DSIF
dsif_complex
Participant: Protein Complex: DSIF
Protein Complex:
RNA polymerase II elongation complexes in Drosophila melanogaster
After initiation, RNA polymerase II pauses shortly downstream of most Drosophila promoters, held by DSIF (Spt4-Spt5) and NELF. Release into productive elongation requires P-TEFb (Cdk9-CycT), which phosphorylates NELF, Spt5 and the polymerase C-terminal domain; P-TEFb is held inactive by Hexim within the 7SK snRNP and is also recruited within the super elongation complex (SEC), which carries the ELL elongation factor Su(Tpl). The related little elongation complex (LEC) promotes transcription of snRNA genes. During elongation, the PAF1 complex couples polymerase to co-transcriptional histone modification, FACT reorganizes nucleosomes in front of and behind the polymerase, and elongin stimulates the elongation rate.
transcription elongation factor complexGO:0008023
FB:FBgg0000282
FlyBase gene group FACT: Fact complex
FlyBase release FB2026_03 groups 2 D. melanogaster genes as fact complex (FACT); this module models that group.
FB:FBgg0001639
FlyBase gene group P-TEFB: Positive transcription elongation factor complex b
FlyBase release FB2026_03 groups 2 D. melanogaster genes as positive transcription elongation factor complex b (P-TEFB); this module models that group.
FB:FBgg0001641
FlyBase gene group 7SKRNP: 7sk small nuclear ribonucleoprotein
FlyBase release FB2026_03 groups 5 D. melanogaster genes as 7sk small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (7SKRNP); this module models that group.
FB:FBgg0001724
FlyBase gene group LEC: Little elongation complex
FlyBase release FB2026_03 groups 4 D. melanogaster genes as little elongation complex (LEC); this module models that group.
FB:FBgg0001726
FlyBase gene group PAF1C: Rna polymerase-associated factor 1 complex
FlyBase release FB2026_03 groups 5 D. melanogaster genes as rna polymerase-associated factor 1 complex (PAF1C); this module models that group.
FB:FBgg0001727
FlyBase gene group NELF: Negative elongation factor
FlyBase release FB2026_03 groups 4 D. melanogaster genes as negative elongation factor (NELF); this module models that group.
FB:FBgg0001728
FlyBase gene group DSIF: Drb sensitivity-inducing factor complex
FlyBase release FB2026_03 groups 2 D. melanogaster genes as drb sensitivity-inducing factor complex (DSIF); this module models that group.
FB:FBgg0001729
FlyBase gene group SEC: Super elongation complex
FlyBase release FB2026_03 groups 4 D. melanogaster genes as super elongation complex (SEC); this module models that group.
FB:FBgg0001733
FlyBase gene group ELO: Elongin complex
FlyBase release FB2026_03 groups 3 D. melanogaster genes as elongin complex (ELO); this module models that group.
FB:FBgg0002094
FlyBase gene group PAF1C-T: Rna polymerase-associated factor 1 complex - testis-specific variant
FlyBase release FB2026_03 groups 5 D. melanogaster genes as rna polymerase-associated factor 1 complex - testis-specific variant (PAF1C-T); this module models that group.
GO:0008023
transcription elongation factor complex
GO term grounding the module as transcription elongation factor complex.
