FFUJ_06423 is a 342-amino-acid uncharacterized protein from the phytopathogenic ascomycete Fusarium fujikuroi (Gibberella fujikuroi). It contains a protein kinase-like domain fold identified by three independent structural classification methods: InterPro IPR011009 (Kinase-like domain superfamily), Gene3D 1.10.510.10 (Phosphotransferase domain), and SUPFAM SSF56112 (Protein kinase-like). The convergent domain evidence predicts that FFUJ_06423 functions as a protein kinase, catalyzing the transfer of a phosphoryl group from ATP to protein substrates. However, no specific kinase subfamily assignment, substrate, regulatory partner, or signaling pathway membership has been established. No experimental characterization has been reported (UniProt PE level 4: Predicted). The protein was identified from the F. fujikuroi CBS 195.34 genome sequencing project.
Q: What specific kinase subfamily does FFUJ_06423 belong to, and can sequence comparison to characterized fungal kinases narrow the substrate specificity?
Q: Is FFUJ_06423 part of a known signaling module (e.g., MAPK cascade, TOR pathway, or cAMP-PKA pathway) in Fusarium fujikuroi?
Q: Is FFUJ_06423 essential for growth, or is it dispensable under standard laboratory conditions?
Experiment: Express and purify recombinant FFUJ_06423, then assay kinase activity using radiolabeled ATP and generic substrates such as myelin basic protein or casein. Autophosphorylation can be tested in the absence of exogenous substrates.
Hypothesis: FFUJ_06423 encodes a functional protein kinase that can autophosphorylate or phosphorylate generic substrates in vitro.
Experiment: Construct a targeted FFUJ_06423 deletion mutant using homologous recombination and compare growth rate, conidiation, pigment production, gibberellin biosynthesis, and rice pathogenicity to the wild-type CBS 195.34 strain.
Hypothesis: Deletion of FFUJ_06423 affects growth, morphology, or pathogenicity in Fusarium fujikuroi.
The research report should be a detailed narrative explaining the function, biological processes, and localization of the gene product. Citations should be given for all claims.
You should prioritize authoritative reviews and primary scientific literature when conducting research. You can supplement
this with annotations you find in gene/protein databases, but these can be outdated or inaccurate.
We are specifically interested in the primary function of the gene - for enzymes, what reaction is catalyzed, and what is the substrate specificity? For transporters, what is the substrate? For structural proteins or adapters, what is the broader structural role? For signaling molecules, what is the role in the pathway.
We are interested in where in or outside the cell the gene product carries out its function.
We are also interested in the signaling or biochemical pathways in which the gene functions. We are less interested in broad pleiotropic effects, except where these elucidate the precise role.
Include evidence where possible. We are interested in both experimental evidence as well as inference from structure, evolution, or bioinformatic analysis. Precise studies should be prioritized over high-throughput, where available.
The protein under investigation, S0EDH7 (ORF name: FFUJ_06423; UniProt S0EDH7), is unequivocally identified as a "protein kinase domain-containing protein" from Gibberella fujikuroi (Fusarium fujikuroi, strain CBS 195.34/IMI 58289/NRRL A-6831), the causative agent of bakanae and foot rot disease in rice. It is annotated with kinase-like superfamily domain IPR011009. No symbol ambiguity or confusion with other genes/proteins was detected, and all evidence in this report is restricted to this protein context.
S0EDH7 is annotated as a "protein kinase domain-containing protein" based on standard protein domain identification (IPR011009). This superfamily denotes similarity to eukaryotic protein kinases, which mediate phosphorylation of serine, threonine, or tyrosine residues in substrate proteins, usually central to cell signaling, metabolic regulation, and developmental processes. However, there is no finer subfamily assignment, and no predicted substrate, regulatory partner, or specific pathway membership beyond general kinase function. No experimentally derived three-dimensional structure or catalytic activity is described in current resources (cen2021thegibberellinproducer pages 4-6).
No direct primary or review literature from 2023–2024 has functionally or biochemically characterized S0EDH7 or any close ortholog in F. fujikuroi. Instead, current understanding of kinase domain-containing proteins in Fusarium fujikuroi largely comes from broader genomic and functional studies focused on core conserved signaling modules, particularly the target of rapamycin (TOR) pathway:
- The FfTOR kinase is essential for growth and regulates gibberellin (GA) and bikaverin biosynthesis, translation, ribosome biogenesis, carbon metabolism, and autophagy. Experimental knockout of tor is lethal; rapamycin inhibition results in severe growth and secondary metabolism defects. TOR pathway architecture and upstream regulators are broadly conserved in phytopathogenic fungi, including Fusarium, with pathway variation across species (song2024thetorsignalling pages 10-12, song2024thetorsignalling pages 2-5, song2024thetorsignalling pages 5-6). See Song et al., 2024, Mol Plant Pathol, https://doi.org/10.1111/mpp.70024.
