module: dmel_tor_complexes
title: TOR complexes TORC1 and TORC2 in Drosophila melanogaster
label: TOR complexes
module_type: PROTEIN_COMPLEX
description: >-
  The serine/threonine kinase TOR acts in two distinct complexes. TORC1,
  defined by the substrate-recruiting subunit Raptor, is rapamycin-sensitive,
  is activated by amino acids and growth factors through the Rag and Rheb
  GTPases, and promotes growth by phosphorylating S6 kinase and the translation
  inhibitor 4E-BP (Thor) while repressing autophagy. TORC2, defined by Rictor
  and Sin1 together with Lst8, phosphorylates Akt at its hydrophobic motif and
  contributes to growth control and cytoskeletal regulation.
summary: >-
  TOR kinase complexes TORC1 (TOR-Raptor) and TORC2 (TOR-Rictor-Sin1-Lst8).
concepts:
  - {id: GO:0038201, label: TOR complex}
parts:
  - id: torc1
    label: TORC1 complex
    role: nutrient-regulated growth kinase complex
    group: TORC1
    complex_term: {id: GO:0031931, label: TORC1 complex}
    unit_functions:
      mTor: {id: GO:0004674, label: protein serine/threonine kinase activity}
    roles:
      mTor: catalytic subunit
      raptor: substrate-recruiting subunit
    processes:
      - {id: GO:0038202, label: TORC1 signaling}
  - id: torc2
    label: TORC2 complex
    role: Akt hydrophobic-motif kinase complex
    group: TORC2
    complex_term: {id: GO:0031932, label: TORC2 complex}
    unit_functions:
      mTor: {id: GO:0004674, label: protein serine/threonine kinase activity}
    roles:
      mTor: catalytic subunit
      rictor: defining subunit
      Sin1: defining subunit
      Lst8: shared regulatory subunit
notes: >-
  Boundary. Membership follows FlyBase; FlyBase lists Lst8 only in TORC2,
  although Lst8 is also a TORC1 subunit in other organisms. Upstream
  regulators (Rag and Rheb GTPases, GATOR, TSC) are modelled in
  dmel_torc1_nutrient_sensing.