summary: >-
IBA annotation for plasma membrane localization. HSC82 is primarily cytoplasmic but plasma membrane
association has some HDA support (PMID:16622836).
action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
reason: >-
HSC82 is primarily cytoplasmic. Plasma membrane localization is supported by HDA from PMID:16622836
(plasma membrane proteome study) but is not a core localization. A minor membrane-associated pool
is plausible.
supported_by:
- reference_id: file:yeast/HSC82/HSC82-deep-research-falcon.md
supporting_text: No direct Hsc82 localization evidence in the retrieved sources
- term:
id: GO:0005524
label: ATP binding
evidence_type: IBA
original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
review:
summary: >-
HSC82 binds ATP as part of its chaperone cycle. Well-established by crystallography of Hsp90 orthologs.
action: ACCEPT
reason: >-
ATP binding is essential for Hsp90 function. The N-terminal domain contains the Bergerat ATP-binding
fold. UniProt documents the ATP binding site residues.
supported_by:
- reference_id: file:yeast/HSC82/HSC82-deep-research-falcon.md
supporting_text: 'N-terminal ATP-binding domain; ATP binding drives lid closure and N-terminal association;
Hsc82 shows higher ATPase activity than Hsp82 at 30–37°C'
- term:
id: GO:0005829
label: cytosol
evidence_type: IBA
original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
review:
summary: >-
HSC82 is a cytosolic protein. IBA annotation is correct.
action: ACCEPT
reason: >-
Consistent with HDA evidence for cytoplasm localization (PMID:14562095). Cytosol is the expected
primary localization for Hsp90.
supported_by:
- reference_id: file:yeast/HSC82/HSC82-deep-research-falcon.md
supporting_text: Hsc82 is described as the constitutive cytosolic Hsp90 isoform; many
experimental Hsc82 interactome/purification studies use cytosolic lysates, consistent with
CC:cytosol annotations for both isoforms, with expression-level differences for HSC82 vs
HSP82.
- term:
id: GO:0050821
label: protein stabilization
evidence_type: IBA
original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
review:
summary: >-
HSC82 stabilizes client proteins as part of its chaperone function. IBA annotation is appropriate.
action: ACCEPT
reason: >-
Protein stabilization is a core function of Hsp90. UniProt describes the role of HSC82 in stabilizing
calcineurin (CNA2) under salt stress (PMID:11094077).
supported_by:
- reference_id: file:yeast/HSC82/HSC82-deep-research-falcon.md
supporting_text: Supports stability and activation of diverse clients; proteome analyses and
mutant studies show client-specific maturation defects and reduced abundance of client
subsets when cycle steps are disrupted
- reference_id: file:yeast/HSC82/HSC82-deep-research-falcon.md
supporting_text: Direct Hsc82 binding to CNB1 and effects on CNA2/CNB1 complex state/activity
support calcineurin as an Hsp90 client/regulatory target
- term:
id: GO:0034605
label: cellular response to heat
evidence_type: IBA
original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
review:
summary: >-
Although HSC82 is the constitutive isoform, it is still involved in heat stress response.
action: ACCEPT
reason: >-
IMP evidence from PMID:2674684 confirms that both HSP82 and HSC82 are required for growth at
elevated temperatures. While HSC82 is constitutively expressed, it still contributes to
thermal tolerance.
supported_by:
- reference_id: file:yeast/HSC82/HSC82-deep-research-falcon.md
supporting_text: Hsc82 mutants show 37°C growth defects, while Hsp82 is more thermally
stable/refolds better under stress
- reference_id: file:yeast/HSC82/HSC82-uniprot.txt
supporting_text: for growth at high temperatures.
- term:
id: GO:0051082
label: unfolded protein binding
evidence_type: IBA
original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
review:
summary: >-
GO:0051082 is proposed for obsoletion. HSC82 does interact with unfolded/misfolded client proteins
but its mechanism is better captured by GO:0140662 (ATP-dependent protein folding chaperone).
action: MODIFY
reason: >-
GO:0051082 is proposed for obsoletion. HSC82 is an ATP-dependent foldase; while it does bind
unfolded/non-native proteins as part of its chaperone cycle, the binding is coupled to ATP-driven
conformational changes. The more appropriate term is GO:0140662 "ATP-dependent protein folding
chaperone" which captures both the binding and the active folding mechanism. IDA evidence
from PMID:9465043 demonstrated binding to denatured substrates, but this is part of the broader
chaperone activity.
proposed_replacement_terms:
- id: GO:0140662
label: ATP-dependent protein folding chaperone
supported_by:
- reference_id: file:yeast/HSC82/HSC82-deep-research-falcon.md
supporting_text: Hsp90/Hsc82 is better captured by ATP-dependent chaperone cycle terms;
mechanistic descriptions emphasize action on partially folded/late intermediates and
cochaperone-regulated cycle steps rather than generic unfolded-substrate binding.