- The fusarial kinome includes many protein kinases with conserved or rewired signaling roles, but most members—including S0EDH7—remain uncharacterized beyond domain-level inference. Comparative genomics and bioinformatics confirm domain presence but do not inform biological function (lin2023bioinformaticanalysisof pages 26-28).
No real-world applications or experimental manipulations have been reported for S0EDH7. Functional kinase studies in Fusarium fujikuroi primarily rely on more conserved, experimentally tractable targets such as TOR or MAPK modules for industrial strain development, pathogenicity studies, and antifungal target exploration (song2024thetorsignalling pages 10-12).
Recent (2023) biosynthetic gene cluster analyses and kinome-wide surveys have documented the presence of numerous kinase domain-containing proteins in Fusarium species. The most functionally developed Fusarium kinase remains FfTOR, for which lethal knockout and global transcriptomics define centrality in primary and secondary metabolism (song2024thetorsignalling pages 10-12, song2024thetorsignalling pages 2-5, song2024thetorsignalling pages 5-6). S0EDH7 is included in high-level kinase gene catalogs but with no distinguishing features.
A summary table is included below to distill the evidence for kinase domain-containing proteins—including S0EDH7 and its better-understood parallels—in Fusarium fujikuroi and related phytopathogenic fungi.
| Kinase/Protein | Organism/Species | Pathways Involved | Biological Processes | Experimental/Bioinformatic Evidence | Key References (with year, URL if available) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S0EDH7 / FFUJ_06423 (protein kinase domain-containing protein; kinase-like superfamily domain IPR011009) | Gibberella fujikuroi / Fusarium fujikuroi strain CBS 195.34 / IMI 58289 / NRRL A-6831 | Unknown; only general inference to protein-kinase-mediated signaling is currently justified | Unknown; no direct evidence for catalytic activity, substrates, localization, or pathway membership was identified in the retrieved literature | No direct functional study for S0EDH7/FFUJ_06423 was found in the available literature/tool results. Annotation supports only that it is a kinase-domain-containing protein; specific function remains uncharacterized and should not be inferred beyond domain-level prediction | UniProt-derived target description provided by user; no direct paper match in retrieved literature (cen2021thegibberellinproducer pages 4-6, cen2021thegibberellinproducer pages 11-13) |
| FfTOR (target of rapamycin kinase) | Fusarium fujikuroi | TOR signaling; FKBP12–TOR pathway; crosstalk with AreA/glutamine synthetase-mediated nitrogen regulation | Essential growth control; regulation of gibberellin (GA) and bikaverin biosynthesis; translation control; ribosome biogenesis; carbon metabolism; autophagy | Direct experimental evidence: rapamycin inhibition caused drastic growth defects; tor knockout was lethal; gene expression of AreA-dependent targets changed according to nitrogen source/concentration; microarray showed TOR-dependent regulation of translation/ribosome/autophagy genes (song2024thetorsignalling pages 10-12, cen2021thegibberellinproducer pages 4-6) | Teichert et al. 2006, discussed in Song et al. 2024, Mol Plant Pathol; https://doi.org/10.1111/mpp.70024 (song2024thetorsignalling pages 10-12, song2024thetorsignalling pages 2-5) |
| TOR pathway components (TOR, LST8, RAPTOR/KOG1, putative TORC2 parts and upstream regulators) | Phytopathogenic fungi broadly, including Fusarium spp. | TORC1/TORC2; upstream FKBP12, VPS34-PLD1, AMPK/SNF1, PDK/PTEN/PKB, Rag/GTR nutrient signaling | Nutrient sensing, growth control, autophagy, translation, virulence-associated signaling | Comparative genomics/BLAST-based annotation showed conservation of TOR kinase domain architecture and many TOR pathway components across phytopathogenic fungi; pathway incompleteness in some species suggests lineage-specific rewiring rather than absence of TOR signaling (song2024thetorsignalling pages 2-5, song2024thetorsignalling pages 5-6) | Song et al. 2024, Mol Plant Pathol; https://doi.org/10.1111/mpp.70024 (song2024thetorsignalling pages 2-5, song2024thetorsignalling pages 5-6) |
| GTR1 and TSC2 (TOR upstream regulators) | Verticillium dahliae | TOR signaling; MAPK–TOR crosstalk; autophagy-linked nutrient/host sensing | Chemotropism toward nutrients and plant signals; hyphal morphology; virulence | Gene knockout studies showed abnormal morphology/hyphal growth and increased chemotropic responses; pathogenicity defects were linked to TOR-regulated autophagy dysfunction; highlighted as evidence for TOR pathway control of invasive growth behavior in plant pathogens (song2024thetorsignalling pages 10-12) | Vangalis et al. 2023, summarized in Song et al. 2024; https://doi.org/10.1111/mpp.70024 (song2024thetorsignalling pages 10-12) |
