TreY/TreZ trehalose biosynthesis from alpha-glucan

A reusable two-reaction bacterial and archaeal pathway that makes trehalose from the reducing ends of alpha-1,4-glucans such as glycogen, starch and maltooligosaccharides. TreY (maltooligosyl trehalose synthase) rearranges the reducing-end alpha-1,4 glucosidic bond into an alpha,alpha-1,1 bond, giving maltooligosyltrehalose; TreZ (malto-oligosyltrehalose trehalohydrolase) then hydrolyses the adjacent alpha-1,4 bond to release trehalose and an alpha-glucan two glucose units shorter. Alpha-glucan synthesis and remodeling, the alternative OtsA/OtsB and TreS trehalose routes, and trehalose degradation are outside the boundary.

MODULE:trey_trez_trehalose_biosynthesisCOMPLETEMetabolic Pathwaymodules/trey_trez_trehalose_biosynthesis.yaml
trehalose biosynthetic processGO:0005992
GO:0005992
trehalose biosynthetic process
GO:0005992 provides the biological-process context.
EC:5.4.99.15
maltooligosyl trehalose synthase reaction
EC 5.4.99.15 defines the TreY glucosylmutase reaction that forms the trehalose-containing alpha-glucan terminus.
EC:3.2.1.141
malto-oligosyltrehalose trehalohydrolase reaction
EC 3.2.1.141 defines TreZ hydrolysis that releases trehalose from maltooligosyltrehalose.
PMID:8605217
Cloning and sequencing of trehalose biosynthesis genes from Arthrobacter sp. Q36
Sequence analysis identified adjacent Arthrobacter sp. Q36 treY and treZ open reading frames encoding maltooligosyl trehalose synthase and maltooligosyltrehalose trehalohydrolase, respectively.
PMID:8534970
Formation of trehalose from maltooligosaccharides by a novel enzymatic system
This historical report introduced the enzymatic system, but the cached publication record lacks an informative abstract. Mechanistic support therefore comes from PMID:8605217, PMID:8611744, and PMID:8611745.
PMID:8611744
Purification and properties of a novel enzyme, maltooligosyl trehalose synthase, from Arthrobacter sp. Q36.
Purified Arthrobacter sp. Q36 TreY converted maltooligosaccharides to maltooligosyl trehalose by intramolecular transglycosylation.
PMID:8611745
Purification and characterization of a novel enzyme, maltooligosyl trehalose trehalohydrolase, from Arthrobacter sp. Q36.
Purified Arthrobacter sp. Q36 TreZ specifically hydrolyzed the linkage between the maltooligosyl and trehalose moieties of its substrate.
PMID:10658666
Three pathways for trehalose biosynthesis in mycobacteria.
Extracts and recombinant enzymes from M. tuberculosis ORFs showed that mycobacteria make trehalose from glycogen-like alpha-1,4-glucans through TreY-TreZ, alongside the OtsA-OtsB and TreS routes, extending the module from Arthrobacter to the Actinobacteria more broadly.
from glycogen-like alpha(1-->4)-linked glucose polymers (the TreY-TreZ pathway)
file:interpro/panther/PTHR10357/PTHR10357-review.yaml
PTHR10357 family review
TreY activity is confined to the SF216 clade rooted at PAINT node PTN008498486; the rest of the family comprises other GH13 enzymes.
file:interpro/panther/PTHR43651/PTHR43651-review.yaml
PTHR43651 family review
TreZ (SF11) forms a sister clade to the branching enzymes and inherits none of their PAINT terms; it has no PAINT node of its own.
file:projects/P_PUTIDA/deep-research/PSEPK__trey_trez_trehalose_biosynthesis__ppu00500-deep-research-openscientist.md
OpenScientist PSEPK ppu00500 satisfiability review
The species-aware review evaluates the TreY/TreZ route in Pseudomonas putida KT2440 against the broader starch-and-sucrose map.
file:PSEPK/treY/treY-ai-review.yaml
PSEPK treY gene review
Q88FN6 is the homology-supported KT2440 TreY step.
file:PSEPK/treZ/treZ-ai-review.yaml
PSEPK treZ gene review
Q88FN8 is the homology-supported KT2440 TreZ step.
file:MYCTU/treY/treY-ai-review.yaml
MYCTU treY gene review
P9WQ21 (Rv1563c) is the experimentally supported M. tuberculosis TreY and the PAINT seed.
file:MYCTU/treZ/treZ-ai-review.yaml
MYCTU treZ gene review
P9WQ23 (Rv1562c) is the experimentally supported M. tuberculosis TreZ.
file:ARTSQ/treY/treY-ai-review.yaml
Arthrobacter sp. Q36 treY gene review
Q44315 is the founding purified TreY.
file:ARTSQ/treZ/treZ-ai-review.yaml
Arthrobacter sp. Q36 treZ gene review
Q44316 is the founding purified TreZ.
3Nodes
2Parts
0Variant Sets
0Variants
2Annotons
1Connections