Boundary. The module groups the FlyBase elongation-factor complexes; RNA polymerase II is in dmel_nuclear_rna_polymerases. Eaf and Su(Tpl) are members of both SEC and LEC, and ear of both SEC and TFIIF, as in FlyBase. P-TEFb is a component of SEC in mammals but FlyBase lists it as a separate group, which is followed here. The testis-specific PAF1C is modelled as a variant of PAF1C because its subunits are testis paralogs of the somatic subunits; Ski8 (homolog of the PAF1C subunit WDR61/SKIC8) is listed by FlyBase in the testis variant. The 7SK snRNA genes have no protein product and are grounded to FlyBase gene ids. FlyBase groups realized by this module: FACT (FBgg0000282), P-TEFB (FBgg0001639), 7SKRNP (FBgg0001641), LEC (FBgg0001724), PAF1C (FBgg0001726), NELF (FBgg0001727), DSIF (FBgg0001728), SEC (FBgg0001729), ELO (FBgg0001733), PAF1C-T (FBgg0002094). Participants were generated from the FlyBase gene-group membership and mapped to UniProtKB by projects/FLYBASE_GENE_GROUPS/generate_modules.py from module_specs/dmel_rnapii_elongation_complexes.yaml. Genes without a usable UniProtKB entry are grounded to their FlyBase gene ids: snRNA:7SKa, snRNA:7SKb. Member genes with a gene review in this repository: EloB, EloC.
12Nodes
9Parts
1Variant Sets
2Variants
10Annotons
2Connections
Derived QC
Recommended-field compliance
100.0%
recommended fields populated
All recommended fields populated.
Module deep research
✗ none found
No MODULE:dmel_rnapii_elongation_complexes deep-research report alongside the module YAML.
Leaf nodes lacking representative members
✓ every leaf node grounds to a representative protein.
Template conformance
✓ every declared conforms_to bundle matches its template motif.
Function consistency and core coverage
0 gene-function check(s) reflected in core functions · 0 conflict(s) · 1 evidence or coverage gap(s) (1 comparison(s))
Retained noncore functions are reported separately; they do not require promotion to core functions. Support from representative genes does not establish conservation across the whole family. Missing reviews or identifiers leave a claim unverified.
| Annoton | Participant | Function | Assessment |
|---|---|---|---|
| p_tefb_complex/cdk9 | Cdk9 UniProtKB:O17432 Complex Unit |
RNA polymerase II CTD heptapeptide repeat kinase activity GO:0008353 |
Review Missing
No ai-review exists for this protein; its function and core-function coverage cannot yet be checked. |
Feedback loops (advisory, prose-driven: a regulator counts as "feedback" when its own description says so)
✓ every negative regulator described as feedback has an upstream edge closing the loop.
-
snrnp_7sk ⊣ p_tefb [input]
snrnp_7sk is a negative regulator with no upstream edge (not described as feedback) -
p_tefb ⊣ nelf [input]
p_tefb is a negative regulator with no upstream edge (not described as feedback)
Gene-review completeness (2/32 grounded genes reviewed)
2 complete review(s) · 2 with deep research · 30 missing review · 0 reviewed but lacking deep research
| Gene | Review | Complete | Deep research |
|---|---|---|---|
| ear A0A0B4KG69 | ✗ | — | — |
| Cdc73L A1Z9G9 | ✗ | — | — |
| EloB Q7KSB2 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| EloC E2QCI6 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Cdk9 O17432 | ✗ | — | — |
| CycT O96433 | ✗ | — | — |
| Nelf-E P92204 | ✗ | — | — |
| Ssrp Q05344 | ✗ | — | — |
| Ctr9 Q0E8J9 | ✗ | — | — |
| TH1 Q24134 | ✗ | — | — |
| Eaf Q7JRJ1 | ✗ | — | — |
| bin3 Q7K480 | ✗ | — | — |
| Nelf-A Q86NP2 | ✗ | — | — |
| Hexim Q8INF6 | ✗ | — | — |
| dre4 Q8IRG6 | ✗ | — | — |
| Ice2 Q8SZZ8 | ✗ | — | — |
| Atu Q94546 | ✗ | — | — |
| spt4 Q9TVQ5 | ✗ | — | — |
| Spt5 Q9V460 | ✗ | — | — |
| EloA Q9VCP0 | ✗ | — | — |
| Leo1L Q9VDP7 | ✗ | — | — |
| hyx Q9VHI1 | ✗ | — | — |
| atms Q9VN55 | ✗ | — | — |
| Paf1L Q9VQ73 | ✗ | — | — |
| lilli Q9VQI9 | ✗ | — | — |
| Su(Tpl) Q9VW51 | ✗ | — | — |
| Ice1 Q9W1R4 | ✗ | — | — |
| Ctr9L Q9W1T9 | ✗ | — | — |
| Rtf1 Q9W261 | ✗ | — | — |
| Larp7 Q9W362 | ✗ | — | — |
| Ski8 Q9XZ19 | ✗ | — | — |
| NELF-B Q9Y113 | ✗ | — | — |
Details
Context
Drosophila melanogasterNCBITaxon:7227
nucleusGO:0005634
RNA polymerase II elongation complexesProtein Complexdmel_rnapii_elongation_complexes
Pausing (DSIF, NELF), pause-release (P-TEFb, 7SK snRNP, SEC) and elongation (PAF1C, FACT, elongin, LEC) factors acting on RNA polymerase II.
