Cytoplasmic dyneins are multi-subunit minus-end-directed microtubule motors. Cytoplasmic dynein 1, built around the heavy chain Dhc64C, moves organelles, vesicles, mRNAs and chromosomes toward microtubule minus ends and acts in spindle assembly, nuclear positioning and oocyte polarity. It contains intermediate chains (Short wing, sw), light intermediate chains (Dlic) and LC8, Tctex and roadblock families of light chains. Dynein 1 is processive only when bound to dynactin and a cargo adaptor. Dynactin is a large complex with a short filament of Arp1 capped at the barbed end by capping protein and at the pointed end by a complex including Arp10 (Arp11), plus a projecting shoulder and arm formed by p150Glued (DCTN1-p150), p50 dynamitin (DCTN2-p50) and p24 (DCTN3-p24). Cytoplasmic dynein 2, with the heavy chain Beethoven (btv), drives retrograde intraflagellar transport in the cilia of sensory neurons.
Boundary. The FlyBase dynein light chain group (DYN-LC) also contains two axonemal light chains, ODA-Dnal1 (outer-arm LC1 homolog) and Dnali1 (inner-arm p28 homolog); they are excluded here and modelled in dmel_axonemal_dynein_arms. Cargo adaptors (for example BicD), Lis1 and NudE are regulators and not parts. The dynein 2 intermediate chains and dedicated light chains are not in the FlyBase groups and are not modelled. cpa and cpb also form the stand-alone actin capping protein (dmel_f_actin_capping_protein). FlyBase groups realized by this module: DYNA-C (FBgg0000376), DYNC (FBgg0000378), DYN-LC (FBgg0000382), DYN-LIC (FBgg0000383), DYNC-IC (FBgg0000385). Participants were generated from the FlyBase gene-group membership and mapped to UniProtKB by projects/FLYBASE_GENE_GROUPS/generate_modules.py from module_specs/dmel_cytoplasmic_dynein_dynactin.yaml. Member genes with a gene review in this repository: cpa, cpb.
All recommended fields populated.
✗ none found
No MODULE:dmel_cytoplasmic_dynein_dynactin deep-research report alongside the module YAML.
✓ every leaf node grounds to a representative protein.
✓ every declared conforms_to bundle matches its template motif.
0 gene-function check(s) reflected in core functions · 0 conflict(s) · 2 evidence or coverage gap(s) (2 comparison(s))
Retained noncore functions are reported separately; they do not require promotion to core functions. Support from representative genes does not establish conservation across the whole family. Missing reviews or identifiers leave a claim unverified.
| Annoton | Participant | Function | Assessment |
|---|---|---|---|
| dynein_1_heavy_chain_dhc64c | Dhc64C UniProtKB:P37276 Gene |
minus-end-directed microtubule motor activity GO:0008569 |
Review Missing
No ai-review exists for this protein; its function and core-function coverage cannot yet be checked. |
| dynein_2_heavy_chain_btv | btv UniProtKB:Q0E8P6 Gene |
minus-end-directed microtubule motor activity GO:0008569 |
Review Missing
No ai-review exists for this protein; its function and core-function coverage cannot yet be checked. |
2 complete review(s) · 2 with deep research · 23 missing review · 0 reviewed but lacking deep research
| Gene | Review | Complete | Deep research |
|---|---|---|---|
| DCTN4-p62 A1Z730 | ✗ | — | — |
| robl A1ZAT3 | ✗ | — | — |
| cpa Q9W2N0 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| cpb P48603 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Dred E2QCT1 | ✗ | — | — |
| Cdlc2 O96860 | ✗ | — | — |
| DCTN1-p150 P13496 | ✗ | — | — |
| Dhc64C P37276 | ✗ | — | — |
| Arp1 P45889 | ✗ | — | — |
| btv Q0E8P6 | ✗ | — | — |
| ctp Q24117 | ✗ | — | — |
| sw Q24246 | ✗ | — | — |
| DCTN2-p50 Q7K2D2 | ✗ | — | — |
| CG7276 Q7KUM9 | ✗ | — | — |
| Dlc90F Q94524 | ✗ | — | — |
| CG5359 Q9VH45 | ✗ | — | — |
| DCTN6-p27 Q9VIZ1 | ✗ | — | — |
| robl37BC Q9VJ18 | ✗ | — | — |
| DCTN5-p25 Q9VJQ6 | ✗ | — | — |
| CG3769 Q9VLB9 | ✗ | — | — |
| robl22E Q9VQA6 | ✗ | — | — |
| Arp10 Q9VWE8 | ✗ | — | — |
| Dlic Q9VZ20 | ✗ | — | — |
| robl62A Q9W0F0 | ✗ | — | — |
| DCTN3-p24 Q9W1V8 | ✗ | — | — |
Cytoplasmic dynein 1 and dynein 2 motors with their light chains, and the dynactin complex that activates dynein 1.
LC8-family (ctp, Cdlc2), Tctex-family (Dlc90F, CG7276) and roadblock-family (robl and its paralogs robl22E, robl37BC, robl62A) light chains, plus the uncharacterized FlyBase member CG5359. Which light chains associate with dynein 1 or dynein 2, and in which tissues the paralogs act, is not established for all of them.
p150Glued (DCTN1-p150), which binds dynein intermediate chains and microtubules, with p50 dynamitin (DCTN2-p50) and p24 (DCTN3-p24).
The Arp1 filament with the barbed-end capping protein (cpa, cpb), and the pointed-end subunits Arp10 (Arp11), DCTN4-p62, DCTN5-p25 and DCTN6-p27.