| VdTOR | Verticillium dahliae | TOR signaling | Mycelial growth, conidiation, pathogenicity, expression of cell wall-degrading enzyme genes | Rapamycin retarded mycelial growth and conidial development; RNA-seq under TOR inhibition identified DEGs involved in growth and invasion, including CWDEs, supporting a conserved TOR-regulated virulence program (song2024thetorsignalling pages 10-12) | Li et al. 2019, summarized in Song et al. 2024; https://doi.org/10.1111/mpp.70024 (song2024thetorsignalling pages 10-12) |
| SsTOR | Sclerotinia sclerotiorum | TOR signaling; cell wall integrity (via SsSMK3 phosphorylation); autophagy (SsATG1/SsATG13) | Hyphal growth; sclerotia formation; compound appressoria formation; abiotic stress response; pathogenicity | Silencing of SsTOR retarded growth and infection-related development; pathway linked experimentally to CWI and autophagy, illustrating how fungal TOR kinases act as master developmental regulators relevant to plant disease control (song2024thetorsignalling pages 10-12) | Jiao et al. 2023, summarized in Song et al. 2024; https://doi.org/10.1111/mpp.70024 (song2024thetorsignalling pages 10-12) |
| Rheb–TORC1 axis | Ustilago maydis | TORC1 signaling downstream of Rheb and TSC complex | Ribosome synthesis, autophagy repression, infection capacity | Null tor1 mutants were not recovered, indicating essentiality; gain-of-function Rheb mutants that maintain high TORC1 activity showed impaired infection, illustrating conserved but context-dependent TOR control of virulence (song2024thetorsignalling pages 10-12) | de la Torre & Pérez-Martín 2022; Yang et al. 2021, summarized in Song et al. 2024; https://doi.org/10.1111/mpp.70024 (song2024thetorsignalling pages 10-12) |
| AMPK/SNF1–TOR linkage | Broadly conserved in phytopathogenic fungi; explicitly discussed for Phytophthora infestans and comparative fungal datasets | AMPK/SNF1–TSC2–TOR nutrient/energy signaling | ROS stress response, development, pathogenicity, metabolic adaptation | Review/comparative evidence identifies AMPK homologues across surveyed phytopathogens and describes experimental targeting of AMPK kinase complex in P. infestans, supporting conserved TOR coupling to energy sensing in invasive microbes (song2024thetorsignalling pages 5-6, song2024thetorsignalling pages 10-12) | Song et al. 2024, Mol Plant Pathol; https://doi.org/10.1111/mpp.70024 (song2024thetorsignalling pages 10-12, song2024thetorsignalling pages 5-6) |
| PkhA/PkhB (AGC-kinase pathway components named in comparative biosynthetic survey) | Pathogenic Fusarium spp. | Not assigned to S0EDH7; likely signaling kinases represented in comparative domain analyses | Not resolved in the retrieved text; included as examples that kinase-encoding loci exist in comparative Fusarium datasets | Bioinformatic/domain comparison in secondary metabolite-focused comparative genomics identified kinase-named homolog sets (e.g., PkhA/PkhB), but without direct functional assignment to S0EDH7 or F. fujikuroi TOR biology in the retrieved evidence (lin2023bioinformaticanalysisof pages 28-29, lin2023bioinformaticanalysisof pages 26-28) | Lin et al. 2023, J Fungi; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof9080850 (lin2023bioinformaticanalysisof pages 28-29, lin2023bioinformaticanalysisof pages 26-28) |
| General kinase signaling modules in F. fujikuroi (MAPK, Ras, G-protein, cAMP pathway genes) | Fusarium fujikuroi | MAPK signaling, Ras small GTPase pathways, G-protein signaling, cAMP signaling | Host-pathogen interaction, metabolic regulation, development, virulence | Review-level synthesis indicates these signaling genes are involved in F. fujikuroi biology, but the retrieved evidence did not map S0EDH7 specifically to any one module; useful only as contextual inference for uncharacterized kinase-domain proteins (cen2021thegibberellinproducer pages 4-6) | Cen et al. 2020, Front Bioeng Biotechnol; https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2020.00232 (cen2021thegibberellinproducer pages 4-6) |
Table: This table summarizes the available evidence for kinase domain-containing proteins in Fusarium fujikuroi and related phytopathogenic fungi, emphasizing the better-characterized TOR pathway. It is useful for distinguishing what is directly known for the target S0EDH7 from broader cross-species inferences that can inform cautious functional annotation.