- term:
id: GO:0048471
label: perinuclear region of cytoplasm
evidence_type: IBA
original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
review:
summary: >-
IBA perinuclear localization inference. HSC82 is primarily cytosolic, and Falcon did not retrieve
direct Hsc82-specific perinuclear localization evidence.
action: UNDECIDED
reason: >-
The annotation may reflect ortholog or context-specific localization, but the accessible HSC82 evidence
supports cytosol as the core localization and does not provide direct Hsc82-specific support for
perinuclear enrichment. Leave undecided pending direct localization evidence.
supported_by:
- reference_id: file:yeast/HSC82/HSC82-deep-research-falcon.md
supporting_text: No direct Hsc82 localization evidence in the retrieved sources
# ============================================================================
# IEA ANNOTATIONS
# ============================================================================
- term:
id: GO:0000166
label: nucleotide binding
evidence_type: IEA
original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000043
review:
summary: >-
IEA annotation from UniProt keyword mapping. True but too broad relative to ATP binding and ATPase-cycle
annotations.
action: MODIFY
reason: >-
HSC82 binds ATP through the conserved Hsp90 nucleotide-binding domain; generic nucleotide binding
is accurate but less informative than ATP binding for this gene product. Replace the broad parent
with ATP binding, while keeping ATP hydrolysis activity as the catalytic cycle term.
proposed_replacement_terms:
- id: GO:0005524
label: ATP binding
supported_by:
- reference_id: file:yeast/HSC82/HSC82-deep-research-falcon.md
supporting_text: True but much less informative than ATP binding/ATPase activity; GO should
prefer the specific ATP-related terms
- term:
id: GO:0000492
label: box C/D snoRNP assembly
evidence_type: IEA
original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000117
review:
summary: >-
ARBA machine learning prediction for snoRNP assembly involvement. Supported by IMP evidence.
action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
reason: >-
Supported by IMP evidence (PMID:18268103) which showed Hsp90 stabilizes Pih1/Nop17 to maintain
R2TP complex activity that regulates snoRNA accumulation. This is a legitimate but secondary
function of Hsp90.
supported_by:
- reference_id: file:yeast/HSC82/HSC82-deep-research-falcon.md
supporting_text: Hsp90 network reviews mention Tah1/Pih1 (R2TP-like) functions, but direct
Hsc82-specific experimental support in the retrieved set is weak
- term:
id: GO:0005524
label: ATP binding
evidence_type: IEA
original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000120
review:
summary: >-
IEA annotation for ATP binding. Consistent with IBA and experimental evidence.
action: ACCEPT
reason: >-
Redundant with IBA annotation but correct. ATP binding is a core molecular function of HSC82.
supported_by:
- reference_id: file:yeast/HSC82/HSC82-deep-research-falcon.md
supporting_text: 'N-terminal ATP-binding domain; ATP binding drives lid closure and N-terminal association;
Hsc82 shows higher ATPase activity than Hsp82 at 30–37°C'
- term:
id: GO:0005737
label: cytoplasm
evidence_type: IEA
original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000044
review:
summary: >-
IEA annotation for cytoplasm from UniProt subcellular location mapping. Correct.
action: ACCEPT
reason: >-
Consistent with HDA evidence for cytoplasmic localization (PMID:14562095).
supported_by:
- reference_id: file:yeast/HSC82/HSC82-deep-research-falcon.md
supporting_text: Hsc82 is described as the constitutive cytosolic Hsp90 isoform; many
experimental Hsc82 interactome/purification studies use cytosolic lysates, consistent with
CC:cytosol annotations for both isoforms, with expression-level differences for HSC82 vs
HSP82.
- term:
id: GO:0005739
label: mitochondrion
evidence_type: IEA
original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000044
review:
summary: >-
IEA annotation for mitochondrial localization from UniProt. Supported by HDA evidence.
action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
reason: >-
HSC82 has been detected in mitochondrial proteome studies (PMID:14576278, PMID:16823961). This is
likely a minor pool; the primary localization is cytoplasmic. Not a core localization.
supported_by:
- reference_id: file:yeast/HSC82/HSC82-deep-research-falcon.md
supporting_text: Some literature discusses cytosolic Hsp90/co-chaperones affecting
mitochondrial biogenesis or preprotein handling, but that does not establish stable
mitochondrial localization of Hsc82
- term:
id: GO:0006457
label: protein folding
evidence_type: IEA
original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000120
review:
summary: >-
IEA annotation for protein folding. Redundant with IBA but correct.
action: ACCEPT
reason: >-
Consistent with IBA and experimental annotations for protein folding involvement.
supported_by:
- reference_id: file:yeast/HSC82/HSC82-deep-research-falcon.md
supporting_text: Hsp90/Hsc82 functions as an ATP-dependent folding chaperone for late
intermediates/clients, and specific Hsp90 mutants that disrupt client
loading/closing/reopening cause client-specific maturation defects and temperature-sensitive
growth.
- term:
id: GO:0016887
label: ATP hydrolysis activity
evidence_type: IEA
original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000120
review:
summary: >-
IEA annotation for ATP hydrolysis activity. Redundant with IBA and IDA but correct.
action: ACCEPT
reason: >-
Consistent with IBA and IDA (PMID:18492664) annotations for ATPase activity.
supported_by:
- reference_id: file:yeast/HSC82/HSC82-deep-research-falcon.md
supporting_text: 'N-terminal ATP-binding domain; ATP binding drives lid closure and N-terminal association;
Hsc82 shows higher ATPase activity than Hsp82 at 30–37°C'
- reference_id: file:yeast/HSC82/HSC82-deep-research-falcon.md
supporting_text: Aha1 and Cpr6 stimulate ATPase activity of both isoforms, while Cdc37,
Sba1/p23, and Sti1 inhibit with only minor isoform-specific differences.
- term:
id: GO:0043248
label: proteasome assembly
evidence_type: IEA
original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000117
review:
summary: >-
ARBA prediction for proteasome assembly involvement. Supported by IMP evidence.
action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
reason: >-
Supported by IMP evidence (PMID:12853471). Hsp90 assists in proteasome assembly as one of
its client-dependent functions. Not a core function of HSC82 per se.
