SHQ1 encodes an essential conserved chaperone/assembly factor for box H/ACA small nucleolar RNP biogenesis. Shq1 binds the pseudouridine synthase Cbf5, uses an RNA-mimic domain to block premature RNA engagement, and promotes early assembly before handoff to later factors such as Naf1. The best-supported core function is protein chaperoning in box H/ACA snoRNP assembly in the nucleus or nucleoplasm; oxygen-dependent cytosolic relocalization is supported but is not the central conserved function.
| GO Term | Evidence | Action | Reason |
|---|---|---|---|
|
GO:0005654
nucleoplasm
|
IBA
GO_REF:0000033 |
ACCEPT |
Summary: Phylogenetic nucleoplasmic localization is consistent with Shq1's conserved nuclear H/ACA assembly role.
Reason: Shq1 acts during early H/ACA snoRNP assembly with nuclear/nucleoplasmic components such as Cbf5.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:12228251
required for box H/ACA small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein particle biogenesis
file:interpro/panther/PTHR12967/PTHR12967-metadata.yaml
PROTEIN SHQ1 HOMOLOG
|
|
GO:0005737
cytoplasm
|
IBA
GO_REF:0000033 |
KEEP AS NON CORE |
Summary: Cytoplasmic localization is supported in some contexts, but it is not the core functional site for H/ACA snoRNP assembly.
Reason: Oxygen-dependent localization studies support cytosolic/cytoplasmic pools, while the central conserved function remains nuclear/nucleoplasmic assembly of H/ACA particles.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:22932476
over 120 nuclear proteins with important functions ranging from transcriptional regulation to RNA processing exhibit altered cellular locations under hypoxia
|
|
GO:0000493
box H/ACA snoRNP assembly
|
IBA
GO_REF:0000033 |
ACCEPT |
Summary: The conserved H/ACA snoRNP assembly annotation is well supported.
Reason: Shq1 homologs are Cbf5-associated assembly chaperones required for H/ACA RNP biogenesis.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:12228251
required for box H/ACA small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein particle biogenesis
file:yeast/SHQ1/SHQ1-deep-research-falcon.md
assembly chaperone for box H/ACA
|
|
GO:0051082
unfolded protein binding
|
IBA
GO_REF:0000033 |
MODIFY |
Summary: The family transfer captures a chaperone activity, but unfolded protein binding is too broad for Shq1.
Reason: Shq1 is a Cbf5-directed chaperone/assembly factor, so protein carrier chaperone is more informative than generic unfolded protein binding.
Proposed replacements:
protein carrier chaperone
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:19426738
Shq1p is a chaperone protein ... that binds to the Cbf5p enzyme
|
|
GO:0000493
box H/ACA snoRNP assembly
|
IEA
GO_REF:0000002 |
ACCEPT |
Summary: InterPro-derived H/ACA snoRNP assembly is correct.
Reason: Shq1 is a conserved H/ACA assembly factor and yeast experiments directly support this process.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:12228251
required for box H/ACA small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein particle biogenesis
|
|
GO:0005634
nucleus
|
IEA
GO_REF:0000044 |
ACCEPT |
Summary: Nuclear localization is supported and relevant to H/ACA snoRNP assembly.
Reason: Shq1 acts with nuclear/nucleolar H/ACA assembly machinery, although cytosolic localization has also been observed under oxygen-regulated conditions.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:12228251
small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein particle biogenesis
|
|
GO:0005829
cytosol
|
IDA
PMID:22932476 The nuclear localization of SWI/SNF proteins is subjected to... |
KEEP AS NON CORE |
Summary: Cytosolic localization is experimentally observed, but should be treated as non-core relative to the H/ACA assembly role.
Reason: The oxygen-regulation study supports localization dynamics; it does not redefine the primary conserved molecular function.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:22932476
over 120 nuclear proteins with important functions ranging from transcriptional regulation to RNA processing exhibit altered cellular locations under hypoxia
|
|
GO:0000493
box H/ACA snoRNP assembly
|
IMP
PMID:12228251 The Shq1p.Naf1p complex is required for box H/ACA small nucl... |
ACCEPT |
Summary: Mutant/depletion evidence directly supports H/ACA snoRNP assembly.
Reason: Shq1 depletion reduces H/ACA snoRNA/RNP accumulation and causes defects in H/ACA particle biogenesis.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:12228251
required for box H/ACA small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein particle biogenesis
|
|
GO:0000493
box H/ACA snoRNP assembly
|
IPI
PMID:12228251 The Shq1p.Naf1p complex is required for box H/ACA small nucl... |
ACCEPT |
Summary: Interaction evidence with H/ACA assembly factors supports the same assembly process.
Reason: Shq1 interaction with Cbf5/Nhp2/Naf1 context is mechanistically tied to early H/ACA snoRNP assembly.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:12228251
The Shq1p.Naf1p complex is required
|
|
GO:0005634
nucleus
|
IDA
PMID:22932476 The nuclear localization of SWI/SNF proteins is subjected to... |
ACCEPT |
Summary: Nuclear localization is supported and consistent with the core assembly role.
Reason: H/ACA snoRNP biogenesis is a nuclear/nucleolar process, and the localization study supports oxygen-regulated nuclear presence.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:22932476
over 120 nuclear proteins with important functions ranging from transcriptional regulation to RNA processing exhibit altered cellular locations under hypoxia
|
|
GO:0005654
nucleoplasm
|
IDA
PMID:12228251 The Shq1p.Naf1p complex is required for box H/ACA small nucl... |
ACCEPT |
Summary: Nucleoplasmic localization is consistent with early H/ACA assembly.
Reason: Shq1 acts on Cbf5 before mature H/ACA RNP formation, making nucleoplasm a defensible functional compartment.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:12228251
box H/ACA small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein particle biogenesis
|
|
GO:0051082
unfolded protein binding
|
IDA
PMID:19426738 The box H/ACA snoRNP assembly factor Shq1p is a chaperone pr... |
MODIFY |
Summary: The experiment supports chaperone binding to Cbf5, but unfolded protein binding is too generic.
Reason: Shq1 is a dedicated H/ACA assembly chaperone for Cbf5 rather than a general unfolded-protein binder.
Proposed replacements:
protein carrier chaperone
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:19426738
Shq1p is a chaperone protein ... that binds to the Cbf5p enzyme
|
Q: What triggers release of Cbf5 from Shq1 and handoff to Naf1 or nascent H/ACA RNA during yeast RNP assembly?