Derived QC

Recommended-field compliance

100.0% recommended fields populated

All recommended fields populated.

Module deep research

✗ none found

No MODULE:trey_trez_trehalose_biosynthesis deep-research report alongside the module YAML.

Leaf nodes lacking representative members

✓ every leaf node grounds to a representative protein.

Template conformance

✓ every declared conforms_to bundle matches its template motif.

Function consistency and core coverage

6 gene-function check(s) reflected in core functions · 0 conflict(s) · 0 evidence or coverage gap(s) (8 comparison(s))

Retained noncore functions are reported separately; they do not require promotion to core functions. Support from representative genes does not establish conservation across the whole family. Missing reviews or identifiers leave a claim unverified.

AnnotonParticipantFunctionAssessment
treY_activity treY (Arthrobacter sp. Q36)
UniProtKB:Q44315
Family Representative 		(1,4)-alpha-D-glucan 1-alpha-D-glucosylmutase activity
GO:0047470 		Core Supported
The GO molecular function is reflected in core_functions (exact term or a reviewed subclass).
treY_activity treY (Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv)
UniProtKB:P9WQ21
Family Representative 		(1,4)-alpha-D-glucan 1-alpha-D-glucosylmutase activity
GO:0047470 		Core Supported
The GO molecular function is reflected in core_functions (exact term or a reviewed subclass).
treY_activity treY (Pseudomonas putida KT2440)
UniProtKB:Q88FN6
Family Representative 		(1,4)-alpha-D-glucan 1-alpha-D-glucosylmutase activity
GO:0047470 		Core Supported
The GO molecular function is reflected in core_functions (exact term or a reviewed subclass).
treZ_activity treZ (Arthrobacter sp. Q36)
UniProtKB:Q44316
Family Representative 		4-alpha-D-(1->4)-alpha-D-glucanotrehalose trehalohydrolase activity
GO:0033942 		Core Supported
The GO molecular function is reflected in core_functions (exact term or a reviewed subclass).
treZ_activity treZ (Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv)
UniProtKB:P9WQ23
Family Representative 		4-alpha-D-(1->4)-alpha-D-glucanotrehalose trehalohydrolase activity
GO:0033942 		Core Supported
The GO molecular function is reflected in core_functions (exact term or a reviewed subclass).
treZ_activity treZ (Pseudomonas putida KT2440)
UniProtKB:Q88FN8
Family Representative 		4-alpha-D-(1->4)-alpha-D-glucanotrehalose trehalohydrolase activity
GO:0033942 		Core Supported
The GO molecular function is reflected in core_functions (exact term or a reviewed subclass).
treY_activity TreY maltooligosyl trehalose synthases
PANTHER:PTHR10357:SF216
Family 		(1,4)-alpha-D-glucan 1-alpha-D-glucosylmutase activity
GO:0047470 		Family Supported
Family review supports GO:0047470 for PANTHER:PTHR10357:SF216. TreY activity is restricted to the SF216 clade rooted at PTN008498486; it is the function the trey_trez_trehalose_biosynthesis module selects, and it is accepted by the M. tuberculosis, Arthrobacter sp. Q36 and P. putida treY reviews.
treZ_activity TreZ malto-oligosyltrehalose trehalohydrolases
PANTHER:PTHR43651:SF11
Family 		4-alpha-D-(1->4)-alpha-D-glucanotrehalose trehalohydrolase activity
GO:0033942 		Family Supported
Family review supports GO:0033942 for PANTHER:PTHR43651:SF11. TreZ (SF11) activity, as the trey_trez_trehalose_biosynthesis module selects. It is accepted by the M. tuberculosis (IDA), Arthrobacter sp. Q36 and P. putida treZ reviews. PAINT has no IBD node for it, so it reaches genes by experiment, ISS and EC/InterPro mappings rather than IBA.