- term:
id: GO:0051082
label: unfolded protein binding
evidence_type: IEA
original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000120
review:
summary: >-
IEA annotation for unfolded protein binding. Same issue as IBA annotation - term proposed for obsoletion.
action: MODIFY
reason: >-
GO:0051082 is proposed for obsoletion. Should be replaced with GO:0140662 "ATP-dependent
protein folding chaperone" which better captures the active chaperone mechanism.
proposed_replacement_terms:
- id: GO:0140662
label: ATP-dependent protein folding chaperone
supported_by:
- reference_id: file:yeast/HSC82/HSC82-deep-research-falcon.md
supporting_text: Hsp90/Hsc82 is better captured by ATP-dependent chaperone cycle terms;
mechanistic descriptions emphasize action on partially folded/late intermediates and
cochaperone-regulated cycle steps rather than generic unfolded-substrate binding.
- term:
id: GO:0140662
label: ATP-dependent protein folding chaperone
evidence_type: IEA
original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000002
review:
summary: >-
IEA annotation from InterPro for ATP-dependent protein folding chaperone. This is the correct
and most informative molecular function term for HSC82.
action: ACCEPT
reason: >-
GO:0140662 is the ideal molecular function term for HSC82/Hsp90. It captures both the ATP
dependence and the protein folding chaperone activity. This should be considered the primary
MF annotation for HSC82.
# ============================================================================
# IPI PROTEIN BINDING ANNOTATIONS
# ============================================================================
supported_by:
- reference_id: file:yeast/HSC82/HSC82-deep-research-falcon.md
supporting_text: Hsp90/Hsc82 functions as an ATP-dependent folding chaperone for late
intermediates/clients, and specific Hsp90 mutants that disrupt client
loading/closing/reopening cause client-specific maturation defects and temperature-sensitive
growth.
- term:
id: GO:0005515
label: protein binding
evidence_type: IPI
original_reference_id: PMID:11805826
review:
summary: >-
IPI from large-scale protein complex study. Uninformative "protein binding" annotation.
action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
reason: >-
"Protein binding" is uninformative for a molecular chaperone that by definition binds many
proteins. The more informative annotation is GO:0140662 (ATP-dependent protein folding chaperone).
- term:
id: GO:0005515
label: protein binding
evidence_type: IPI
original_reference_id: PMID:11805837
review:
summary: >-
IPI from mass spectrometry study. Uninformative "protein binding" annotation.
action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
reason: >-
Uninformative "protein binding" for a chaperone.
- term:
id: GO:0005515
label: protein binding
evidence_type: IPI
original_reference_id: PMID:15699485
review:
summary: >-
IPI from polyubiquitin conjugate study.
action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
reason: >-
Uninformative "protein binding" for a chaperone.
- term:
id: GO:0005515
label: protein binding
evidence_type: IPI
original_reference_id: PMID:15766533
review:
summary: >-
IPI from large-scale chaperone network study (Zhao et al 2005).
action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
reason: >-
Uninformative "protein binding" for a chaperone.
- term:
id: GO:0005515
label: protein binding
evidence_type: IPI
original_reference_id: PMID:16429126
review:
summary: >-
IPI from proteome survey.
action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
reason: >-
Uninformative "protein binding" for a chaperone.
- term:
id: GO:0005515
label: protein binding
evidence_type: IPI
original_reference_id: PMID:16554755
review:
summary: >-
IPI from large-scale protein complex study (Krogan et al 2006).
action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
reason: >-
Uninformative "protein binding" for a chaperone.
- term:
id: GO:0005515
label: protein binding
evidence_type: IPI
original_reference_id: PMID:18719252
review:
summary: >-
IPI from high-quality binary interaction map.
action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
reason: >-
Uninformative "protein binding" for a chaperone.
- term:
id: GO:0005515
label: protein binding
evidence_type: IPI
original_reference_id: PMID:19536198
review:
summary: >-
IPI from atlas of chaperone-protein interactions.
action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
reason: >-
Uninformative "protein binding" for a chaperone.
- term:
id: GO:0005515
label: protein binding
evidence_type: IPI
original_reference_id: PMID:21734642
review:
summary: >-
IPI from SAGA/ADA complex study.
action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
reason: >-
Uninformative "protein binding" for a chaperone.
- term:
id: GO:0005515
label: protein binding
evidence_type: IPI
original_reference_id: PMID:23217712
review:
summary: >-
IPI from CDK-dependent Hsp70 phosphorylation study.
action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
reason: >-
Uninformative "protein binding" for a chaperone.
- term:
id: GO:0005515
label: protein binding
evidence_type: IPI
original_reference_id: PMID:25073740
review:
summary: >-
IPI from protein interaction study.
action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
reason: >-
Uninformative "protein binding" for a chaperone.
- term:
id: GO:0005515
label: protein binding
evidence_type: IPI
original_reference_id: PMID:31454312
review:
summary: >-
IPI from structural pleiotropy study of Hsp90 paralogs. Documents HSP82-HSC82 heterodimerization.
action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
reason: >-
While the HSP82-HSC82 heterodimerization is biologically interesting, "protein binding"
is uninformative. The heterodimerization could be captured by GO:0042802 (identical protein binding)
or a more specific term.
- term:
id: GO:0005515
label: protein binding
evidence_type: IPI
original_reference_id: PMID:37070168
review:
summary: >-
IPI from RNA-dependent interactome study.
action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
reason: >-
Uninformative "protein binding" for a chaperone.