Suggested experts: snoRNP assembly experts, RNA-protein complex biochemists
Q: Does the oxygen-dependent cytosolic pool of Shq1 have a regulated assembly function or represent sequestration away from nuclear H/ACA biogenesis?
Suggested experts: yeast stress-response researchers
Experiment: Reconstitute yeast Cbf5-Shq1-Naf1-H/ACA RNA transitions and monitor handoff by fluorescence, EMSA, and activity assays using wild-type and RNA-mimic-domain mutants.
Hypothesis: Shq1 prevents premature Cbf5-RNA engagement until a defined handoff step promotes productive H/ACA RNP assembly.
Type: time-resolved assembly reconstitution
Experiment: Engineer Shq1 mutants or conditional anchors that selectively alter nuclear versus cytosolic localization, then measure H/ACA snoRNA accumulation and pseudouridylation under normoxia and hypoxia.
Hypothesis: Nuclear/nucleoplasmic Shq1 is sufficient for core H/ACA assembly, while cytosolic relocalization modulates availability under oxygen stress.
Type: localization-function separation assay
provider: falcon
model: Edison Scientific Literature
cached: false
start_time: '2026-05-04T10:57:32.787903'
end_time: '2026-05-04T11:08:12.437347'
duration_seconds: 639.65
template_file: templates/gene_research_go_focused.md
template_variables:
organism: yeast
gene_id: SHQ1
gene_symbol: SHQ1
uniprot_accession: P40486
protein_description: 'RecName: Full=Protein SHQ1; AltName: Full=Small nucleolar
RNAs of the box H/ACA family quantitative accumulation protein 1;'
gene_info: Name=SHQ1; OrderedLocusNames=YIL104C;
organism_full: Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c) (Baker's yeast).
protein_family: Belongs to the SHQ1 family. .
protein_domains: CS_dom. (IPR007052); HSP20-like_chaperone. (IPR008978); Shq1. (IPR039742);
SHQ1-like_CS. (IPR048696); Shq1_C. (IPR007009)
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BEFORE YOU BEGIN RESEARCH: You MUST verify you are researching the CORRECT gene/protein. Gene symbols can be ambiguous, especially for less well-characterized genes from non-model organisms.
DO NOT PROCEED WITH RESEARCH ON A DIFFERENT GENE. Instead:
- State clearly: "The gene symbol 'SHQ1' is ambiguous or literature is limited for this specific protein"
- Explain what you found (e.g., "Found extensive literature on a different gene with the same symbol in a different organism")
- Describe the protein based ONLY on the UniProt information provided above
- Suggest that the protein function can be inferred from domain/family information
Please provide a comprehensive research report on the gene SHQ1 (gene ID: SHQ1, UniProt: P40486) in yeast.
The research report should be a detailed narrative explaining the function, biological processes, and localization of the gene product. Citations should be given for all claims.
You should prioritize authoritative reviews and primary scientific literature when conducting research. You can supplement
this with annotations you find in gene/protein databases, but these can be outdated or inaccurate.
We are specifically interested in the primary function of the gene - for enzymes, what reaction is catalyzed, and what is the substrate specificity? For transporters, what is the substrate? For structural proteins or adapters, what is the broader structural role? For signaling molecules, what is the role in the pathway.
We are interested in where in or outside the cell the gene product carries out its function.
We are also interested in the signaling or biochemical pathways in which the gene functions. We are less interested in broad pleiotropic effects, except where these elucidate the precise role.
Include evidence where possible. We are interested in both experimental evidence as well as inference from structure, evolution, or bioinformatic analysis. Precise studies should be prioritized over high-throughput, where available.
Question: You are an expert researcher providing comprehensive, well-cited information.
Provide detailed information focusing on:
1. Key concepts and definitions with current understanding
2. Recent developments and latest research (prioritize 2023-2024 sources)
3. Current applications and real-world implementations
4. Expert opinions and analysis from authoritative sources
5. Relevant statistics and data from recent studies
Format as a comprehensive research report with proper citations. Include URLs and publication dates where available.
Always prioritize recent, authoritative sources and provide specific citations for all major claims.
BEFORE YOU BEGIN RESEARCH: You MUST verify you are researching the CORRECT gene/protein. Gene symbols can be ambiguous, especially for less well-characterized genes from non-model organisms.
DO NOT PROCEED WITH RESEARCH ON A DIFFERENT GENE. Instead:
- State clearly: "The gene symbol 'SHQ1' is ambiguous or literature is limited for this specific protein"
- Explain what you found (e.g., "Found extensive literature on a different gene with the same symbol in a different organism")
- Describe the protein based ONLY on the UniProt information provided above
- Suggest that the protein function can be inferred from domain/family information
Please provide a comprehensive research report on the gene SHQ1 (gene ID: SHQ1, UniProt: P40486) in yeast.
The research report should be a detailed narrative explaining the function, biological processes, and localization of the gene product. Citations should be given for all claims.
You should prioritize authoritative reviews and primary scientific literature when conducting research. You can supplement
this with annotations you find in gene/protein databases, but these can be outdated or inaccurate.
We are specifically interested in the primary function of the gene - for enzymes, what reaction is catalyzed, and what is the substrate specificity? For transporters, what is the substrate? For structural proteins or adapters, what is the broader structural role? For signaling molecules, what is the role in the pathway.
We are interested in where in or outside the cell the gene product carries out its function.
We are also interested in the signaling or biochemical pathways in which the gene functions. We are less interested in broad pleiotropic effects, except where these elucidate the precise role.
Include evidence where possible. We are interested in both experimental evidence as well as inference from structure, evolution, or bioinformatic analysis. Precise studies should be prioritized over high-throughput, where available.
