Axonemal dyneins are the motors that bend motile cilia and flagella. They are attached in rows along the doublet microtubules of the 9+2 axoneme as outer dynein arms, which mainly set beat frequency, and inner dynein arms, which mainly shape the waveform. Each arm contains one or more dynein heavy chains, the ATP-driven motor subunits, together with intermediate and light chains that anchor the arm and regulate it. In Drosophila, motile axonemes are found only in sperm flagella and in the cilia of chordotonal mechanosensory neurons, so axonemal dyneins act in male fertility and hearing. Several sperm-specific heavy chains are encoded by the Y-chromosome fertility factors kl-2, kl-3 and kl-5.
Heavy chains, intermediate chains and light chains are modelled per gene rather than as single complexes, because the composition of individual Drosophila arm species (which heavy chains pair with which intermediate chains, and which are sperm- versus chordotonal-specific) is not fully established. Heavy chains are given the general microtubule motor activity term. ODA-Dnal1 and Dnali1 are members of the FlyBase dynein light chain group (DYN-LC), which is assigned to dmel_cytoplasmic_dynein_dynactin; they are added here as non-member genes because they are axonemal arm light chains by homology. Outer-arm docking complex, dynein preassembly factors and the cytoplasmic dynein light chains are not parts. FlyBase groups realized by this module: DYNA (FBgg0000379), DYN-OAD (FBgg0000380), DYN-IAD (FBgg0000381), DYNA-IC (FBgg0000386), DYNOA-IC (FBgg0000387), DYNIA-IC (FBgg0000388). Participants were generated from the FlyBase gene-group membership and mapped to UniProtKB by projects/FLYBASE_GENE_GROUPS/generate_modules.py from module_specs/dmel_axonemal_dynein_arms.yaml. Genes without a usable UniProtKB entry are grounded to their FlyBase gene ids: kl-2, kl-3, kl-5. None of the member genes has a gene review in this repository yet.
All recommended fields populated.
✗ none found
No MODULE:dmel_axonemal_dynein_arms deep-research report alongside the module YAML.
✓ every leaf node grounds to a representative protein.
✓ every declared conforms_to bundle matches its template motif.
0 gene-function check(s) reflected in core functions · 0 conflict(s) · 11 evidence or coverage gap(s) (11 comparison(s))
Retained noncore functions are reported separately; they do not require promotion to core functions. Support from representative genes does not establish conservation across the whole family. Missing reviews or identifiers leave a claim unverified.
| Annoton | Participant | Function | Assessment |
|---|---|---|---|
| oad_heavy_chains_cg3339 | CG3339 UniProtKB:Q0KI05 Gene |
microtubule motor activity GO:0003777 |
Review Missing
No ai-review exists for this protein; its function and core-function coverage cannot yet be checked. |
| oad_heavy_chains_dhc1 | Dhc1 UniProtKB:A0A0B4LH20 Gene |
microtubule motor activity GO:0003777 |
Review Missing
No ai-review exists for this protein; its function and core-function coverage cannot yet be checked. |
| oad_heavy_chains_dhc93ab | Dhc93AB UniProtKB:A0A0B4KHJ4 Gene |
microtubule motor activity GO:0003777 |
Review Missing
No ai-review exists for this protein; its function and core-function coverage cannot yet be checked. |
| oad_heavy_chains_kl_3 | kl-3 FB:FBgn0267432 Gene |
microtubule motor activity GO:0003777 |
Participant Id Missing
The participant lacks a UniProt identifier for joining a gene review. |
| oad_heavy_chains_kl_5 | kl-5 FB:FBgn0267433 Gene |
microtubule motor activity GO:0003777 |
Participant Id Missing
The participant lacks a UniProt identifier for joining a gene review. |
| iad_heavy_chains_dhc16f | Dhc16F UniProtKB:Q9VWZ3 Gene |
microtubule motor activity GO:0003777 |
Review Missing
No ai-review exists for this protein; its function and core-function coverage cannot yet be checked. |
| iad_heavy_chains_dhc36c | Dhc36C UniProtKB:A0A6H2EJG3 Gene |
microtubule motor activity GO:0003777 |
Review Missing
No ai-review exists for this protein; its function and core-function coverage cannot yet be checked. |
| iad_heavy_chains_dhc62b | Dhc62B UniProtKB:Q7KVA7 Gene |
microtubule motor activity GO:0003777 |
Review Missing
No ai-review exists for this protein; its function and core-function coverage cannot yet be checked. |
| iad_heavy_chains_dhc98d | Dhc98D UniProtKB:Q9VAV5 Gene |
microtubule motor activity GO:0003777 |
Review Missing
No ai-review exists for this protein; its function and core-function coverage cannot yet be checked. |
| iad_heavy_chains_dnah3 | Dnah3 UniProtKB:Q9VZ77 Gene |
microtubule motor activity GO:0003777 |
Review Missing
No ai-review exists for this protein; its function and core-function coverage cannot yet be checked. |
| iad_heavy_chains_kl_2 | kl-2 FB:FBgn0001313 Gene |
microtubule motor activity GO:0003777 |
Participant Id Missing
The participant lacks a UniProt identifier for joining a gene review. |
0 complete review(s) · 0 with deep research · 17 missing review · 0 reviewed but lacking deep research
| Gene | Review | Complete | Deep research |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dhc93AB A0A0B4KHJ4 | ✗ | — | — |
| CG9313 A0A0B4LG18 | ✗ | — | — |
| Dhc1 A0A0B4LH20 | ✗ | — | — |
| Dhc36C A0A6H2EJG3 | ✗ | — | — |
| ODA-Dnal1 A1Z7U2 | ✗ | — | — |
| Dnai2 M9PC80 | ✗ | — | — |
| CG3339 Q0KI05 | ✗ | — | — |
| Dhc62B Q7KVA7 | ✗ | — | — |
| Dhc98D Q9VAV5 | ✗ | — | — |
| Dnali1 Q9VGG6 | ✗ | — | — |
| CG10859 Q9VJY4 | ✗ | — | — |
| mmm Q9VS90 | ✗ | — | — |
| Dhc16F Q9VWZ3 | ✗ | — | — |
| Dnah3 Q9VZ77 | ✗ | — | — |
| CG13930 Q9W0A6 | ✗ | — | — |
| Dic61B Q9W0U9 | ✗ | — | — |
| CG1571 Q9W3L0 | ✗ | — | — |
Outer and inner arm axonemal dynein heavy, intermediate and light chains that power motility of sperm flagella and chordotonal cilia.