Glycine can be made by two routes. From threonine, mitochondrial L-threonine 3-dehydrogenase (Tdh) oxidizes threonine to 2-amino-3-ketobutyrate, which 2-amino-3-ketobutyrate CoA ligase (Gcat) cleaves with coenzyme A into glycine and acetyl-CoA. From serine, serine hydroxymethyltransferase (Shmt) converts serine and tetrahydrofolate to glycine and 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate, linking glycine supply to one-carbon metabolism. Both reactions are reversible or bidirectional in context, so the enzymes also contribute to glycine and serine interconversion.
Boundary. The threonine route (Tdh, Gcat) and the serine route (Shmt) are alternative sources of glycine and are not connected to each other. Shmt is also listed in the L-carnitine biosynthesis module as a candidate hydroxytrimethyllysine aldolase. Enzyme functions are assigned by orthology. FlyBase groups realized by this module: GLYBITH (FBgg0002176). Participants were generated from the FlyBase gene-group membership and mapped to UniProtKB by projects/FLYBASE_GENE_GROUPS/generate_modules.py from module_specs/dmel_glycine_biosynthesis.yaml. Member genes with a gene review in this repository: Gcat, Shmt, Tdh.
All recommended fields populated.
✗ none found
No MODULE:dmel_glycine_biosynthesis deep-research report alongside the module YAML.
✓ every leaf node grounds to a representative protein.
✓ every declared conforms_to bundle matches its template motif.
✓ every PRECEDES step chains, or its break is acknowledged via chaining_status.
3 gene-function check(s) reflected in core functions · 0 conflict(s) · 0 evidence or coverage gap(s) (3 comparison(s))
Retained noncore functions are reported separately; they do not require promotion to core functions. Support from representative genes does not establish conservation across the whole family. Missing reviews or identifiers leave a claim unverified.
| Annoton | Participant | Function | Assessment |
|---|---|---|---|
| threonine_dehydrogenation_tdh | Tdh UniProtKB:Q9VPE8 Gene |
L-threonine 3-dehydrogenase activity GO:0008743 |
Core Supported
The GO molecular function is reflected in core_functions (exact term or a reviewed subclass). |
| aminoketobutyrate_cleavage_gcat | Gcat UniProtKB:Q9VTN9 Gene |
glycine C-acetyltransferase activity GO:0008890 |
Core Supported
The GO molecular function is reflected in core_functions (exact term or a reviewed subclass). |
| serine_to_glycine_shmt | Shmt UniProtKB:Q9W457 Gene |
glycine hydroxymethyltransferase activity GO:0004372 |
Core Supported
The GO molecular function is reflected in core_functions (exact term or a reviewed subclass). |
3 complete review(s) · 3 with deep research · 0 missing review · 0 reviewed but lacking deep research
| Gene | Review | Complete | Deep research |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gcat Q9VTN9 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Shmt Q9W457 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Tdh Q9VPE8 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
Glycine production from threonine (Tdh then Gcat) and from serine (Shmt).