The research target is yeast SHQ1/Shq1p encoded by YIL104C (UniProt P40486) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288c, described in primary literature as a conserved H/ACA RNP assembly factor that binds the yeast dyskerin homolog Cbf5p and acts as an assembly chaperone. The mechanistic descriptions and domain architecture reported in yeast studies match UniProt domain annotations: an N‑terminal CS (CHORD-and-Sgt1/HSP20-like cochaperone-like) domain and a C‑terminal Shq1-specific domain that functions as an RNA mimic/placeholder on Cbf5p. (godin2009theboxhaca pages 1-2, massenet2017assemblyandtrafficking pages 7-10, godin2009theboxhaca pages 2-4)
Box H/ACA snoRNPs are essential ribonucleoprotein machines that guide conversion of uridine to pseudouridine in target RNAs (notably rRNA), a process central to ribosome biogenesis and multiple RNA processing pathways. In eukaryotes, the mature H/ACA snoRNP core includes the pseudouridine synthase Cbf5p/dyskerin plus core proteins Nop10p, Nhp2p, and Gar1p. In addition to these core proteins, assembly factors coordinate correct RNP formation and prevent non-productive interactions during biogenesis. (godin2009theboxhaca pages 1-2, massenet2017assemblyandtrafficking pages 7-10)
Yeast Shq1p is defined experimentally as an essential assembly factor for eukaryotic H/ACA RNPs, including particles involved in ribosome biogenesis and telomere biology. Mechanistically, it is best described as a dedicated chaperone for Cbf5p that binds Cbf5p early and prevents inappropriate RNA binding and/or aggregation prior to formation of the mature H/ACA snoRNP. (li2011structureofthe pages 1-2, walbott2011thehacarnp pages 1-2, massenet2017assemblyandtrafficking pages 7-10)
Structural studies show that the C-terminal portion of Shq1p contacts the RNA-binding surface of Cbf5p (notably the PUA domain region) in a way that mimics guide RNA binding, thereby acting as an RNA placeholder. This explains how SHQ1 can protect Cbf5p from non-specific RNA interactions before assembly with authentic H/ACA RNA and other core proteins. (walbott2011thehacarnp pages 1-2, li2011structureofthe pages 5-7, walbott2011thehacarnp media 3caa9278)
Multiple independent yeast studies converge on a model in which Shq1p binds Cbf5p directly and functions as an assembly chaperone rather than as a stable component of mature H/ACA snoRNPs. In vitro and in vivo evidence supports that SHQ1’s interaction is transient, consistent with a pre-assembly role. (godin2009theboxhaca pages 1-2, godin2009theboxhaca pages 8-9)
Two-domain architecture: Yeast Shq1p is composed of two structurally independent domains. The N-terminal domain adopts a CS fold (Chord-and-Sgt1) reminiscent of Hsp90 co-chaperones; the C-terminal domain provides key client interaction and chaperone-like activity. (godin2009theboxhaca pages 1-2, godin2009theboxhaca pages 2-4)
Chaperone-like activity: Shq1p exhibits intrinsic chaperone activity, primarily residing in the C-terminal domain but enhanced by the presence of the N-terminal domain when both are present in cis. (godin2009theboxhaca pages 1-2, godin2009theboxhaca pages 7-8)
An EMBO Journal study determined structures of the Shq1-specific domain and a complex with Cbf5–Nop10–Gar1, showing that Shq1 makes primary contacts with the PUA domain and the Cbf5 C-terminal extension, and that the binding surface overlaps with the H/ACA RNA interface—supporting the “placeholder” hypothesis. (li2011structureofthe pages 1-2, li2011structureofthe pages 5-7)
A complementary Genes & Development structure specifically supports the RNA-mimicry mechanism: the Shq1 C-terminal domain occupies RNA-binding sites on Cbf5, and comparison to guide RNA-bound archaeal complexes suggests structural mimicry of RNA elements (including portions corresponding to guide RNA features). (walbott2011thehacarnp pages 1-2, walbott2011thehacarnp media 3caa9278)
Yeast Shq1p binds Cbf5p directly; the interaction is strongest with full-length Shq1p and is mediated largely by the C-terminal domain (with the N-terminal domain contributing synergistically). (godin2009theboxhaca pages 1-2, godin2009theboxhaca pages 2-4)
Biochemical evidence indicates that Nop10, Nhp2, Gar1, and the assembly factor Naf1 do not disrupt the Shq1–Cbf5 interaction in vitro, consistent with a model where SHQ1 can bind Cbf5 independently in an early assembly intermediate. (li2011structureofthe pages 5-7)
However, review synthesis highlights that experimental results across systems have suggested potentially different assembly orders: in some experiments an RNA-free complex containing SHQ1, NAF1, NHP2, NOP10, and DKC1/Cbf5 can be reconstituted, while other experiments suggest SHQ1 binding may exclude recruitment of certain factors, implying SHQ1 must be released before or during later assembly steps. (massenet2017assemblyandtrafficking pages 7-10)
H/ACA RNAs can compete SHQ1 off Cbf5 by binding an overlapping site on the Cbf5 PUA domain, and this displacement can be RNA-specific and enhanced by Nhp2, supporting a regulated handoff from an SHQ1-bound Cbf5 complex to an RNA-containing pre-snoRNP. (li2011structureofthe pages 5-7)
Primary evidence indicates that Naf1 and Shq1 localize to the nucleoplasm and are excluded from nucleoli and Cajal bodies, supporting a role in early assembly before mature particle localization to sites of rRNA modification. A review further classifies SHQ1 (with NAF1) as a nucleocytoplasmic shuttling factor, consistent with an early, pre-snoRNP assembly role rather than functioning within mature nucleolar H/ACA snoRNPs. (li2011structureofthe pages 1-2, massenet2017assemblyandtrafficking pages 7-10)
Yeast SHQ1 is essential for viability, and mutations in Shq1 that disrupt interaction with Cbf5 lead to growth defects, especially at elevated temperatures. (li2011structureofthe pages 1-2, li2011structureofthe pages 5-7)
Functional disruption/depletion of SHQ1 is associated with unstable accumulation of H/ACA snoRNAs and rRNA processing defects, consistent with failure of H/ACA snoRNP biogenesis. (walbott2011thehacarnp pages 1-2, godin2009theboxhaca pages 1-2)
Walbott et al., 2011 (Genes & Development; published Nov 2011):
- Crystal structure of yeast Shq1pC at 1.5 Å (native) and 1.6 Å (SeMet SAD). (walbott2011thehacarnp pages 8-9, walbott2011thehacarnp pages 2-3)
- Structure of Shq1pC/Cbf5pΔcat complex refined to 2.8 Å. (walbott2011thehacarnp pages 8-9, walbott2011thehacarnp pages 2-3)
Li et al., 2011 (EMBO Journal; published Dec 2011):
- SHQ1-specific domain crystal datasets include 1.6 Å (native) and 2.1 Å (Se-derivative) and a multi-protein complex refined to 3.06 Å. (li2011structureofthe pages 8-10)
Godin et al., 2009 (Journal of Molecular Biology; published Jul 2009):
- NMR structure statistics for the N-terminal CS domain: 4521 NOEs used, resulting in 20 refined structures with average backbone/heavy-atom RMSDs 0.25 Å / 0.71 Å over the structured region; deposited as PDB 2K8V (with comparison to a related crystal structure 3EUD). (godin2009theboxhaca pages 2-4)
In pull-down quantifications using truncation variants of dyskerin/NAP57 constructs, truncation NAP57 31–387 reduced binding to full-length SHQ1 by ~28% and to the SHQ1 C-terminal domain by ~34% (averages of three experiments ± SEM). (walbott2011thehacarnp pages 8-9)
In yeast Cbf5 mutant binding assays, deletion of the Cbf5 C-terminal extension substantially reduced SHQ1 binding, with experimental sensitivity sufficient to detect an approximately ~4-fold reduction in binding in the reported assays. (li2011structureofthe pages 5-7)
Li et al. provide explicit molar amounts for pull-down assembly assays (e.g., 120 pmol Cbf5 complex mixed with 480 pmol Shq1, i.e., 4-fold molar excess) and detailed crystallographic model validation (e.g., 98.4% Ramachandran favored for the SSD model). (li2011structureofthe pages 8-10)
Direct 2023–2024 yeast SHQ1 mechanistic papers were not identified in the retrieved set; recent work is predominantly in human SHQ1, but it strongly supports conserved SHQ1 function and highlights conserved residues and interaction networks that can be interpreted in the yeast system by homology.