Gene-review completeness (6/6 grounded genes reviewed)

6 complete review(s) · 0 with deep research · 0 missing review · 6 reviewed but lacking deep research

Gene Review Complete Deep research
treY P9WQ21 ✓ ✓ ✗
treY Q44315 ✓ ✓ ✗
treY Q88FN6 ✓ ✓ ✗
treZ P9WQ23 ✓ ✓ ✗
treZ Q44316 ✓ ✓ ✗
treZ Q88FN8 ✓ ✓ ✗

Details

TreY/TreZ trehalose biosynthesis from alpha-glucanMetabolic Pathwaytrey_trez_trehalose_biosynthesis
trehalose biosynthetic processGO:0005992

The module is species-neutral: TreY/TreZ occurs in Actinobacteria, Deinococcus, Proteobacteria and Sulfolobus-type archaea, and the PANTHER TreY clade includes all of these lineages. Three exemplar pairs are used. Arthrobacter sp. Q36 Q44315/Q44316 are the founding cloned and purified enzymes (PMID:8605217, PMID:8611744, PMID:8611745). M. tuberculosis Rv1563c/Rv1562c (P9WQ21/P9WQ23) have experimental support from recombinant enzymes (PMID:10658666), and P9WQ21 seeds the PAINT TreY node. P. putida KT2440 Q88FN6/Q88FN8 are homology-supported, inferred from the TreY- and TreZ-specific family models. The TreY (PTHR10357:SF216) and TreZ (PTHR43651:SF11) subfamilies are used instead of their parent families: PTHR10357 is a heterogeneous GH13 family and PTHR43651 is dominated by branching enzymes, as recorded in their family reviews. The TreY step carries PAINT node PTN008498486; PTHR43651 has no PAINT node for TreZ, so none is asserted for the second step. No module-level molecular function or location is asserted.

Connections

treY_step -> treZ_step Provides Input For
TreY supplies maltooligosyltrehalose to TreZ.
Part 1: maltooligosyltrehalose formation
Maltooligosyl trehalose synthaseReactiontreY_step

Annotons

Maltooligosyl trehalose synthase
treY_activity
Participant: Family: TreY maltooligosyl trehalose synthases
Family:
TreY maltooligosyl trehalose synthasesPANTHER:PTHR10357:SF216
Representative Members: treY (Arthrobacter sp. Q36)UniProtKB:Q44315 treY (Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv)UniProtKB:P9WQ21 treY (Pseudomonas putida KT2440)UniProtKB:Q88FN6

Function

(1,4)-alpha-D-glucan 1-alpha-D-glucosylmutase activityGO:0047470
Substrates: alpha-1,4-glucan with a reducing-end alpha-1,4 linkage
Products: maltooligosyltrehalose

Rearranges the reducing-end glycosidic bond to create the trehalose-containing intermediate.

Part 2: trehalose release
Malto-oligosyltrehalose trehalohydrolaseReactiontreZ_step

Annotons

Malto-oligosyltrehalose trehalohydrolase
treZ_activity
Participant: Family: TreZ malto-oligosyltrehalose trehalohydrolases
Family:
TreZ malto-oligosyltrehalose trehalohydrolasesPANTHER:PTHR43651:SF11
Representative Members: treZ (Arthrobacter sp. Q36)UniProtKB:Q44316 treZ (Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv)UniProtKB:P9WQ23 treZ (Pseudomonas putida KT2440)UniProtKB:Q88FN8

Function

4-alpha-D-(1->4)-alpha-D-glucanotrehalose trehalohydrolase activityGO:0033942
Substrates: maltooligosyltrehalose water
Products: trehalose shortened alpha-1,4-glucan

Hydrolyzes the glucosidic linkage adjacent to the trehalose moiety and releases free trehalose.