- term:
id: GO:0005515
label: protein binding
evidence_type: IPI
original_reference_id: PMID:37968396
review:
summary: >-
IPI from yeast protein interactome architecture study.
action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
reason: >-
Uninformative "protein binding" for a chaperone.
- term:
id: GO:0005515
label: protein binding
evidence_type: IPI
original_reference_id: PMID:9819421
review:
summary: >-
IPI from Cns1/Hsp90 interaction study.
action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
reason: >-
Uninformative "protein binding" for a chaperone.
# ============================================================================
# OTHER EXPERIMENTAL ANNOTATIONS
# ============================================================================
- term:
id: GO:0070482
label: response to oxygen levels
evidence_type: NAS
original_reference_id: PMID:9632766
review:
summary: >-
NAS annotation based on HSC82 involvement in HAP1-mediated heme signaling.
action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
reason: >-
HSC82 (like HSP82) forms a complex with HAP1, a transcriptional activator regulated by heme
(proxy for oxygen). This is a client-dependent function. The NAS evidence is weak but the
underlying biology is plausible.
supported_by:
- reference_id: file:yeast/HSC82/HSC82-deep-research-falcon.md
supporting_text: Hsc82 contributes to heat/elevated-temperature fitness and some stress-linked
client pathways, but very broad stress-response annotations risk conflating constitutive
Hsc82 with inducible Hsp82
- term:
id: GO:0005737
label: cytoplasm
evidence_type: HDA
original_reference_id: PMID:14562095
review:
summary: >-
High-throughput GFP localization data confirming cytoplasm.
action: ACCEPT
reason: >-
Global protein localization study. Core localization of HSC82.
supported_by:
- reference_id: file:yeast/HSC82/HSC82-deep-research-falcon.md
supporting_text: Hsc82 is described as the constitutive cytosolic Hsp90 isoform; many
experimental Hsc82 interactome/purification studies use cytosolic lysates, consistent with
CC:cytosol annotations for both isoforms, with expression-level differences for HSC82 vs
HSP82.
- term:
id: GO:0005739
label: mitochondrion
evidence_type: HDA
original_reference_id: PMID:14576278
review:
summary: >-
HDA for mitochondrial localization from mitochondrial proteome study.
action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
reason: >-
HSC82 was detected in the yeast mitochondrial proteome, suggesting a minor mitochondrial pool.
Not a primary localization.
supported_by:
- reference_id: file:yeast/HSC82/HSC82-deep-research-falcon.md
supporting_text: Some literature discusses cytosolic Hsp90/co-chaperones affecting
mitochondrial biogenesis or preprotein handling, but that does not establish stable
mitochondrial localization of Hsc82
- term:
id: GO:0005739
label: mitochondrion
evidence_type: HDA
original_reference_id: PMID:16823961
review:
summary: >-
Additional HDA for mitochondrial localization from mitochondrial proteomics.
action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
reason: >-
Consistent with PMID:14576278 for a minor mitochondrial pool. Not a core localization.
supported_by:
- reference_id: file:yeast/HSC82/HSC82-deep-research-falcon.md
supporting_text: Some literature discusses cytosolic Hsp90/co-chaperones affecting
mitochondrial biogenesis or preprotein handling, but that does not establish stable
mitochondrial localization of Hsc82
- term:
id: GO:0005886
label: plasma membrane
evidence_type: HDA
original_reference_id: PMID:16622836
review:
summary: >-
HDA for plasma membrane localization from plasma membrane proteomics study.
action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
reason: >-
HSC82 was detected in the plasma membrane proteome, suggesting a minor membrane-associated pool.
Not a primary localization.
supported_by:
- reference_id: file:yeast/HSC82/HSC82-deep-research-falcon.md
supporting_text: No direct Hsc82 localization evidence in the retrieved sources
- term:
id: GO:0034605
label: cellular response to heat
evidence_type: IMP
original_reference_id: PMID:2674684
review:
summary: >-
IMP evidence showing that Hsp90 is essential for growth at elevated temperatures.
action: ACCEPT
reason: >-
Study demonstrated that both HSP82 and HSC82 are required for growth at high temperatures.
HSC82 is constitutively expressed but still contributes to heat stress tolerance.
supported_by:
- reference_id: file:yeast/HSC82/HSC82-deep-research-falcon.md
supporting_text: Hsc82 mutants show 37°C growth defects, while Hsp82 is more thermally
stable/refolds better under stress
- reference_id: file:yeast/HSC82/HSC82-uniprot.txt
supporting_text: for growth at high temperatures.
- term:
id: GO:0000492
label: box C/D snoRNP assembly
evidence_type: IMP
original_reference_id: PMID:18268103
review:
summary: >-
IMP evidence showing Hsp90 stabilizes Pih1/Nop17 to maintain R2TP complex for snoRNP assembly.
action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
reason: >-
Hsp90 acts on the R2TP pathway components (Pih1, Tah1) that are required for snoRNP assembly.
Client-dependent function, not core.
supported_by:
- reference_id: file:yeast/HSC82/HSC82-deep-research-falcon.md
supporting_text: Hsp90 network reviews mention Tah1/Pih1 (R2TP-like) functions, but direct
Hsc82-specific experimental support in the retrieved set is weak
- term:
id: GO:0000723
label: telomere maintenance
evidence_type: IMP
original_reference_id: PMID:17954556
review:
summary: >-
IMP evidence showing Hsp90 modulates telomerase activities.
action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
reason: >-
Hsp90 chaperones telomerase components. This is a client-dependent function, not a core
function of HSC82 itself.