A 2023 report identified a homozygous SHQ1 p.I278T variant (c.833T>C) in unrelated families, located in a highly conserved region, with modeling suggesting destabilization of the C-terminal domain core. The paper explicitly ties SHQ1 function to protecting Cbf5/dyskerin complexes from nonspecific RNA binding/aggregation prior to H/ACA RNA assembly, aligning with yeast structural models. (alhargan2023shq1associatedneurodevelopmentaldisorder pages 2-4, alhargan2023shq1associatedneurodevelopmentaldisorder pages 1-2)
A 2024 study reported compound heterozygous variants including a recurrent frameshift p.Asp277Serfs*27 and a novel missense p.Tyr386Ser, and highlighted interactors that overlap strongly with the known H/ACA assembly network (GAR1, NAF1, DKC1, NOP10, NHP2, and also RUVBL1/2—R2TP-related AAA+ ATPases). These analyses further support SHQ1’s conserved placement at the start of H/ACA snoRNP assembly and its functional linkage to ribosome biogenesis and RNA processing. (gowda2024insilicocharacterization pages 1-2, gowda2024insilicocharacterization pages 2-3)
Although yeast SHQ1 research is primarily fundamental, structural and mechanistic yeast studies are directly used as a model framework to interpret conserved SHQ1/dyskerin biology, including disease-relevant disruptions of H/ACA RNP assembly. In particular, yeast structural results demonstrating RNA-mimicry/placeholder binding to Cbf5 provide a mechanistic basis for understanding how SHQ1 perturbations could destabilize H/ACA RNP accumulation, consistent with 2023–2024 human SHQ1 neurodevelopmental disorder reports. (li2011structureofthe pages 1-2, alhargan2023shq1associatedneurodevelopmentaldisorder pages 2-4, walbott2011thehacarnp media 3caa9278)
SHQ1 is described as required for H/ACA RNPs involved in telomere maintenance (via H/ACA motifs in telomerase RNA in eukaryotes) and also linked to pathways such as pre-mRNA splicing through H/ACA RNP function. In yeast, this relevance is indirect but arises from SHQ1’s essential role in producing functional H/ACA RNPs. (walbott2011thehacarnp pages 1-2)
Across the major yeast studies, the most consistent mechanistic interpretation is that SHQ1 is a dedicated, early-acting chaperone for Cbf5/dyskerin, preventing premature RNA association and thereby ensuring correct assembly order and quality control during H/ACA snoRNP biogenesis. Structural overlap between SHQ1 binding and H/ACA RNA binding to the Cbf5 PUA domain provides a concrete molecular basis for this function. (walbott2011thehacarnp pages 1-2, li2011structureofthe pages 5-7, walbott2011thehacarnp media 3caa9278)
The CS-domain similarity to canonical Hsp90 cochaperones has prompted hypotheses of chaperone-network integration, but yeast biochemical tests did not detect direct Hsp90 binding, suggesting SHQ1 is cochaperone-like by fold yet functionally specialized and possibly Hsp90-independent in yeast, while still fitting into a broader chaperone logic (client shielding, regulated release) emphasized in reviews. (godin2009theboxhaca pages 1-2, massenet2017assemblyandtrafficking pages 7-10, godin2009theboxhaca pages 7-8)
The following table consolidates the core functional annotation elements (molecular function, localization, partners, phenotypes, and quantitative/structural data).
| Aspect | Key findings | Evidence type | Key citations | URL |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Molecular function | Yeast SHQ1/Shq1p is an essential, dedicated assembly chaperone for the H/ACA snoRNP pseudouridine synthase Cbf5. Its C-terminal region acts as an RNA mimic/placeholder that blocks the Cbf5 RNA-binding surface, preventing nonspecific RNA binding and aggregation before productive H/ACA RNP assembly. (li2011structureofthe pages 1-2, walbott2011thehacarnp pages 1-2, massenet2017assemblyandtrafficking pages 7-10) | Structural, biochemical, review | Godin et al., 2009; Walbott et al., 2011; Li et al., 2011; Massenet et al., 2017 | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2009.04.076; https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.176834.111; https://doi.org/10.1038/emboj.2011.427; https://doi.org/10.1080/15476286.2016.1243646 |
| Domains/structure | Shq1p contains two conserved domains: an N-terminal CS (CHORD-and-Sgt1/HSP20-like cochaperone-like) domain and a C-terminal Shq1-specific domain. The N-terminal domain was solved by NMR and the C-terminal domain/complex structures show that SHQ1 forms a clamp on Cbf5, contacting the PUA domain and C-terminal extension; the C-terminal domain structure was described as a compact fold with 17 α-helices and a β-hairpin. (godin2009theboxhaca pages 2-4, walbott2011thehacarnp pages 1-2, massenet2017assemblyandtrafficking pages 7-10) | Structural, biochemical | Godin et al., 2009; Walbott et al., 2011; Massenet et al., 2017 | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2009.04.076; https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.176834.111; https://doi.org/10.1080/15476286.2016.1243646 |
| Interaction partners | The best-supported direct partner is Cbf5p/dyskerin, with strongest binding requiring full-length Shq1p and primary contribution from the C-terminal domain. SHQ1 binding is reported to occur independently of other H/ACA core proteins and assembly factors, and in vitro the SHQ1-Cbf5 interaction is not disrupted by Nop10, Nhp2, Gar1, or Naf1; prior proteomic work also linked Shq1p with Naf1p and Nhp2p. (li2011structureofthe pages 1-2, godin2009theboxhaca pages 1-2, li2011structureofthe pages 5-7) | Structural, biochemical, proteomic | Godin et al., 2009; Li et al., 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2009.04.076; https://doi.org/10.1038/emboj.2011.427 |
