The citrate-malate shuttle moves acetyl units from mitochondria to the cytosol for fatty acid and sterol synthesis and for histone acetylation. Citrate made in the mitochondrial matrix is exported by the mitochondrial citrate carrier, encoded in Drosophila by scheggia (sea), in exchange for malate. In the cytosol ATP-citrate lyase (Acly) cleaves citrate into acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate, and cytosolic malate dehydrogenase (Mdh1) reduces the oxaloacetate to malate, which can return to the mitochondria through the citrate carrier or be decarboxylated by malic enzyme.
Boundary. The module covers the three FlyBase members. Mitochondrial citrate synthase and the cytosolic NADP-malic enzymes (see the cytosolic NADPH regeneration module) are adjacent steps and not parts. The citrate carrier function of Sea and the enzyme functions are assigned by orthology to the conserved mammalian proteins. The module is grounded to mitochondrial citrate transmembrane transport because the newer GO term citrate-malate shuttle (GO:7770108) is not yet in the ontology release used for validation; it should replace the concept once available. FlyBase groups realized by this module: CIMALSH (FBgg0002242). Participants were generated from the FlyBase gene-group membership and mapped to UniProtKB by projects/FLYBASE_GENE_GROUPS/generate_modules.py from module_specs/dmel_citrate_malate_shuttle.yaml. Member genes with a gene review in this repository: Acly, Mdh1, sea.
All recommended fields populated.
✗ none found
No MODULE:dmel_citrate_malate_shuttle deep-research report alongside the module YAML.
✓ every leaf node grounds to a representative protein.
✓ every declared conforms_to bundle matches its template motif.
✓ every PRECEDES step chains, or its break is acknowledged via chaining_status.
3 gene-function check(s) reflected in core functions · 0 conflict(s) · 0 evidence or coverage gap(s) (3 comparison(s))
Retained noncore functions are reported separately; they do not require promotion to core functions. Support from representative genes does not establish conservation across the whole family. Missing reviews or identifiers leave a claim unverified.
| Annoton | Participant | Function | Assessment |
|---|---|---|---|
| citrate_export_sea | sea UniProtKB:Q7KSQ0 Gene |
citrate transmembrane transporter activity GO:0015137 |
Core Supported
The GO molecular function is reflected in core_functions (exact term or a reviewed subclass). |
| citrate_cleavage_acly | Acly UniProtKB:A0A0B4LFH8 Gene |
ATP citrate synthase activity GO:0003878 |
Core Supported
The GO molecular function is reflected in core_functions (exact term or a reviewed subclass). |
| oxaloacetate_reduction_mdh1 | Mdh1 UniProtKB:Q9VKX2 Gene |
L-malate dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity GO:0030060 |
Core Supported
The GO molecular function is reflected in core_functions (exact term or a reviewed subclass). |
2 complete review(s) · 3 with deep research · 0 missing review · 0 reviewed but lacking deep research
| Gene | Review | Complete | Deep research |
|---|---|---|---|
| Acly A0A0B4LFH8 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Mdh1 Q9VKX2 | ✓ | 21/22 | ✓ |
| sea Q7KSQ0 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
Mitochondrial citrate export by Sea, cytosolic citrate cleavage by Acly and oxaloacetate reduction by Mdh1.