No functional or localization evidence specific to S0EDH7 is available as of June 2024. Functional inference must be considered hypothetical and should not guide experimental efforts without further supporting data. S0EDH7 remains a candidate for functional genomics or biochemical characterization in future studies.
References:
- Song et al., 2024, Mol Plant Pathol, https://doi.org/10.1111/mpp.70024 (song2024thetorsignalling pages 10-12, song2024thetorsignalling pages 2-5, song2024thetorsignalling pages 5-6)
- Lin et al., 2023, J Fungi, https://doi.org/10.3390/jof9080850 (lin2023bioinformaticanalysisof pages 28-29, lin2023bioinformaticanalysisof pages 32-33, lin2023bioinformaticanalysisof pages 26-28)
- Cen et al. 2020, Front Bioeng Biotechnol, https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2020.00232 (cen2021thegibberellinproducer pages 4-6)
Citation context:
- All direct statements about S0EDH7 are supported by absence of relevant functional/experimental literature (cen2021thegibberellinproducer pages 4-6).
- Comparative statements use the most recent literature for Fusarium kinases and related signaling components.
References
(cen2021thegibberellinproducer pages 4-6): Yu-Ke Cen, Jian-Guang Lin, You-Liang Wang, Jun-You Wang, Zhi-Qiang Liu, and Yu-Guo Zheng. The gibberellin producer fusarium fujikuroi: methods and technologies in the current toolkit. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Mar 2020. URL: https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2020.00232, doi:10.3389/fbioe.2020.00232. This article has 71 citations.
(song2024thetorsignalling pages 10-12): Yun Song, Yaru Wang, Huafang Zhang, Muhammad Abu Bakar Saddique, Xiumei Luo, and Maozhi Ren. The tor signalling pathway in fungal phytopathogens: a target for plant disease control. Molecular Plant Pathology, Nov 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/mpp.70024, doi:10.1111/mpp.70024. This article has 6 citations and is from a peer-reviewed journal.
(song2024thetorsignalling pages 2-5): Yun Song, Yaru Wang, Huafang Zhang, Muhammad Abu Bakar Saddique, Xiumei Luo, and Maozhi Ren. The tor signalling pathway in fungal phytopathogens: a target for plant disease control. Molecular Plant Pathology, Nov 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/mpp.70024, doi:10.1111/mpp.70024. This article has 6 citations and is from a peer-reviewed journal.
(song2024thetorsignalling pages 5-6): Yun Song, Yaru Wang, Huafang Zhang, Muhammad Abu Bakar Saddique, Xiumei Luo, and Maozhi Ren. The tor signalling pathway in fungal phytopathogens: a target for plant disease control. Molecular Plant Pathology, Nov 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/mpp.70024, doi:10.1111/mpp.70024. This article has 6 citations and is from a peer-reviewed journal.
(lin2023bioinformaticanalysisof pages 26-28): Chao Lin, Xi-long Feng, Yu Liu, Zhao-chen Li, Xiu-Zhang Li, and Jianzhao Qi. Bioinformatic analysis of secondary metabolite biosynthetic potential in pathogenic fusarium. Journal of Fungi, 9:850, Aug 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/jof9080850, doi:10.3390/jof9080850. This article has 30 citations.
(cen2021thegibberellinproducer pages 11-13): Yu-Ke Cen, Jian-Guang Lin, You-Liang Wang, Jun-You Wang, Zhi-Qiang Liu, and Yu-Guo Zheng. The gibberellin producer fusarium fujikuroi: methods and technologies in the current toolkit. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Mar 2020. URL: https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2020.00232, doi:10.3389/fbioe.2020.00232. This article has 71 citations.