| Localization | SHQ1 and Naf1 are reported to localize to the nucleoplasm and to be excluded from nucleoli and Cajal bodies, consistent with a role in early pre-snoRNP assembly rather than as mature particle components. SHQ1 is also described as a nucleocytoplasmic shuttling factor in review literature. (li2011structureofthe pages 1-2, massenet2017assemblyandtrafficking pages 7-10) | Primary localization evidence, review | Li et al., 2011; Massenet et al., 2017 | https://doi.org/10.1038/emboj.2011.427; https://doi.org/10.1080/15476286.2016.1243646 |
| Role in pathway | SHQ1 functions at an early stage of box H/ACA RNP biogenesis, likely binding Cbf5 soon after synthesis to stabilize the client and regulate entry into pre-snoRNP assembly. H/ACA RNAs can compete SHQ1 off Cbf5, and Nhp2 can enhance this competition, supporting a handoff model in which SHQ1 is released before or during recruitment of H/ACA RNA and other core factors. (li2011structureofthe pages 5-7, massenet2017assemblyandtrafficking pages 7-10) | Structural, biochemical, review | Li et al., 2011; Massenet et al., 2017 | https://doi.org/10.1038/emboj.2011.427; https://doi.org/10.1080/15476286.2016.1243646 |
| Hsp90/cochaperone relationship | Although the N-terminal CS domain is structurally homologous to Hsp90 cochaperones such as Sgt1 and p23/Sba1, multiple in vitro assays did not detect direct interaction between yeast Shq1p and Hsp90/Hsp82p. This indicates SHQ1 is cochaperone-like in fold but not a canonical Hsp90-binding CS-domain protein in yeast. (godin2009theboxhaca pages 1-2, godin2009theboxhaca pages 2-4, godin2009theboxhaca pages 7-8) | Structural, biochemical | Godin et al., 2009 | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2009.04.076 |
| Phenotypes/essentiality | Yeast SHQ1 is essential, and mutations that weaken the SHQ1-Cbf5 interaction impair growth, especially at elevated temperature. Depletion or dysfunction causes unstable accumulation of H/ACA snoRNAs and rRNA-processing defects, consistent with a core role in H/ACA snoRNP production. (li2011structureofthe pages 1-2, walbott2011thehacarnp pages 1-2, godin2009theboxhaca pages 1-2, li2011structureofthe pages 5-7) | Genetic, biochemical | Godin et al., 2009; Walbott et al., 2011; Li et al., 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2009.04.076; https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.176834.111; https://doi.org/10.1038/emboj.2011.427 |
| Quantitative/structural data | The N-terminal CS-domain NMR structure used 4521 NOEs and yielded 20 lowest-violation conformers with average backbone/heavy-atom RMSDs of 0.25 Å/0.71 Å. In Cbf5 mutant binding assays, loss of the Cbf5 C-terminal extension reduced SHQ1 binding by about 4-fold, and one human SHQ1 C-terminal model relevant by homology showed strong agreement with AlphaFold2 (RMSD 1.12 Å; core pLDDT >90). (godin2009theboxhaca pages 2-4, li2011structureofthe pages 5-7, alhargan2023shq1associatedneurodevelopmentaldisorder pages 1-2) | Structural, biochemical, clinical by homology | Godin et al., 2009; Li et al., 2011; AlHargan et al., 2023 | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2009.04.076; https://doi.org/10.1038/emboj.2011.427; https://doi.org/10.1038/s41439-023-00234-z |
| Recent developments (2023-2024) | Recent work is mainly in human SHQ1 rather than yeast, but it reinforces conserved function: pathogenic SHQ1 variants cluster in conserved regions, including p.I278T in the C-terminal domain, and modeling predicts destabilization of the SHQ1 core that would impair Cbf5/dyskerin chaperoning. A 2024 study also highlighted conserved interactors and pathways including GAR1, NAF1, DKC1/Cbf5, NOP10, NHP2, and RUVBL1/2, linking SHQ1 to ribosome biogenesis and RNA processing. (gowda2024insilicocharacterization pages 1-2, alhargan2023shq1associatedneurodevelopmentaldisorder pages 2-4, alhargan2023shq1associatedneurodevelopmentaldisorder pages 1-2) | Clinical by homology, computational, pathway analysis | AlHargan et al., 2023; Gowda et al., 2024 | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41439-023-00234-z; https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_979_23 |
| Real-world relevance/applications | Although yeast SHQ1 itself is studied mainly for basic RNA biology, the conserved SHQ1-Cbf5/dyskerin pathway has been used to interpret human disease mechanisms, especially SHQ1-associated neurodevelopmental disorders and broader H/ACA RNP dysfunction relevant to telomerase and ribosome biogenesis. Yeast structural/mechanistic studies therefore provide a model framework for variant interpretation in human SHQ1. (li2011structureofthe pages 1-2, gowda2024insilicocharacterization pages 1-2, alhargan2023shq1associatedneurodevelopmentaldisorder pages 2-4) | Primary mechanistic, clinical by homology | Li et al., 2011; Gowda et al., 2024; AlHargan et al., 2023 | https://doi.org/10.1038/emboj.2011.427; https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_979_23; https://doi.org/10.1038/s41439-023-00234-z |
Table: This table summarizes experimentally supported knowledge about Saccharomyces cerevisiae SHQ1/YIL104C, including its molecular role, domains, interactions, localization, pathway placement, and phenotypes. It also notes the most relevant 2023-2024 developments from conserved human SHQ1 studies that inform yeast functional annotation by homology.
A key structural panel illustrating SHQ1’s RNA-mimicry/placeholder binding to Cbf5 is available from Walbott et al. 2011 (Genes & Development) (Figure 2). (walbott2011thehacarnp media 3caa9278)
References
(godin2009theboxhaca pages 1-2): Katherine S. Godin, Hélène Walbott, Nicolas Leulliot, Herman van Tilbeurgh, and Gabriele Varani. The box h/aca snornp assembly factor shq1p is a chaperone protein homologous to hsp90 cochaperones that binds to the cbf5p enzyme. Journal of molecular biology, 390 2:231-44, Jul 2009. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2009.04.076, doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2009.04.076. This article has 26 citations and is from a domain leading peer-reviewed journal.
