Purine ribonucleotides are catabolised to the excretory end-product uric acid through a converging network of dephosphorylation, deamination and phosphorolysis reactions. AMP is either deaminated to IMP by AMP deaminase (AMPD1/2/3) or dephosphorylated to adenosine by a 5'-nucleotidase — the cytosolic AMP-preferring NT5C1A or the GPI-anchored cell-surface ecto-5'-nucleotidase NT5E (CD73), whose extracellular adenosine is also a major purinergic signal. Adenosine is deaminated to inosine by adenosine deaminase (ADA). IMP and GMP are dephosphorylated to inosine and guanosine by the cytosolic 5'-nucleotidase NT5C2. Purine-nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) then removes the ribose from inosine, guanosine and their deoxy forms, giving hypoxanthine and guanine. Guanine is deaminated to xanthine by guanine deaminase (GDA), while hypoxanthine is oxidised to xanthine and xanthine to urate by xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase (XDH). Defects across the pathway cause disease: ADA and PNP deficiencies cause severe combined / T-cell immunodeficiency, XDH deficiency causes xanthinuria, NT5E loss-of-function causes arterial calcification (ACDC), and activating NT5C2 mutations drive relapse in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.
All recommended fields populated.
✗ none found
No MODULE:purine_nucleotide_catabolism deep-research report alongside the module YAML.
✓ every leaf node grounds to a representative protein.
✓ every declared conforms_to bundle matches its template motif.
8 complete review(s) · 0 with deep research · 0 missing review · 9 reviewed but lacking deep research
| Gene | Review | Complete | Deep research |
|---|---|---|---|
| ADA P00813 | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ |
| AMPD2 Q01433 | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ |
| AMPD3 Q01432 | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ |
| GDA Q9Y2T3 | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ |
| NT5C1A Q9BXI3 | ✓ | 35/37 | ✗ |
| NT5C2 P49902 | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ |
| NT5E P21589 | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ |
| PNP P00491 | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ |
| XDH P47989 | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ |
Purine nucleotide catabolism to urate (GO:0006195 -> GO:0034418), grounded to nine completed human gene reviews (four new: NT5C1A/NT5C2/NT5E/GDA; four already-merged cited as nodes: AMPD2/AMPD3 PTHR11359, ADA PTHR11409, PNP PTHR11904, XDH PTHR45444). Converging routes: AMP -> IMP (AMPD, GO:0003876) or AMP -> adenosine (cytosolic NT5C1A Q9BXI3 PTHR31367 / ecto NT5E-CD73 P21589 PTHR11575, both GO:0008253); adenosine -> inosine (ADA P00813, GO:0004000); IMP/GMP -> inosine/guanosine (NT5C2 P49902 PTHR12103, GO:0008253); inosine/guanosine -> hypoxanthine/guanine (PNP P00491, GO:0004731); guanine -> xanthine (GDA Q9Y2T3 PTHR11271, GO:0008892, Zn2+); hypoxanthine/xanthine -> urate (XDH P47989, GO:0004854). Most steps cytosolic; NT5E acts extracellularly (GPI-anchored, GO:0009897). Curation notes from the new reviews: NT5C1A GOA cites a transposed PMID:599155 (should be 7599155) -> UNDECIDED/WRONG_IDENTIFIER; NT5C2's single-paper E3-ligase/antiviral moonlighting flagged DISPUTED; GDA cypin/dendrite role kept non-core; the humans-lack-urate-oxidase allantoin annotations kept non-core (urate is the human end product). Diseases: ADA/PNP deficiency (immunodeficiency), XDH (xanthinuria), NT5E (ACDC arterial calcification), NT5C2 (ALL relapse; SPG45/65). GO term ids/labels verified against the local go.db; module passes structural + term-label validation.
Deaminate AMP to IMP.
Dephosphorylate AMP to adenosine in the cytosol.
Dephosphorylate extracellular AMP to adenosine.
Deaminate adenosine to inosine.
Dephosphorylate IMP/GMP to inosine/guanosine.
Phosphorolyse inosine/guanosine to hypoxanthine/guanine.
Deaminate guanine to xanthine.
Oxidise hypoxanthine to xanthine and xanthine to urate.