Function
Processes
Locations
The rising CDK activity that commits the cell at Start; its targets and the SCF switch are decomposed in MODULE:g1_s_transition.
An umbrella module that composes the three irreversible, cyclin-CDK-gated phase transitions of the mitotic cell cycle into one cycle: (1) the G1/S transition (Start / restriction point), at which growth-coupled G1 cyclin-CDK releases the G1/S transcription program and SCF-dependent destruction of the CDK inhibitor commits the cell to S phase (MODULE:g1_s_transition); (2) the G2/M transition, at which the Wee1 / Cdc25 switch activates cyclin B-CDK1 and commits the cell to mitosis (MODULE:g2_m_transition); and (3) the metaphase/anaphase transition and mitotic exit, at which SAC-gated APC/C-Cdc20 destroys securin and the mitotic cyclins, separase cleaves cohesin, and a CDK-counteracting phosphatase resets the G1 state (MODULE:metaphase_anaphase_transition_and_mitotic_exit). The unifying logic is a single oscillator of cyclin-dependent kinase activity - rising from Start through mitotic entry and collapsing at mitotic exit - whose thresholds are made irreversible by positive-feedback proteolysis (SCF at G1/S, APC/C at M/A and exit) and by mutual antagonism between CDK and its inhibitors (CKIs, Wee1, PP2A-B55). Each part here is a compact summary node that names the phase-specific cyclin-CDK holoenzyme and the proteolytic switch; the detailed decompositions live in the three referenced modules. Representative members are drawn from human, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Grounded in GO:0044772 (mitotic cell cycle phase transition).
This umbrella deliberately stays at the level of the three transitions and their cyclic ordering; it does not model S-phase execution (origin licensing and firing, DNA replication), mitotic execution (spindle assembly, chromosome condensation, cytokinesis) or the checkpoint pathways that feed into each transition, each of which is or will be a separate module. The three part nodes intentionally duplicate the phase-specific CDK annotons of the referenced modules so that the umbrella page is self-contained for gene-review joins; the detailed modules are the authority on step structure. The umbrella does not use conforms_to because the conformance checker matches function-term tiers in order, which is not the relation between a summary node and a multi-part module. Deep research: no module deep-research report accompanies this file (no provider credentials were available in the authoring session; hand-writing one under a provider name is prohibited).
All recommended fields populated.
✗ none found
No MODULE:cell_cycle_progression deep-research report alongside the module YAML.
✓ every leaf node grounds to a representative protein.
✓ every declared conforms_to bundle matches its template motif.
✓ every PRECEDES step chains, or its break is acknowledged via chaining_status.
14 gene-function check(s) reflected in core functions · 0 conflict(s) · 6 evidence or coverage gap(s) (23 comparison(s))
Retained noncore functions are reported separately; they do not require promotion to core functions. Support from representative genes does not establish conservation across the whole family. Missing reviews or identifiers leave a claim unverified.
| Annoton | Participant | Function | Assessment |
|---|---|---|---|
| g1s_cyclin_cdk | PROTEIN_COMPLEX Gene |
cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity GO:0004693 |
Participant Unchecked
No direct UniProt participant to compare. Abstract selectors and complex-wide activities cannot be inferred from donor or subunit gene reviews. |
| g1s_cyclin_cdk/g1s_cdk_unit | CDK2 UniProtKB:P24941 Family Representative |
cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity GO:0004693 |
Core Supported
The GO molecular function is reflected in core_functions (exact term or a reviewed subclass). |
| g1s_cyclin_cdk/g1s_cdk_unit | Cdc28 UniProtKB:P00546 Family Representative |
cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity GO:0004693 |
Core Supported
The GO molecular function is reflected in core_functions (exact term or a reviewed subclass). |
| g1s_cyclin_cdk/g1s_cdk_unit | cdc2 UniProtKB:P04551 Family Representative |
cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity GO:0004693 |
Core Supported
The GO molecular function is reflected in core_functions (exact term or a reviewed subclass). |
| g1s_cyclin_cdk/g1s_cyclin_unit | CCNE1 UniProtKB:P24864 Family Representative |
cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase regulator activity GO:0016538 |
Core Supported
The GO molecular function is reflected in core_functions (exact term or a reviewed subclass). |