(massenet2017assemblyandtrafficking pages 7-10): Séverine Massenet, Edouard Bertrand, and Céline Verheggen. Assembly and trafficking of box c/d and h/aca snornps. RNA Biology, 14:680-692, Dec 2017. URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/15476286.2016.1243646, doi:10.1080/15476286.2016.1243646. This article has 239 citations and is from a peer-reviewed journal.
(godin2009theboxhaca pages 2-4): Katherine S. Godin, Hélène Walbott, Nicolas Leulliot, Herman van Tilbeurgh, and Gabriele Varani. The box h/aca snornp assembly factor shq1p is a chaperone protein homologous to hsp90 cochaperones that binds to the cbf5p enzyme. Journal of molecular biology, 390 2:231-44, Jul 2009. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2009.04.076, doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2009.04.076. This article has 26 citations and is from a domain leading peer-reviewed journal.
(li2011structureofthe pages 1-2): Shuang Li, Jingqi Duan, Dandan Li, Shoucai Ma, and Keqiong Ye. Structure of the shq1–cbf5–nop10–gar1 complex and implications for h/aca rnp biogenesis and dyskeratosis congenita. The EMBO Journal, 30:5010-5020, Dec 2011. URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/emboj.2011.427, doi:10.1038/emboj.2011.427. This article has 64 citations.
(walbott2011thehacarnp pages 1-2): Hélène Walbott, Rosario Machado-Pinilla, Dominique Liger, Magali Blaud, Stéphane Réty, Petar N. Grozdanov, Kate Godin, Herman van Tilbeurgh, Gabriele Varani, U. Thomas Meier, and Nicolas Leulliot. The h/aca rnp assembly factor shq1 functions as an rna mimic. Genes & Development, 25:2398-2408, Nov 2011. URL: https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.176834.111, doi:10.1101/gad.176834.111. This article has 79 citations and is from a highest quality peer-reviewed journal.
(li2011structureofthe pages 5-7): Shuang Li, Jingqi Duan, Dandan Li, Shoucai Ma, and Keqiong Ye. Structure of the shq1–cbf5–nop10–gar1 complex and implications for h/aca rnp biogenesis and dyskeratosis congenita. The EMBO Journal, 30:5010-5020, Dec 2011. URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/emboj.2011.427, doi:10.1038/emboj.2011.427. This article has 64 citations.
(walbott2011thehacarnp media 3caa9278): Hélène Walbott, Rosario Machado-Pinilla, Dominique Liger, Magali Blaud, Stéphane Réty, Petar N. Grozdanov, Kate Godin, Herman van Tilbeurgh, Gabriele Varani, U. Thomas Meier, and Nicolas Leulliot. The h/aca rnp assembly factor shq1 functions as an rna mimic. Genes & Development, 25:2398-2408, Nov 2011. URL: https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.176834.111, doi:10.1101/gad.176834.111. This article has 79 citations and is from a highest quality peer-reviewed journal.
(godin2009theboxhaca pages 8-9): Katherine S. Godin, Hélène Walbott, Nicolas Leulliot, Herman van Tilbeurgh, and Gabriele Varani. The box h/aca snornp assembly factor shq1p is a chaperone protein homologous to hsp90 cochaperones that binds to the cbf5p enzyme. Journal of molecular biology, 390 2:231-44, Jul 2009. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2009.04.076, doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2009.04.076. This article has 26 citations and is from a domain leading peer-reviewed journal.
(godin2009theboxhaca pages 7-8): Katherine S. Godin, Hélène Walbott, Nicolas Leulliot, Herman van Tilbeurgh, and Gabriele Varani. The box h/aca snornp assembly factor shq1p is a chaperone protein homologous to hsp90 cochaperones that binds to the cbf5p enzyme. Journal of molecular biology, 390 2:231-44, Jul 2009. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2009.04.076, doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2009.04.076. This article has 26 citations and is from a domain leading peer-reviewed journal.
(walbott2011thehacarnp pages 8-9): Hélène Walbott, Rosario Machado-Pinilla, Dominique Liger, Magali Blaud, Stéphane Réty, Petar N. Grozdanov, Kate Godin, Herman van Tilbeurgh, Gabriele Varani, U. Thomas Meier, and Nicolas Leulliot. The h/aca rnp assembly factor shq1 functions as an rna mimic. Genes & Development, 25:2398-2408, Nov 2011. URL: https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.176834.111, doi:10.1101/gad.176834.111. This article has 79 citations and is from a highest quality peer-reviewed journal.
(walbott2011thehacarnp pages 2-3): Hélène Walbott, Rosario Machado-Pinilla, Dominique Liger, Magali Blaud, Stéphane Réty, Petar N. Grozdanov, Kate Godin, Herman van Tilbeurgh, Gabriele Varani, U. Thomas Meier, and Nicolas Leulliot. The h/aca rnp assembly factor shq1 functions as an rna mimic. Genes & Development, 25:2398-2408, Nov 2011. URL: https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.176834.111, doi:10.1101/gad.176834.111. This article has 79 citations and is from a highest quality peer-reviewed journal.
(li2011structureofthe pages 8-10): Shuang Li, Jingqi Duan, Dandan Li, Shoucai Ma, and Keqiong Ye. Structure of the shq1–cbf5–nop10–gar1 complex and implications for h/aca rnp biogenesis and dyskeratosis congenita. The EMBO Journal, 30:5010-5020, Dec 2011. URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/emboj.2011.427, doi:10.1038/emboj.2011.427. This article has 64 citations.
(alhargan2023shq1associatedneurodevelopmentaldisorder pages 2-4): Aljouhra AlHargan, Mohammed A. AlMuhaizea, Rawan Almass, Ali H. Alwadei, Maha Daghestani, Stefan T. Arold, and Namik Kaya. Shq1-associated neurodevelopmental disorder: report of the first homozygous variant in unrelated patients and review of the literature. Human Genome Variation, Feb 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41439-023-00234-z, doi:10.1038/s41439-023-00234-z. This article has 10 citations.
(alhargan2023shq1associatedneurodevelopmentaldisorder pages 1-2): Aljouhra AlHargan, Mohammed A. AlMuhaizea, Rawan Almass, Ali H. Alwadei, Maha Daghestani, Stefan T. Arold, and Namik Kaya. Shq1-associated neurodevelopmental disorder: report of the first homozygous variant in unrelated patients and review of the literature. Human Genome Variation, Feb 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41439-023-00234-z, doi:10.1038/s41439-023-00234-z. This article has 10 citations.
(gowda2024insilicocharacterization pages 1-2): Vykuntaraju K. Gowda, Varunvenkat M. Srinivasan, Sudhanshu Srivastava, Noor Ghali, Uddhav Kinhal, Asha Shamnur, and Anshika Srivastava. In silico characterization and identification of compound heterozygous variants in h/aca ribonucleoprotein assembly factor (shq1) from indian population. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 13:208-220, Jan 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_979_23, doi:10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_979_23. This article has 0 citations and is from a peer-reviewed journal.
(gowda2024insilicocharacterization pages 2-3): Vykuntaraju K. Gowda, Varunvenkat M. Srinivasan, Sudhanshu Srivastava, Noor Ghali, Uddhav Kinhal, Asha Shamnur, and Anshika Srivastava. In silico characterization and identification of compound heterozygous variants in h/aca ribonucleoprotein assembly factor (shq1) from indian population. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 13:208-220, Jan 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_979_23, doi:10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_979_23. This article has 0 citations and is from a peer-reviewed journal.
(godin2009theboxhaca pages 19-22): Katherine S. Godin, Hélène Walbott, Nicolas Leulliot, Herman van Tilbeurgh, and Gabriele Varani. The box h/aca snornp assembly factor shq1p is a chaperone protein homologous to hsp90 cochaperones that binds to the cbf5p enzyme. Journal of molecular biology, 390 2:231-44, Jul 2009. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2009.04.076, doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2009.04.076. This article has 26 citations and is from a domain leading peer-reviewed journal.
(li2011structureofthe pages 7-8): Shuang Li, Jingqi Duan, Dandan Li, Shoucai Ma, and Keqiong Ye. Structure of the shq1–cbf5–nop10–gar1 complex and implications for h/aca rnp biogenesis and dyskeratosis congenita. The EMBO Journal, 30:5010-5020, Dec 2011. URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/emboj.2011.427, doi:10.1038/emboj.2011.427. This article has 64 citations.
id: P40486
gene_symbol: SHQ1
product_type: PROTEIN
status: COMPLETE
taxon:
id: NCBITaxon:559292
label: Saccharomyces cerevisiae
description: >-
SHQ1 encodes an essential conserved chaperone/assembly factor for box H/ACA
small nucleolar RNP biogenesis. Shq1 binds the pseudouridine synthase Cbf5,
uses an RNA-mimic domain to block premature RNA engagement, and promotes early
assembly before handoff to later factors such as Naf1. The best-supported core
function is protein chaperoning in box H/ACA snoRNP assembly in the nucleus or
nucleoplasm; oxygen-dependent cytosolic relocalization is supported but is not
the central conserved function.
references:
- id: GO_REF:0000002
title: Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms
findings: []
- id: GO_REF:0000033
title: Annotation inferences using phylogenetic trees
findings: []
- id: GO_REF:0000044
title: Gene Ontology annotation based on UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Subcellular Location vocabulary mapping, accompanied by conservative changes to GO terms applied by UniProt
findings: []
- id: PMID:12228251
title: The Shq1p.Naf1p complex is required for box H/ACA small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein particle biogenesis.
findings:
- statement: Shq1 and Naf1 are required for H/ACA snoRNP biogenesis and Shq1 interacts with Cbf5/Nhp2 assembly factors.
supporting_text: "The Shq1p.Naf1p complex is required for box H/ACA small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein particle biogenesis."
- id: PMID:19426738
title: The box H/ACA snoRNP assembly factor Shq1p is a chaperone protein homologous to Hsp90 cochaperones that binds to the Cbf5p enzyme.
findings:
- statement: Shq1 is a Cbf5-binding chaperone for H/ACA snoRNP assembly.
supporting_text: "Shq1p is a chaperone protein homologous to Hsp90 cochaperones that binds to the Cbf5p enzyme."
- id: PMID:22932476
title: The nuclear localization of SWI/SNF proteins is subjected to oxygen regulation.
findings:
- statement: Oxygen-regulated localization data support both nuclear and cytosolic localization contexts for Shq1.
supporting_text: "over 120 nuclear proteins with important functions ranging from transcriptional regulation to RNA processing exhibit altered cellular locations under hypoxia"
- id: file:yeast/SHQ1/SHQ1-deep-research-falcon.md
title: Falcon deep research report on SHQ1
findings:
- statement: Falcon synthesis identifies Shq1 as a conserved Cbf5 chaperone and RNA mimic required for H/ACA snoRNP assembly.
supporting_text: "SHQ1 encodes an essential assembly chaperone for box H/ACA small nucleolar/small Cajal body ribonucleoproteins."
- id: file:interpro/panther/PTHR12967/PTHR12967-metadata.yaml
title: PANTHER family PTHR12967 metadata
findings:
- statement: SHQ1 belongs to a conserved protein SHQ1 homolog family.
supporting_text: "Family Name: PROTEIN SHQ1 HOMOLOG"
existing_annotations:
- term:
id: GO:0005654
label: nucleoplasm
evidence_type: IBA
original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
review:
summary: Phylogenetic nucleoplasmic localization is consistent with Shq1's conserved nuclear H/ACA assembly role.
action: ACCEPT
reason: Shq1 acts during early H/ACA snoRNP assembly with nuclear/nucleoplasmic components such as Cbf5.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:12228251
supporting_text: "required for box H/ACA small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein particle biogenesis"
- reference_id: file:interpro/panther/PTHR12967/PTHR12967-metadata.yaml
supporting_text: "PROTEIN SHQ1 HOMOLOG"
- term:
id: GO:0005737
label: cytoplasm
evidence_type: IBA
original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
review:
summary: Cytoplasmic localization is supported in some contexts, but it is not the core functional site for H/ACA snoRNP assembly.
action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
reason: Oxygen-dependent localization studies support cytosolic/cytoplasmic pools, while the central conserved function remains nuclear/nucleoplasmic assembly of H/ACA particles.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:22932476
supporting_text: "over 120 nuclear proteins with important functions ranging from transcriptional regulation to RNA processing exhibit altered cellular locations under hypoxia"
- term:
id: GO:0000493
label: box H/ACA snoRNP assembly
evidence_type: IBA
original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
review:
summary: The conserved H/ACA snoRNP assembly annotation is well supported.
action: ACCEPT
reason: Shq1 homologs are Cbf5-associated assembly chaperones required for H/ACA RNP biogenesis.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:12228251
supporting_text: "required for box H/ACA small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein particle biogenesis"
- reference_id: file:yeast/SHQ1/SHQ1-deep-research-falcon.md
supporting_text: "assembly chaperone for box H/ACA"
- term:
id: GO:0051082
label: unfolded protein binding
evidence_type: IBA
original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
review:
summary: The family transfer captures a chaperone activity, but unfolded protein binding is too broad for Shq1.
action: MODIFY
reason: Shq1 is a Cbf5-directed chaperone/assembly factor, so protein carrier chaperone is more informative than generic unfolded protein binding.
proposed_replacement_terms:
- id: GO:0140597
label: protein carrier chaperone
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:19426738
supporting_text: "Shq1p is a chaperone protein ... that binds to the Cbf5p enzyme"
- term:
id: GO:0000493
label: box H/ACA snoRNP assembly
evidence_type: IEA
original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000002
review:
summary: InterPro-derived H/ACA snoRNP assembly is correct.
action: ACCEPT
reason: Shq1 is a conserved H/ACA assembly factor and yeast experiments directly support this process.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:12228251
supporting_text: "required for box H/ACA small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein particle biogenesis"
- term:
id: GO:0005634
label: nucleus
evidence_type: IEA
original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000044
review:
summary: Nuclear localization is supported and relevant to H/ACA snoRNP assembly.
action: ACCEPT
reason: Shq1 acts with nuclear/nucleolar H/ACA assembly machinery, although cytosolic localization has also been observed under oxygen-regulated conditions.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:12228251
supporting_text: "small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein particle biogenesis"
- term:
id: GO:0005829
label: cytosol
evidence_type: IDA
original_reference_id: PMID:22932476
review:
summary: Cytosolic localization is experimentally observed, but should be treated as non-core relative to the H/ACA assembly role.
action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
reason: The oxygen-regulation study supports localization dynamics; it does not redefine the primary conserved molecular function.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:22932476
supporting_text: "over 120 nuclear proteins with important functions ranging from transcriptional regulation to RNA processing exhibit altered cellular locations under hypoxia"
- term:
id: GO:0000493
label: box H/ACA snoRNP assembly
evidence_type: IMP
original_reference_id: PMID:12228251
review:
summary: Mutant/depletion evidence directly supports H/ACA snoRNP assembly.
action: ACCEPT
reason: Shq1 depletion reduces H/ACA snoRNA/RNP accumulation and causes defects in H/ACA particle biogenesis.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:12228251
supporting_text: "required for box H/ACA small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein particle biogenesis"
- term:
id: GO:0000493
label: box H/ACA snoRNP assembly
evidence_type: IPI
original_reference_id: PMID:12228251
review:
summary: Interaction evidence with H/ACA assembly factors supports the same assembly process.
action: ACCEPT
reason: Shq1 interaction with Cbf5/Nhp2/Naf1 context is mechanistically tied to early H/ACA snoRNP assembly.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:12228251
supporting_text: "The Shq1p.Naf1p complex is required"
- term:
id: GO:0005634
label: nucleus
evidence_type: IDA
original_reference_id: PMID:22932476
review:
summary: Nuclear localization is supported and consistent with the core assembly role.
action: ACCEPT
reason: H/ACA snoRNP biogenesis is a nuclear/nucleolar process, and the localization study supports oxygen-regulated nuclear presence.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:22932476
supporting_text: "over 120 nuclear proteins with important functions ranging from transcriptional regulation to RNA processing exhibit altered cellular locations under hypoxia"
- term:
id: GO:0005654
label: nucleoplasm
evidence_type: IDA
original_reference_id: PMID:12228251
review:
summary: Nucleoplasmic localization is consistent with early H/ACA assembly.
action: ACCEPT
reason: Shq1 acts on Cbf5 before mature H/ACA RNP formation, making nucleoplasm a defensible functional compartment.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:12228251
supporting_text: "box H/ACA small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein particle biogenesis"
- term:
id: GO:0051082
label: unfolded protein binding
evidence_type: IDA
original_reference_id: PMID:19426738
review:
summary: The experiment supports chaperone binding to Cbf5, but unfolded protein binding is too generic.
action: MODIFY
reason: Shq1 is a dedicated H/ACA assembly chaperone for Cbf5 rather than a general unfolded-protein binder.
proposed_replacement_terms:
- id: GO:0140597
label: protein carrier chaperone
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:19426738
supporting_text: "Shq1p is a chaperone protein ... that binds to the Cbf5p enzyme"
core_functions:
- description: >-
Shq1 is a Cbf5-directed chaperone/assembly factor required for box H/ACA
snoRNP biogenesis. It binds Cbf5, prevents premature or inappropriate RNA
engagement through its RNA-mimic domain, and supports productive early H/ACA
RNP assembly before handoff to subsequent assembly factors.
molecular_function:
id: GO:0140597
label: protein carrier chaperone
directly_involved_in:
- id: GO:0000493
label: box H/ACA snoRNP assembly
locations:
- id: GO:0005654
label: nucleoplasm
- id: GO:0005634
label: nucleus
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:12228251
supporting_text: "The Shq1p.Naf1p complex is required for box H/ACA small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein particle biogenesis"
- reference_id: PMID:19426738
supporting_text: "Shq1p is a chaperone protein ... that binds to the Cbf5p enzyme"
- reference_id: file:yeast/SHQ1/SHQ1-deep-research-falcon.md
supporting_text: "essential assembly chaperone for box H/ACA"
proposed_new_terms: []
suggested_questions:
- question: What triggers release of Cbf5 from Shq1 and handoff to Naf1 or nascent H/ACA RNA during yeast RNP assembly?
experts:
- snoRNP assembly experts
- RNA-protein complex biochemists
- question: Does the oxygen-dependent cytosolic pool of Shq1 have a regulated assembly function or represent sequestration away from nuclear H/ACA biogenesis?
experts:
- yeast stress-response researchers
suggested_experiments:
- experiment_type: time-resolved assembly reconstitution
description: Reconstitute yeast Cbf5-Shq1-Naf1-H/ACA RNA transitions and monitor handoff by fluorescence, EMSA, and activity assays using wild-type and RNA-mimic-domain mutants.
hypothesis: Shq1 prevents premature Cbf5-RNA engagement until a defined handoff step promotes productive H/ACA RNP assembly.
- experiment_type: localization-function separation assay
description: Engineer Shq1 mutants or conditional anchors that selectively alter nuclear versus cytosolic localization, then measure H/ACA snoRNA accumulation and pseudouridylation under normoxia and hypoxia.
hypothesis: Nuclear/nucleoplasmic Shq1 is sufficient for core H/ACA assembly, while cytosolic relocalization modulates availability under oxygen stress.