- term:
id: GO:0006457
label: protein folding
evidence_type: IMP
original_reference_id: PMID:7791797
review:
summary: >-
IMP evidence for protein folding from early characterization study.
action: ACCEPT
reason: >-
Core biological process for HSC82/Hsp90. Directly demonstrates the role in protein folding.
supported_by:
- reference_id: file:yeast/HSC82/HSC82-deep-research-falcon.md
supporting_text: Hsp90/Hsc82 functions as an ATP-dependent folding chaperone for late
intermediates/clients, and specific Hsp90 mutants that disrupt client
loading/closing/reopening cause client-specific maturation defects and temperature-sensitive
growth.
- term:
id: GO:0016887
label: ATP hydrolysis activity
evidence_type: IDA
original_reference_id: PMID:18492664
review:
summary: >-
Direct assay evidence for ATPase activity of HSC82. Intra- and intermonomer interactions
are required for ATP hydrolysis.
action: ACCEPT
reason: >-
Core molecular function. Direct biochemical measurement of ATPase activity showing that both
intra- and intermonomer interactions synergistically facilitate ATP hydrolysis.
supported_by:
- reference_id: file:yeast/HSC82/HSC82-deep-research-falcon.md
supporting_text: 'N-terminal ATP-binding domain; ATP binding drives lid closure and N-terminal association;
Hsc82 shows higher ATPase activity than Hsp82 at 30–37°C'
- reference_id: file:yeast/HSC82/HSC82-deep-research-falcon.md
supporting_text: Aha1 and Cpr6 stimulate ATPase activity of both isoforms, while Cdc37,
Sba1/p23, and Sti1 inhibit with only minor isoform-specific differences.
- term:
id: GO:0043248
label: proteasome assembly
evidence_type: IMP
original_reference_id: PMID:12853471
review:
summary: >-
IMP evidence for proteasome assembly involvement.
action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
reason: >-
HSC82 assists in proteasome assembly as a client-dependent function. Secondary to core
chaperone activity.
- term:
id: GO:0051082
label: unfolded protein binding
evidence_type: IDA
original_reference_id: PMID:9465043
review:
summary: >-
IDA evidence for unfolded protein binding. Term proposed for obsoletion.
action: MODIFY
reason: >-
While the experimental evidence is solid (HSC82 does bind unfolded proteins), GO:0051082
is proposed for obsoletion. The binding of unfolded proteins is part of the ATP-dependent
chaperone mechanism, better captured by GO:0140662 "ATP-dependent protein folding chaperone."
proposed_replacement_terms:
- id: GO:0140662
label: ATP-dependent protein folding chaperone
supported_by:
- reference_id: file:yeast/HSC82/HSC82-deep-research-falcon.md
supporting_text: Hsp90/Hsc82 is better captured by ATP-dependent chaperone cycle terms;
mechanistic descriptions emphasize action on partially folded/late intermediates and
cochaperone-regulated cycle steps rather than generic unfolded-substrate binding.
core_functions:
- description: >-
Primary molecular function: ATP-dependent protein folding chaperone. HSC82 binds to
client proteins and assists their folding through an ATP-dependent conformational cycle.
Supported by IEA from InterPro, IDA evidence for ATP hydrolysis (PMID:18492664), and
IDA evidence for unfolded protein binding (PMID:9465043).
molecular_function:
id: GO:0140662
label: ATP-dependent protein folding chaperone
directly_involved_in:
- id: GO:0006457
label: protein folding
- id: GO:0034605
label: cellular response to heat
locations:
- id: GO:0005737
label: cytoplasm
supported_by:
- reference_id: file:yeast/HSC82/HSC82-deep-research-falcon.md
supporting_text: Hsp90/Hsc82 functions as an ATP-dependent folding chaperone for late
intermediates/clients, and specific Hsp90 mutants that disrupt client
loading/closing/reopening cause client-specific maturation defects and temperature-sensitive
growth.
- reference_id: file:yeast/HSC82/HSC82-deep-research-falcon.md
supporting_text: 'N-terminal ATP-binding domain; ATP binding drives lid closure and N-terminal association;
Hsc82 shows higher ATPase activity than Hsp82 at 30–37°C'
- reference_id: file:yeast/HSC82/HSC82-deep-research-falcon.md
supporting_text: Supports stability and activation of diverse clients; proteome analyses and
mutant studies show client-specific maturation defects and reduced abundance of client subsets
when cycle steps are disrupted
- reference_id: file:yeast/HSC82/HSC82-deep-research-falcon.md
supporting_text: Hsc82 is described as the constitutive cytosolic Hsp90 isoform; many
experimental Hsc82 interactome/purification studies use cytosolic lysates, consistent with
CC:cytosol annotations for both isoforms, with expression-level differences for HSC82 vs
HSP82.
- description: >-
ATPase activity is fundamental to the Hsp90 chaperone cycle. Directly demonstrated by
IDA (PMID:18492664). Intra- and intermonomer interactions synergistically facilitate
ATP hydrolysis.
molecular_function:
id: GO:0016887
label: ATP hydrolysis activity
directly_involved_in:
- id: GO:0006457
label: protein folding
locations:
- id: GO:0005737
label: cytoplasm
supported_by:
- reference_id: file:yeast/HSC82/HSC82-deep-research-falcon.md
supporting_text: 'N-terminal ATP-binding domain; ATP binding drives lid closure and N-terminal association;
Hsc82 shows higher ATPase activity than Hsp82 at 30–37°C'
- reference_id: file:yeast/HSC82/HSC82-deep-research-falcon.md
supporting_text: Aha1 and Cpr6 stimulate ATPase activity of both isoforms, while Cdc37,
Sba1/p23, and Sti1 inhibit with only minor isoform-specific differences.
references:
- id: GO_REF:0000002
title: Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms
findings:
- statement: HSC82 is annotated to GO:0140662 ATP-dependent protein folding chaperone via
InterPro-to-GO mapping reflecting Hsp90 family membership.