transcription elongation factor complexGO:0008023
Context
Drosophila melanogasterNCBITaxon:7227
nucleusGO:0005634
Connections
Part 1: pausing and elongation factor
DSIFProtein Complexdsif
Annotons
Part 2: promoter-proximal pausing
Negative elongation factorProtein Complexnelf
Annotons
Negative elongation factor
nelf_complex
Participant: Protein Complex: Negative elongation factor
Protein Complex:
Processes
transcription pausing by RNA polymerase IIGO:0160239
Part 3: pause-release kinase
P-TEFbProtein Complexp_tefb
Annotons
P-TEFb
p_tefb_complex
Participant: Protein Complex: P-TEFb
Protein Complex:
P-TEFbGO:0070691
Active units:
Cdk9
Participant: Gene Product: Cdk9
Gene Product:
Cdk9UniProtKB:O17432
Function:
RNA polymerase II CTD heptapeptide repeat kinase activityGO:0008353
Part 4: P-TEFb sequestration
7SK snRNPProtein Complexsnrnp_7sk
7SK snRNA (snRNA:7SKa and snRNA:7SKb loci), the capping enzyme bin3, Larp7 and Hexim, which binds and inhibits P-TEFb.
Annotons
7SK snRNP
snrnp_7sk_complex
Participant: Protein Complex: 7SK snRNP
Protein Complex:
7SK snRNPGO:0120259
Active units:
snRNA:7SKa
Participant: Gene: snRNA:7SKa
Gene:
snRNA:7SKaFB:FBgn0065099
snRNA:7SKb
Participant: Gene: snRNA:7SKb
Gene:
snRNA:7SKbFB:FBgn0288809
Part 5: P-TEFb recruitment and elongation stimulation
Super elongation complexProtein Complexsec
Annotons
Super elongation complex
sec_complex
Participant: Protein Complex: Super elongation complex
Protein Complex:
Part 6: snRNA gene transcription
Little elongation complexProtein Complexlec
Annotons
Little elongation complex
lec_complex
Participant: Protein Complex: Little elongation complex
Protein Complex:
Little elongation complex
Active units:
Part 7: elongation-coupled chromatin modification
PAF1 complexProtein Complexpaf1c
Variant set: Somatic and testis-specific PAF1 complexes (One Or More)
PAF1 complexProtein Complexpaf1c_somatic
Annotons
PAF1 complex
paf1c_somatic_complex
Participant: Protein Complex: PAF1 complex
Protein Complex:
Testis-specific PAF1 complexProtein Complexpaf1c_testis
Annotons
Testis-specific PAF1 complex
paf1c_testis_complex
Participant: Protein Complex: Testis-specific PAF1 complex
Protein Complex:
Part 8: nucleosome reorganization during elongation
FACTProtein Complexfact
Annotons
FACT
fact_complex
Participant: Protein Complex: FACT
Protein Complex:
Part 9: elongation rate stimulation
ElonginProtein Complexelongin
Annotons
Elongin
elongin_complex
Participant: Protein Complex: Elongin
Protein Complex: