Glutathione-dependent methylglyoxal detoxification

A two-reaction detoxification module in which glyoxalase I converts the spontaneously formed methylglyoxal-glutathione hemithioacetal to (R)-S-lactoylglutathione and glyoxalase II hydrolyzes that intermediate to D-lactate while regenerating glutathione. Glutathione biosynthesis, methylglyoxal generation, alternative glutathione-independent routes, and downstream D-lactate oxidation are separate modules.

MODULE:methylglyoxal_detoxificationDRAFTCONCRETEMetabolic Pathwaymodules/methylglyoxal_detoxification.yaml
methylglyoxal catabolic processGO:0051596
GO:0051596
methylglyoxal catabolic process
Defines the complete glutathione-dependent route represented here.
RHEA:19069
lactoylglutathione lyase reaction
Defines reversible formation of (R)-S-lactoylglutathione from methylglyoxal and glutathione.
RHEA:21864
hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase reaction
Defines hydrolysis of an S-(2-hydroxyacyl)glutathione with glutathione regeneration.
file:projects/P_PUTIDA/deep-research/PSEPK__methylglyoxal-detoxification__ppu00620-deep-research-openscientist.md
OpenScientist PSEPK methylglyoxal detoxification synthesis
Species-aware retrieval resolves GloA and GloB as the complete canonical KT2440 route.
UniProtKB:P16635
Reviewed Pseudomonas putida glyoxalase I exemplar
Provides a reviewed same-species exemplar for glyoxalase I.
UniProtKB:Q88FF3
Reviewed Pseudomonas putida KT2440 glyoxalase II
Provides reviewed HAMAP grounding for the second reaction in the target strain.
PMID:11461144
Accumulation of methylglyoxal in anaerobically grown Escherichia coli and its detoxification by expression of the Pseudomonas putida glyoxalase I gene.
Same-species biochemical work supports GlxI-mediated methylglyoxal detoxification, although the historical locus is not tied to PP_3766.
PMID:21143325
The critical role of S-lactoylglutathione formation during methylglyoxal detoxification in Escherichia coli.
Establishes that GloB-dependent turnover and methylglyoxal tolerance can make distinct physiological contributions.

The non-enzymatic formation of the methylglyoxal-glutathione hemithioacetal is treated as input context rather than a protein-catalyzed part. GshA/GshB glutathione supply and D-lactate oxidation are satisfiability dependencies, not nominal parts. KT2440 has no identified MgsA methylglyoxal synthase, which is a boundary decision rather than a hole in this detoxification module.

3Nodes
2Parts
0Variant Sets
0Variants
2Annotons
1Connections

Derived QC

Recommended-field compliance

55.6% recommended fields populated
  • module.knowledge_gaps[0] · status (0/1)
  • module.knowledge_gaps[0] · provenance (0/1)
  • module.knowledge_gaps[1] · status (0/1)
  • module.knowledge_gaps[1] · provenance (0/1)

Module deep research

✗ none found

No MODULE:methylglyoxal_detoxification deep-research report alongside the module YAML.

Leaf nodes lacking representative members

✓ every leaf node grounds to a representative protein.

Template conformance

✓ every declared conforms_to bundle matches its template motif.

Gene-review completeness (2/4 grounded genes reviewed)

2 complete review(s) · 0 with deep research · 2 missing review · 2 reviewed but lacking deep research

Gene Review Complete Deep research
gloA Q88GF8 ✓ ✓ ✗
gloB Q88FF3 ✓ ✓ ✗
reviewed Pseudomonas putida GloA P16635 ✗ — —
Pseudomonas aeruginosa GloB Q9I2T1 ✗ — —

Details

Glutathione-dependent methylglyoxal detoxificationMetabolic Pathwaymethylglyoxal_detoxification
methylglyoxal catabolic processGO:0051596

Connections

Part 1: S-lactoylglutathione formation
Glyoxalase I reactionReactionglyoxalase_I_reaction

Annotons

Lactoylglutathione lyase
gloA_activity
Participant: Family: lactoylglutathione lyase subfamily
Family:
lactoylglutathione lyase subfamilyPANTHER:PTHR10374:SF30
Representative Members: PSEPK GloAUniProtKB:Q88GF8 reviewed Pseudomonas putida GloAUniProtKB:P16635

Function

lactoylglutathione lyase activityGO:0004462
Substrates: methylglyoxal-glutathione hemithioacetal
Products: (R)-S-lactoylglutathione

Processes

methylglyoxal catabolic processGO:0051596

Metal-dependent first committed step of the canonical glyoxalase route.

Part 2: S-lactoylglutathione hydrolysis
Glyoxalase II reactionReactionglyoxalase_II_reaction

Annotons

Hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase
gloB_activity
Participant: Family: GloB hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase subfamily
Family:
GloB hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase subfamilyPANTHER:PTHR43705:SF1
Representative Members: PSEPK GloBUniProtKB:Q88FF3 Pseudomonas aeruginosa GloBUniProtKB:Q9I2T1

Function

hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase activityGO:0004416
Substrates: (R)-S-lactoylglutathione water
Products: D-lactate glutathione

Processes

methylglyoxal catabolic processGO:0051596

Zinc-dependent second step that releases D-lactate and regenerates glutathione.