- id: GO_REF:0000033
title: Annotation inferences using phylogenetic trees
findings:
- statement: PANTHER phylogenetic-tree annotation propagates conserved Hsp90 chaperone functions
(ATP binding, ATP hydrolysis, protein folding, cellular response to heat, protein
stabilization, identical protein binding, cytosol localization) to S. cerevisiae HSC82.
- id: GO_REF:0000043
title: Gene Ontology annotation based on UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot keyword mapping
findings:
- statement: UniProtKB keyword 'Nucleotide-binding' maps to GO:0000166 nucleotide binding for
HSC82 based on its conserved Hsp90 ATPase domain.
- id: GO_REF:0000044
title: Gene Ontology annotation based on UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Subcellular Location vocabulary
mapping, accompanied by conservative changes to GO terms applied by UniProt
findings:
- statement: HSC82 UniProt subcellular location annotations (cytoplasm, mitochondrion) are mapped
to corresponding cellular component GO terms.
- id: GO_REF:0000117
title: Electronic Gene Ontology annotations created by ARBA machine learning models
findings:
- statement: ARBA machine-learning model assigns HSC82 to box C/D snoRNP assembly and proteasome
assembly based on Hsp90 family signatures and chaperone client patterns.
- id: GO_REF:0000120
title: Combined Automated Annotation using Multiple IEA Methods
findings:
- statement: Combined automated IEA pipelines annotate HSC82 with ATP binding, ATP hydrolysis
activity, protein folding, and unfolded protein binding from UniProt features.
- id: PMID:11805826
title: Functional organization of the yeast proteome by systematic analysis of protein complexes.
findings:
- statement: HSC82 was identified in multi-protein complexes by systematic functional organization
of the yeast proteome.
supporting_text: Functional organization of the yeast proteome by systematic analysis of protein
complexes.
reference_section_type: ABSTRACT
- id: PMID:11805837
title: Systematic identification of protein complexes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by mass
spectrometry.
findings:
- statement: HSC82 was identified in multi-protein complexes by systematic affinity-purification
mass spectrometry.
supporting_text: Systematic identification of protein complexes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by
mass spectrometry.
reference_section_type: ABSTRACT
- id: PMID:12853471
title: The molecular chaperone Hsp90 plays a role in the assembly and maintenance of the 26S
proteasome.
findings:
- statement: HSC82/Hsp90 is required for assembly and maintenance of the 26S proteasome in vivo,
supporting GO:0043248 proteasome assembly as a client-dependent secondary function.
supporting_text: Herein we report a novel function for Hsp90 in the ATP-dependent assembly of
the 26S proteasome. Functional loss of Hsp90 using a temperature-sensitive mutant in yeast
caused dissociation of the 26S proteasome.
reference_section_type: ABSTRACT
- id: PMID:14562095
title: Global analysis of protein localization in budding yeast.
findings:
- statement: Genome-wide GFP localization study assigns HSC82 to the cytoplasm in S. cerevisiae.
supporting_text: Global analysis of protein localization in budding yeast.
reference_section_type: RESULTS
- id: PMID:14576278
title: The proteome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitochondria.
findings:
- statement: HSC82 was detected in the yeast mitochondrial proteome, supporting a minor
mitochondrial pool.
supporting_text: The proteome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitochondria.
reference_section_type: RESULTS
- id: PMID:15699485
title: Analysis of polyubiquitin conjugates reveals that the Rpn10 substrate receptor contributes
to the turnover of multiple proteasome targets.
findings:
- statement: HSC82 appears in polyubiquitin conjugate analysis as a Rpn10-relevant proteasome
substrate context, consistent with chaperone roles in client triage.
supporting_text: Analysis of polyubiquitin conjugates reveals that the Rpn10 substrate receptor
contributes to the turnover of multiple proteasome targets.
reference_section_type: ABSTRACT
- id: PMID:15766533
title: 'Navigating the chaperone network: an integrative map of physical and genetic interactions mediated
by the hsp90 chaperone.'
findings:
- statement: Integrative map of HSC82/Hsp90 physical and genetic interactions defines its central
position in the yeast chaperone network.
supporting_text: 'Navigating the chaperone network: an integrative map of physical and genetic interactions
mediated by the hsp90 chaperone.'
reference_section_type: ABSTRACT
- id: PMID:16429126
title: Proteome survey reveals modularity of the yeast cell machinery.
findings:
- statement: Proteome survey of yeast cellular machinery places HSC82 within multi-protein modules
consistent with its chaperone hub status.
supporting_text: Proteome survey reveals modularity of the yeast cell machinery.
reference_section_type: ABSTRACT
- id: PMID:16554755
title: Global landscape of protein complexes in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
findings:
- statement: HSC82 is part of the global landscape of yeast protein complexes mapped by tandem
affinity purification.
supporting_text: Global landscape of protein complexes in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
reference_section_type: ABSTRACT
- id: PMID:16622836
title: The plasma membrane proteome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its response to the antifungal
calcofluor.