| g1s_cyclin_cdk/g1s_cyclin_unit | Cln3 UniProtKB:P13365 Family Representative |
cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase regulator activity GO:0016538 |
Core Supported
The GO molecular function is reflected in core_functions (exact term or a reviewed subclass). |
| g1s_cyclin_cdk/g1s_cyclin_unit | cig2 UniProtKB:P36630 Family Representative |
cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase regulator activity GO:0016538 |
Core Supported
The GO molecular function is reflected in core_functions (exact term or a reviewed subclass). |
| cyclin_b_cdk1 | PROTEIN_COMPLEX Gene |
cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity GO:0004693 |
Participant Unchecked
No direct UniProt participant to compare. Abstract selectors and complex-wide activities cannot be inferred from donor or subunit gene reviews. |
| cyclin_b_cdk1/cdk1_unit | CDK1 UniProtKB:P06493 Family Representative |
cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity GO:0004693 |
Core Supported
The GO molecular function is reflected in core_functions (exact term or a reviewed subclass). |
| cyclin_b_cdk1/cdk1_unit | Cdc28 UniProtKB:P00546 Family Representative |
cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity GO:0004693 |
Core Supported
The GO molecular function is reflected in core_functions (exact term or a reviewed subclass). |
| cyclin_b_cdk1/cdk1_unit | cdc2 UniProtKB:P04551 Family Representative |
cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity GO:0004693 |
Core Supported
The GO molecular function is reflected in core_functions (exact term or a reviewed subclass). |
| cyclin_b_cdk1/cyclin_b_unit | CCNB1 UniProtKB:P14635 Family Representative |
cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity GO:0061575 |
Core Supported
The GO molecular function is reflected in core_functions (exact term or a reviewed subclass). |
| cyclin_b_cdk1/cyclin_b_unit | Clb2 UniProtKB:P24869 Family Representative |
cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity GO:0061575 |
Core Supported
The GO molecular function is reflected in core_functions (exact term or a reviewed subclass). |
| cyclin_b_cdk1/cyclin_b_unit | cdc13 UniProtKB:P10815 Family Representative |
cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity GO:0061575 |
Annotation Supported
A retained annotation or curated replacement supports this function, but core_functions does not yet reflect it. |
| apc_c_switch | PROTEIN_COMPLEX Gene |
ubiquitin protein ligase activity GO:0061630 |
Participant Unchecked
No direct UniProt participant to compare. Abstract selectors and complex-wide activities cannot be inferred from donor or subunit gene reviews. |
| apc_c_switch/coactivator_unit | CDC20 UniProtKB:Q12834 Family Representative |
ubiquitin ligase activator activity GO:1990757 |
Core Supported
The GO molecular function is reflected in core_functions (exact term or a reviewed subclass). |
| apc_c_switch/coactivator_unit | Cdc20 UniProtKB:P26309 Family Representative |
ubiquitin ligase activator activity GO:1990757 |
Core Supported
The GO molecular function is reflected in core_functions (exact term or a reviewed subclass). |
| apc_c_switch/coactivator_unit | slp1 UniProtKB:P78972 Family Representative |
ubiquitin ligase activator activity GO:1990757 |
Core Supported
The GO molecular function is reflected in core_functions (exact term or a reviewed subclass). |
| g1s_cdk_unit | G1/S cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK4/6, CDK2, Cdc28, Cdc2) PANTHER:PTHR24056 Family |
cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity GO:0004693 |
Family Function Unreviewed
Family review leaves GO:0004693 UNRESOLVED. CDK7 assays and cyclin-H/MAT1 regulation support cyclin-dependent kinase activity; CDK1 and CDK2 supply other positive branches. The inventory also explicitly includes CDKL1, CDKL2, CDKL3, CDKL4 and CDKL5. The present sources do not establish that their kinase reactions require cyclin association, so the cyclin-dependent qualifier is not inferred from the kinase fold or CDK-like name alone. This is a specific unresolved regulatory boundary, not a claim that these proteins lack kinase activity. CDK5 p35/p39 regulation is not used as a negative GO:0004693 counterexample. |
| g1s_cyclin_unit | G1/S cyclin (cyclin D/E, Cln3 and Clb5, Cig2) PANTHER:PTHR10177 Family |
cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase regulator activity GO:0016538 |
Family Function Unreviewed
