{
 "gene": "SOD1",
 "run_date": "2026-06-10T07:46:38",
 "timeline": {
  "current_model": "SOD1 is a copper- and zinc-dependent homodimeric enzyme that catalyzes superoxide dismutation to O2 and H2O2; beyond antioxidant defense, SOD1-derived H2O2 acts as a redox signal that regulates GAPDH activity and NADPH production via the pentose phosphate pathway, stabilizes CK1\u03b3 to control respiration and Wnt signaling, and responds to mTORC1-mediated phosphorylation (T40) to couple nutrient sensing to redox homeostasis; SOD1 is also an H2S oxidase, is activated by CCS-mediated copper insertion and disulfide bond formation, is regulated by SIRT5-dependent desuccinylation, is targeted for proteasomal degradation by E3 ligases Dorfin and gp78, is unconventionally secreted from presynaptic terminals via a Plekhg5/Rab26/autophagosome pathway, and its ALS-linked mutations cause misfolding to toxic oligomeric (trimeric) states, mitochondrial association with impaired protein import, nuclear exclusion with consequent DNA damage, and aberrant interactions with G3BP1 disrupting stress granule dynamics."
 },
 "narrative": {
  "mechanism_profile": {
   "molecular_activity": [
    {
     "term_id": "GO:0016491",
     "term_label": "oxidoreductase activity",
     "supporting_discovery_ids": [
      0,
      4,
      16
     ]
    },
    {
     "term_id": "GO:0016209",
     "term_label": "antioxidant activity",
     "supporting_discovery_ids": [
      0
     ]
    },
    {
     "term_id": "GO:0140096",
     "term_label": "catalytic activity, acting on a protein",
     "supporting_discovery_ids": [
      2
     ]
    }
   ],
   "localization": [
    {
     "term_id": "GO:0005829",
     "term_label": "cytosol",
     "supporting_discovery_ids": [
      0,
      15
     ]
    },
    {
     "term_id": "GO:0005634",
     "term_label": "nucleus",
     "supporting_discovery_ids": [
      15
     ]
    },
    {
     "term_id": "GO:0005739",
     "term_label": "mitochondrion",
     "supporting_discovery_ids": [
      10
     ]
    }
   ],
   "pathway": [
    {
     "term_id": "R-HSA-8953897",
     "term_label": "Cellular responses to stimuli",
     "supporting_discovery_ids": [
      3,
      4
     ]
    },
    {
     "term_id": "R-HSA-1430728",
     "term_label": "Metabolism",
     "supporting_discovery_ids": [
      4,
      18
     ]
    },
    {
     "term_id": "R-HSA-162582",
     "term_label": "Signal Transduction",
     "supporting_discovery_ids": [
      2,
      17
     ]
    },
    {
     "term_id": "R-HSA-1643685",
     "term_label": "Disease",
     "supporting_discovery_ids": [
      10,
      14,
      24
     ]
    }
   ],
   "complexes": [],
   "partners": [
    "CCS",
    "CK1\u0393",
    "SIRT5",
    "DJ-1",
    "G3BP1",
    "SNCA",
    "GP78",
    "PLEKHG5"
   ],
   "other_free_text": []
  }
 },
 "prefetch_data": {
  "uniprot": {
   "accession": "P00441",
   "full_name": "Superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn]"
  }
 },
 "evaluation": {
  "pairwise": "win",
  "faith_supported": 8,
  "faith_total": 8,
  "faith_pct": 100.0
 },
 "cost": {
  "total_usd": 0.248536
 }
}