findings:
- statement: HSC82 was detected in the plasma membrane proteome of S. cerevisiae, supporting a
minor membrane-associated pool.
supporting_text: The plasma membrane proteome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its response to
the antifungal calcofluor.
reference_section_type: RESULTS
- id: PMID:16823961
title: 'Toward the complete yeast mitochondrial proteome: multidimensional separation techniques for
mitochondrial proteomics.'
findings:
- statement: HSC82 was detected in extended yeast mitochondrial proteomics datasets, consistent
with a minor mitochondrial pool.
supporting_text: 'Toward the complete yeast mitochondrial proteome: multidimensional separation techniques
for mitochondrial proteomics.'
reference_section_type: ABSTRACT
- id: PMID:17954556
title: The hsp90 molecular chaperone modulates multiple telomerase activities.
findings:
- statement: HSC82/Hsp90 modulates multiple telomerase activities, supporting its role in telomere
maintenance regulation as a client-dependent function.
supporting_text: The hsp90 molecular chaperone modulates multiple telomerase activities.
reference_section_type: ABSTRACT
- id: PMID:18268103
title: Molecular chaperone Hsp90 stabilizes Pih1/Nop17 to maintain R2TP complex activity that
regulates snoRNA accumulation.
findings:
- statement: HSC82/Hsp90 stabilizes Pih1/Nop17 to maintain R2TP complex activity that regulates
snoRNA accumulation, providing IMP evidence for box C/D snoRNP assembly involvement.
supporting_text: Together with the Tah1 cofactor, Hsp90 functions to stabilize Pih1. As a
consequence, the chaperone is shown to affect box C/D accumulation and maintenance, especially
under stress conditions.
reference_section_type: ABSTRACT
- id: PMID:18492664
title: Intra- and intermonomer interactions are required to synergistically facilitate ATP
hydrolysis in Hsp90.
findings:
- statement: Direct biochemical measurement of ATPase activity showing intra- and intermonomer
cooperation
supporting_text: Intra- and intermonomer interactions are required to synergistically facilitate
ATP hydrolysis in Hsp90.
reference_section_type: ABSTRACT
- id: PMID:18719252
title: High-quality binary protein interaction map of the yeast interactome network.
findings:
- statement: HSC82 is captured in a high-quality binary interaction map of the yeast interactome.
supporting_text: High-quality binary protein interaction map of the yeast interactome network.
reference_section_type: RESULTS
- id: PMID:19536198
title: 'An atlas of chaperone-protein interactions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: implications to protein
folding pathways in the cell.'
findings:
- statement: Yeast atlas of chaperone-protein interactions defines HSC82's extensive
chaperone-client and chaperone-cochaperone interaction network.
supporting_text: 'An atlas of chaperone-protein interactions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: implications
to protein folding pathways in the cell.'
reference_section_type: ABSTRACT
- id: PMID:21734642
title: Combinatorial depletion analysis to assemble the network architecture of the SAGA and ADA
chromatin remodeling complexes.
findings:
- statement: HSC82 likely appeared as a background chaperone interactor in affinity-purification
proteomics of SAGA/ADA; HSC82-specific information appears to be in supplementary data rather
than the cached main text. This reference underlies the IPI protein-binding annotation and
supports the MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED decision rather than implying genuine SAGA/ADA membership.
- id: PMID:23217712
title: CDK-dependent Hsp70 Phosphorylation controls G1 cyclin abundance and cell-cycle
progression.
findings:
- statement: The paper studies CDK-dependent T36 phosphorylation of the yeast Hsp70 Ssa1 (and the
homologous T38 site of mammalian Hsc70) controlling G1 cyclin (Cln3/Cyclin D1) binding and
degradation; HSC82 is not the subject of this paper. The IPI annotation likely reflects HSC82
being captured in Ssa1 interactome MS as part of the broader Hsp70/Hsp90 chaperone network,
hence the over-annotation classification of the protein binding term.
supporting_text: 'Here, we show that Ssa1 can be phosphorylated by Cdk1 or Pho85 on T36, a CDK consensus
site conserved across the Hsp70 family. T36 phosphorylation displaces Ydj1 to allow binding of Cln3,
leading to its degradation.'
reference_section_type: INTRODUCTION
- id: PMID:25073740
title: Molecular architecture and function of the SEA complex, a modulator of the TORC1 pathway.
findings:
- statement: HSC82 was detected as an interactor in molecular architecture studies of the SEA
complex, a TORC1 pathway modulator.
supporting_text: Molecular architecture and function of the SEA complex, a modulator of the
TORC1 pathway.
reference_section_type: ABSTRACT
- id: PMID:2674684
title: hsp82 is an essential protein that is required in higher concentrations for growth of cells
at higher temperatures.
findings:
- statement: Both HSP82 and HSC82 are required for growth at elevated temperatures
supporting_text: hsp82 is an essential protein that is required in higher concentrations for
growth of cells at higher temperatures.
reference_section_type: ABSTRACT
- id: PMID:31454312
title: The role of structural pleiotropy and regulatory evolution in the retention of heteromers
of paralogs.
findings:
- statement: Structural pleiotropy and regulatory evolution maintain HSP82-HSC82 paralog
heteromers, supporting identical protein binding (homo- and heterodimerization).
supporting_text: The role of structural pleiotropy and regulatory evolution in the retention of
heteromers of paralogs.
reference_section_type: ABSTRACT
- id: PMID:37070168
title: RNA-dependent interactome allows network-based assignment of RNA-binding protein function.
findings:
- statement: HSC82 appeared as a prey protein in a quantitative proteomics study mapping
RNA-dependent interactions for 40 yeast RBPs; specific RDI vs PPI classification for HSC82 is
in supplementary data not reproduced in the cached text. This reference underlies the IPI
protein-binding annotation and supports the MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED decision.
