module: dmel_axonemal_dynein_arms
title: Axonemal outer and inner dynein arms in Drosophila melanogaster
label: Axonemal dynein arms
module_type: PROTEIN_COMPLEX
description: >-
  Axonemal dyneins are the motors that bend motile cilia and flagella. They are
  attached in rows along the doublet microtubules of the 9+2 axoneme as outer dynein
  arms, which mainly set beat frequency, and inner dynein arms, which mainly shape
  the waveform. Each arm contains one or more dynein heavy chains, the ATP-driven
  motor subunits, together with intermediate and light chains that anchor the arm
  and regulate it. In Drosophila, motile axonemes are found only in sperm flagella and
  in the cilia of chordotonal mechanosensory neurons, so axonemal dyneins act in male
  fertility and hearing. Several sperm-specific heavy chains are encoded by the
  Y-chromosome fertility factors kl-2, kl-3 and kl-5.
summary: >-
  Outer and inner arm axonemal dynein heavy, intermediate and light chains that
  power motility of sperm flagella and chordotonal cilia.
concepts:
  - {id: GO:0005858, label: axonemal dynein complex}
cellular_components:
  - {id: GO:0005930, label: axoneme}
parts:
  - id: outer_dynein_arm
    label: Outer dynein arm
    role: outer arm motor
    complex: false
    parts:
      - id: oad_heavy_chains
        label: Outer arm dynein heavy chains
        role: motor subunits
        group: DYN-OAD
        complex: false
        function: {id: GO:0003777, label: microtubule motor activity}
        locations:
          - {id: GO:0005930, label: axoneme}
      - id: oad_intermediate_chains
        label: Outer arm dynein intermediate chains
        role: arm anchoring and assembly
        group: DYNOA-IC
        complex: false
        locations:
          - {id: GO:0005930, label: axoneme}
      - id: oad_light_chain
        label: Outer arm dynein light chain 1
        role: outer arm light chain
        genes: [ODA-Dnal1]
        locations:
          - {id: GO:0005930, label: axoneme}
  - id: inner_dynein_arm
    label: Inner dynein arm
    role: inner arm motor
    complex: false
    parts:
      - id: iad_heavy_chains
        label: Inner arm dynein heavy chains
        role: motor subunits
        group: DYN-IAD
        complex: false
        function: {id: GO:0003777, label: microtubule motor activity}
        locations:
          - {id: GO:0005930, label: axoneme}
      - id: iad_intermediate_chains
        label: Inner arm dynein intermediate chains
        role: arm anchoring and assembly
        group: DYNIA-IC
        complex: false
        locations:
          - {id: GO:0005930, label: axoneme}
      - id: iad_light_chain
        label: Inner arm dynein light chain p28 homolog
        role: inner arm light chain
        genes: [Dnali1]
        locations:
          - {id: GO:0005930, label: axoneme}
notes: >-
  Heavy chains, intermediate chains and light chains are modelled per gene rather
  than as single complexes, because the composition of individual Drosophila arm
  species (which heavy chains pair with which intermediate chains, and which are
  sperm- versus chordotonal-specific) is not fully established. Heavy chains are
  given the general microtubule motor activity term. ODA-Dnal1 and Dnali1 are
  members of the FlyBase dynein light chain group (DYN-LC), which is assigned to
  dmel_cytoplasmic_dynein_dynactin; they are added here as non-member genes because
  they are axonemal arm light chains by homology. Outer-arm docking complex, dynein
  preassembly factors and the cytoplasmic dynein light chains are not parts.
groups: [DYNA, DYNA-IC]