{
 "gene": "GAPDH",
 "run_date": "2026-06-10T01:55:21",
 "timeline": {
  "current_model": "GAPDH is a tetrameric glycolytic enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative phosphorylation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate via a conserved active-site cysteine (Cys152 in human); this cysteine acts as a versatile redox switch\u2014subject to S-nitrosylation (by NO/iNOS/nNOS), S-glutathionylation (by H2O2), succination (by fumarate/DMF), alkylation (by itaconate), and reversible oxidation (by H2O2)\u2014that inactivates glycolysis, re-routes carbon to the pentose phosphate pathway, and enables GAPDH to adopt multiple non-glycolytic functions including: (1) binding Siah1 and translocating to the nucleus where it is acetylated by p300/CBP (at Lys160), trans-nitrosylates nuclear proteins (SIRT1, HDAC2, DNA-PK), and activates p53-dependent apoptosis; (2) acting as a heme chaperone delivering mitochondrially-generated heme to apo-sGC, IDO1, TDO, myoglobin, and hemoglobins; (3) binding TERC to inhibit telomerase; (4) associating with NAMPT to enable its nuclear translocation for NAD+ salvage; (5) translocating to the nucleus to facilitate DNA base excision repair via DNA Pol \u03b2; (6) appearing on the cell surface to function as a transferrin/lactoferrin/plasminogen receptor for iron homeostasis; and (7) being post-translationally modified by CARM1 methylation (Arg234) and VRK2/FBXW10-dependent ubiquitination (Ser151) to regulate glycolysis and NF-\u03baB signaling in cancer."
 },
 "narrative": {
  "mechanism_profile": {
   "molecular_activity": [
    {
     "term_id": "GO:0016491",
     "term_label": "oxidoreductase activity",
     "supporting_discovery_ids": [
      0,
      7,
      21,
      24
     ]
    },
    {
     "term_id": "GO:0140096",
     "term_label": "catalytic activity, acting on a protein",
     "supporting_discovery_ids": [
      5,
      29
     ]
    },
    {
     "term_id": "GO:0140104",
     "term_label": "molecular carrier activity",
     "supporting_discovery_ids": [
      12,
      18,
      36
     ]
    },
    {
     "term_id": "GO:0003723",
     "term_label": "RNA binding",
     "supporting_discovery_ids": [
      10
     ]
    },
    {
     "term_id": "GO:0003677",
     "term_label": "DNA binding",
     "supporting_discovery_ids": [
      35
     ]
    },
    {
     "term_id": "GO:0001618",
     "term_label": "virus receptor activity",
     "supporting_discovery_ids": [
      25,
      26
     ]
    },
    {
     "term_id": "GO:0140299",
     "term_label": "molecular sensor activity",
     "supporting_discovery_ids": [
      0,
      3,
      20
     ]
    },
    {
     "term_id": "GO:0140098",
     "term_label": "catalytic activity, acting on RNA",
     "supporting_discovery_ids": [
      0
     ]
    }
   ],
   "localization": [
    {
     "term_id": "GO:0005829",
     "term_label": "cytosol",
     "supporting_discovery_ids": [
      4,
      21,
      23
     ]
    },
    {
     "term_id": "GO:0005634",
     "term_label": "nucleus",
     "supporting_discovery_ids": [
      1,
      2,
      5,
      11,
      13,
      14,
      16
     ]
    },
    {
     "term_id": "GO:0005886",
     "term_label": "plasma membrane",
     "supporting_discovery_ids": [
      25,
      26,
      29
     ]
    },
    {
     "term_id": "GO:0005576",
     "term_label": "extracellular region",
     "supporting_discovery_ids": [
      29
     ]
    }
   ],
   "pathway": [
    {
     "term_id": "R-HSA-1430728",
     "term_label": "Metabolism",
     "supporting_discovery_ids": [
      6,
      7,
      9,
      20,
      21
     ]
    },
    {
     "term_id": "R-HSA-5357801",
     "term_label": "Programmed Cell Death",
     "supporting_discovery_ids": [
      1,
      2,
      11,
      16,
      28
     ]
    },
    {
     "term_id": "R-HSA-8953897",
     "term_label": "Cellular responses to stimuli",
     "supporting_discovery_ids": [
      0,
      3,
      16,
      20
     ]
    },
    {
     "term_id": "R-HSA-73894",
     "term_label": "DNA Repair",
     "supporting_discovery_ids": [
      14,
      35
     ]
    },
    {
     "term_id": "R-HSA-168256",
     "term_label": "Immune System",
     "supporting_discovery_ids": [
      7,
      9,
      22,
      23,
      33
     ]
    },
    {
     "term_id": "R-HSA-162582",
     "term_label": "Signal Transduction",
     "supporting_discovery_ids": [
      12,
      27,
      33
     ]
    },
    {
     "term_id": "R-HSA-8953854",
     "term_label": "Metabolism of RNA",
     "supporting_discovery_ids": [
      13
     ]
    }
   ],
   "complexes": [],
   "partners": [
    "SIAH1",
    "GOSPEL",
    "EP300",
    "SIRT1",
    "NAMPT",
    "TERC",
    "POLB",
    "TRAF2"
   ],
   "other_free_text": []
  }
 },
 "prefetch_data": {
  "uniprot": {
   "accession": "P04406",
   "full_name": "Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase"
  }
 },
 "evaluation": {
  "pairwise": "win",
  "faith_supported": 9,
  "faith_total": 9,
  "faith_pct": 100.0
 },
 "cost": {
  "total_usd": 0.274109
 }
}