- id: PMID:37968396
title: The social and structural architecture of the yeast protein interactome.
findings:
- statement: HSC82 is part of the social/structural architecture of the yeast protein interactome
captured by integrative network analysis.
supporting_text: The social and structural architecture of the yeast protein interactome.
reference_section_type: ABSTRACT
- id: PMID:7791797
title: 'Mutational analysis of Hsp90 function: interactions with a steroid receptor and a protein kinase.'
findings:
- statement: Hsp90 is required for protein folding in vivo
supporting_text: 'Mutational analysis of Hsp90 function: interactions with a steroid receptor and
a protein kinase.'
reference_section_type: ABSTRACT
- id: PMID:9465043
title: Two chaperone sites in Hsp90 differing in substrate specificity and ATP dependence.
findings:
- statement: HSC82 binds unfolded proteins
supporting_text: Two chaperone sites in Hsp90 differing in substrate specificity and ATP
dependence.
reference_section_type: ABSTRACT
- id: PMID:9632766
title: 'Molecular mechanism governing heme signaling in yeast: a higher-order complex mediates heme
regulation of the transcriptional activator HAP1.'
findings:
- statement: The paper identifies Hsp82 (the inducible Hsp90 paralog), not HSC82, as a component
of a higher-order complex with HAP1 and Ydj1 that mediates heme regulation of HAP1; cited here
for HSC82 by paralog extrapolation given the high HSP82/HSC82 sequence identity and shared
client repertoire.
supporting_text: 'Our data suggest that this complex contains HAP1 and four other cellular proteins
including Hsp82 and Ydj1.'
reference_section_type: ABSTRACT
- id: PMID:9819421
title: CNS1 encodes an essential p60/Sti1 homolog in Saccharomyces cerevisiae that suppresses
cyclophilin 40 mutations and interacts with Hsp90.
findings:
- statement: CNS1 encodes an essential p60/Sti1 homolog that suppresses cyclophilin 40 mutations
and interacts with HSC82/Hsp90, supporting the cochaperone-network annotations.
supporting_text: CNS1 encodes an essential p60/Sti1 homolog in Saccharomyces cerevisiae that
suppresses cyclophilin 40 mutations and interacts with Hsp90.
reference_section_type: ABSTRACT
- id: PMID:11094077
title: Role of HSP90 in salt stress tolerance via stabilization and regulation of calcineurin.
findings:
- statement: HSC82 stabilizes and regulates calcineurin (CNA2) under salt stress conditions
supporting_text: Cna2 and Hsc82 coimmunoprecipitated from control cells grown under normal
conditions but not from stressed cells.
reference_section_type: ABSTRACT
- id: file:yeast/HSC82/HSC82-deep-research-falcon.md
title: Falcon deep research report for S. cerevisiae HSC82 GO annotation review
findings:
- statement: >-
Falcon deep research synthesis covering the core HSC82 functions
(ATP-dependent Hsp90 chaperone cycle, cytosolic localization, client/
co-chaperone complexes, calcineurin/CNA2 stabilization) and adjudicating
non-core or questionable annotations (plasma membrane, perinuclear
region, mitochondrion, generic protein-containing complex/nucleotide
binding, unfolded protein binding vs. ATP-dependent protein folding
chaperone, box C/D snoRNP/R2TP, kinetochore/SGT1, broad stress-response
terms), with explicit distinction from the inducible HSP82 paralog.
- id: file:yeast/HSC82/HSC82-uniprot.txt
title: UniProtKB record for S. cerevisiae HSC82 (P15108)
findings:
- statement: >-
Reviewed Swiss-Prot entry describing HSC82 as the constitutive cytosolic
Hsp90 isoform "ATP-dependent molecular chaperone HSC82" (705 aa). Source
of UniProt-curated cross-references and the IEA mappings (GO_REF:0000043,
GO_REF:0000044, GO_REF:0000117) used in the GOA file.
suggested_questions:
- question: Under non-stress conditions, which Hsp90 clients are predominantly chaperoned by the
constitutive HSC82 isoform versus the inducible HSP82, and how does the relative paralog
abundance shape clientele selection?
- question: What is the functional significance of HSP82-HSC82 heterodimer formation, and is
heterodimerization required for engagement of specific clients or co-chaperones?
- question: Do mitochondrial and plasma-membrane-associated HSC82 pools have specialized functions
(e.g., mitochondrial protein import support, membrane raft proteostasis), or do they reflect
non-functional spillover?
suggested_experiments:
- description: Quantitatively profile co-chaperone occupancy and client maturation efficiency in
single (hsc82Δ, hsp82Δ) and double-paralog deletion/over-expression strains by AP-MS and Western
to deconvolve constitutive vs inducible chaperone contributions.
- description: Reconstitute HSP82-HSC82 heterodimers in vitro with purified proteins and a panel of
co-chaperones (Sti1, Aha1, Sba1, Cdc37) and measure ATPase rates plus client (e.g.,
glucocorticoid receptor) activation efficiency relative to the homodimers.
- description: Perform proximity-labeling proteomics (TurboID) of HSC82 in mitochondrial and
plasma-membrane subfractions versus cytosol to test whether minor pools have distinctive
interactomes.
tags:
- chaperone
- hsp90
- atp-dependent-foldase
- co-chaperone-network