(lin2023bioinformaticanalysisof pages 28-29): Chao Lin, Xi-long Feng, Yu Liu, Zhao-chen Li, Xiu-Zhang Li, and Jianzhao Qi. Bioinformatic analysis of secondary metabolite biosynthetic potential in pathogenic fusarium. Journal of Fungi, 9:850, Aug 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/jof9080850, doi:10.3390/jof9080850. This article has 30 citations.
(lin2023bioinformaticanalysisof pages 32-33): Chao Lin, Xi-long Feng, Yu Liu, Zhao-chen Li, Xiu-Zhang Li, and Jianzhao Qi. Bioinformatic analysis of secondary metabolite biosynthetic potential in pathogenic fusarium. Journal of Fungi, 9:850, Aug 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/jof9080850, doi:10.3390/jof9080850. This article has 30 citations.
id: S0EDH7
gene_symbol: S0EDH7
product_type: PROTEIN
status: DRAFT
taxon:
id: NCBITaxon:1279085
label: Gibberella fujikuroi (strain CBS 195.34 / IMI 58289 / NRRL A-6831)
description: >-
FFUJ_06423 is a 342-amino-acid uncharacterized protein from the phytopathogenic
ascomycete Fusarium fujikuroi (Gibberella fujikuroi). It contains a protein
kinase-like domain fold identified by three independent structural classification
methods: InterPro IPR011009 (Kinase-like domain superfamily), Gene3D 1.10.510.10
(Phosphotransferase domain), and SUPFAM SSF56112 (Protein kinase-like). The
convergent domain evidence predicts that FFUJ_06423 functions as a protein kinase,
catalyzing the transfer of a phosphoryl group from ATP to protein substrates.
However, no specific kinase subfamily assignment, substrate, regulatory partner,
or signaling pathway membership has been established. No experimental
characterization has been reported (UniProt PE level 4: Predicted). The protein
was identified from the F. fujikuroi CBS 195.34 genome sequencing project.
references:
- id: PMID:23825955
title: >-
Deciphering the cryptic genome: genome-wide analyses of the rice pathogen
Fusarium fujikuroi reveal complex regulation of secondary metabolism and
novel metabolites
existing_annotations: []
core_functions:
- description: >-
Based on the presence of a kinase-like domain fold (InterPro IPR011009,
Gene3D 1.10.510.10, SUPFAM SSF56112), FFUJ_06423 is predicted to function
as a protein kinase that catalyzes the phosphorylation of protein substrates
using ATP as the phosphoryl group donor. No specific kinase subfamily or
substrate has been determined.
molecular_function:
id: GO:0004672
label: protein kinase activity
directly_involved_in:
- id: GO:0006468
label: protein phosphorylation
supported_by:
- reference_id: file:GIBF5/S0EDH7/S0EDH7-uniprot.txt
supporting_text: >-
InterPro; IPR011009; Kinase-like_dom_sf. Gene3D; 1.10.510.10;
Transferase(Phosphotransferase) domain 1; 1. SUPFAM; SSF56112;
Protein kinase-like (PK-like); 1.
- reference_id: file:GIBF5/S0EDH7/S0EDH7-protnlm-predictions-review.yaml
supporting_text: >-
ProtNLM2 predicted protein phosphorylation (GO:0006468) and ATP binding
(GO:0005524), both assessed as COR (correct novel) based on convergent
domain evidence
suggested_questions:
- question: >-
What specific kinase subfamily does FFUJ_06423 belong to, and can sequence
comparison to characterized fungal kinases narrow the substrate specificity?
- question: >-
Is FFUJ_06423 part of a known signaling module (e.g., MAPK cascade, TOR
pathway, or cAMP-PKA pathway) in Fusarium fujikuroi?
- question: >-
Is FFUJ_06423 essential for growth, or is it dispensable under standard
laboratory conditions?
suggested_experiments:
- hypothesis: >-
FFUJ_06423 encodes a functional protein kinase that can autophosphorylate
or phosphorylate generic substrates in vitro.
description: >-
Express and purify recombinant FFUJ_06423, then assay kinase activity using
radiolabeled ATP and generic substrates such as myelin basic protein or casein.
Autophosphorylation can be tested in the absence of exogenous substrates.
- hypothesis: >-
Deletion of FFUJ_06423 affects growth, morphology, or pathogenicity in
Fusarium fujikuroi.
description: >-
Construct a targeted FFUJ_06423 deletion mutant using homologous recombination
and compare growth rate, conidiation, pigment production, gibberellin
biosynthesis, and rice pathogenicity to the wild-type CBS 195.34 strain.