Family review leaves GO:0016538 UNRESOLVED. Fly CycA contributes to mitotic cell-cycle progression and cyclin-mediated CDK substrate recognition (PMID:2564316; PMID:17431409). The native CycA-PC sequence differs from the reviewed 491-residue form by only Gln66 and retains the entire cyclin domain, supporting kinase regulation for this isoform. The broader family includes cyclins with distinct partners and regulatory outputs; kinase regulation is not intrinsic kinase catalysis. The complete set with direct CDK-regulator activity is unresolved beyond these positively supported branches. |
| cdk1_unit | Mitotic CDK1 (CDK1, Cdc28, Cdc2) PANTHER:PTHR24056 Family |
cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity GO:0004693 |
Family Function Unreviewed
Family review leaves GO:0004693 UNRESOLVED. CDK7 assays and cyclin-H/MAT1 regulation support cyclin-dependent kinase activity; CDK1 and CDK2 supply other positive branches. The inventory also explicitly includes CDKL1, CDKL2, CDKL3, CDKL4 and CDKL5. The present sources do not establish that their kinase reactions require cyclin association, so the cyclin-dependent qualifier is not inferred from the kinase fold or CDK-like name alone. This is a specific unresolved regulatory boundary, not a claim that these proteins lack kinase activity. CDK5 p35/p39 regulation is not used as a negative GO:0004693 counterexample. |
| cyclin_b_unit | Mitotic B-type cyclin (cyclin B1, Clb2, Cdc13) PANTHER:PTHR10177 Family |
cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity GO:0061575 |
Family Function Unreviewed
Family review leaves GO:0016538 UNRESOLVED. Fly CycA contributes to mitotic cell-cycle progression and cyclin-mediated CDK substrate recognition (PMID:2564316; PMID:17431409). The native CycA-PC sequence differs from the reviewed 491-residue form by only Gln66 and retains the entire cyclin domain, supporting kinase regulation for this isoform. The broader family includes cyclins with distinct partners and regulatory outputs; kinase regulation is not intrinsic kinase catalysis. The complete set with direct CDK-regulator activity is unresolved beyond these positively supported branches. |
| coactivator_unit | Cdc20/Cdh1 coactivators (CDC20, FZR1; Cdc20, Cdh1; Slp1, Ste9) PANTHER:PTHR19918 Family |
ubiquitin ligase activator activity GO:1990757 |
Family Review Missing
No supported structured family review is available for PANTHER:PTHR19918. |
✓ every negative regulator described as feedback has an upstream edge closing the loop.
16 complete review(s) · 13 with deep research · 0 missing review · 3 reviewed but lacking deep research
| Gene | Review | Complete | Deep research |
|---|---|---|---|
| ANAPC2 Q9UJX6 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| APC2 Q12440 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| apc2 Q874R3 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| CCNB1 P14635 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| CCNE1 P24864 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| cdc13 P10815 | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ |
| cdc2 P04551 | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ |
| CDC20 P26309 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| CDC20 Q12834 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| CDC28 P00546 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| CDK1 P06493 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| CDK2 P24941 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| cig2 P36630 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| CLB2 P24869 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| CLN3 P13365 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| slp1 P78972 | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ |
Three cyclin-CDK-gated, proteolysis-locked transitions (G1/S, G2/M, M/A and exit) chained into a cycle.
Growth-coupled G1 cyclin-CDK releases the G1/S transcription program; the resulting G1/S cyclin-CDK destroys the CDK inhibitor through SCF, committing the cell to S phase. Decomposed in MODULE:g1_s_transition.
The rising CDK activity that commits the cell at Start; its targets and the SCF switch are decomposed in MODULE:g1_s_transition.
Cyclin B-CDK1, held inactive by Wee1/Myt1 Tyr15 phosphorylation, is switched on by Cdc25 with Polo-kinase and Greatwall-endosulfine reinforcement. Decomposed in MODULE:g2_m_transition.
The peak CDK activity of the cycle; its Wee1/Cdc25 switch is decomposed in MODULE:g2_m_transition.
SAC-gated APC/C-Cdc20 destroys securin and mitotic cyclins; separase cleaves cohesin; a CDK-counteracting phosphatase resets G1. Decomposed in MODULE:metaphase_anaphase_transition_and_mitotic_exit.
The proteolytic switch that collapses CDK activity and triggers anaphase; the SAC, securin-separase-cohesin and mitotic-exit phosphatase steps are decomposed in MODULE:metaphase_anaphase_transition_and_mitotic_exit.