Ligand gap check: results

Ligand gap check: results

Generated by scripts/ligand_gap_check.py and scripts/triage.py; do not edit by hand.
GO version: releases/2026-07-26. GAFs: current.geneontology.org at run time.

Pathway terms per organism

Organism Pathway terms used No ligand gene Ligand-activity genes Ligand genes in no signaling term
human 237 78 571 22
mouse 234 86 602 48
rat 231 79 547 46
zebrafish 145 91 431 62
fly 74 39 117 1
yeast 6 6 4 0
pombe 4 4 4 0

Failures by triage category

Category human mouse rat zebrafish fly yeast pombe
A: ligand counterpart not on the pathway 11 10 13 29 5 0 0
B: ligand counterpart only on a related pathway term 8 9 9 7 1 0 0
C: ligand counterpart on the pathway but lacks a ligand-activity MF 4 4 4 8 2 0 0
N: no same-symbol ligand counterpart annotated 0 5 1 7 0 0 0
U: no donor ligand available 3 7 7 1 4 6 2
X: no protein ligand expected (small molecule, light, microbial) 37 40 34 29 17 0 1
Y: antigen, contact or ligand-independent 11 11 11 10 4 0 0
O: suspect over-annotation 0 0 0 0 6 0 0
G: misapplied or generic term 4 0 0 0 0 0 1

Curation candidates (categories A, B, C)

Organism Term Category Ligand lookups
human netrin-activated signaling pathway (GO:0038007) A NTN1: A; NTN3: A
human apolipoprotein A-I-mediated signaling pathway (GO:0038027) A APOA1: A (ligand MF)
human interleukin-22-mediated signaling pathway (GO:0140865) A IL22: A (ligand MF)
human complement component C5a signaling pathway (GO:0038178) A C5: A (ligand MF)
human Fas signaling pathway (GO:0036337) A FASLG: A (ligand MF)
human thyroid-stimulating hormone signaling pathway (GO:0038194) A CGA: A (ligand MF); TSHB: A (ligand MF)
human interleukin-21-mediated signaling pathway (GO:0038114) A IL21: A
human Kit signaling pathway (GO:0038109) A KITLG: A (ligand MF)
human interleukin-8-mediated signaling pathway (GO:0038112) A CXCL8: A (ligand MF)
human bombesin receptor signaling pathway (GO:0031989) A GRP: A (ligand MF); NMB: A (ligand MF)
human macrophage migration inhibitory factor signaling pathway (GO:0035691) A MIF: A (ligand MF)
human phospholipase C-activating angiotensin-activated signaling pathway (GO:0086097) B AGT: B (ligand MF) on angiotensin-activated signaling pathway
human galanin-activated signaling pathway (GO:0090663) B GAL: B (ligand MF) on neuropeptide signaling pathway; GALP: A (ligand MF)
human vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 signaling pathway (GO:0036323) B PGF: B (ligand MF) on vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway; VEGFA: B (ligand MF) on positive regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis by VEGF-activated vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway; VEGFB: B (ligand MF) on vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway
human Notch signaling involved in heart development (GO:0061314) B DLL4: B (ligand MF) on Notch signaling pathway; JAG1: B (ligand MF) on Notch signaling pathway
human fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in negative regulation of apoptotic process in bone marrow cell (GO:0035602) B FGF10: B (ligand MF) on fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway; FGF2: B (ligand MF) on fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway; FGF8: B (ligand MF) on fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway
human adenylate cyclase-inhibiting opioid receptor signaling pathway (GO:0031635) B PDYN: A (ligand MF); PENK: B (ligand MF) on G protein-coupled opioid receptor signaling pathway; POMC: B (ligand MF) on adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway
human vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 signaling pathway (GO:0036325) B VEGFC: B (ligand MF) on vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway; VEGFD: B (ligand MF) on vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway
human phospholipase C-activating endothelin receptor signaling pathway (GO:0160135) B EDN1: B (ligand MF) on endothelin receptor signaling pathway; EDN2: B (ligand MF) on endothelin receptor signaling pathway; EDN3: A (ligand MF)
human collagen-activated signaling pathway (GO:0038065) C COL1A1: A; COL4A2: C
human collagen-activated tyrosine kinase receptor signaling pathway (GO:0038063) C COL1A1: A; COL4A2: C
human interleukin-34-mediated signaling pathway (GO:0061514) C IL34: C
human fibroblast growth factor receptor apoptotic signaling pathway (GO:1902178) C FGF2: B (ligand MF) on fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway; FGF8: B (ligand MF) on fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway; FGFR3: C
mouse G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger (GO:0007187) A Agt: A (ligand MF); Ccl2: A (ligand MF); Npy: A (ligand MF)
mouse G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway (GO:0007213) A Agrn: A (ligand MF)
mouse netrin-activated signaling pathway (GO:0038007) A Ntn1: A; Ntn3: A
mouse apolipoprotein A-I-mediated signaling pathway (GO:0038027) A Apoa1: A (ligand MF)
mouse brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway (GO:0031547) A Bdnf: A (ligand MF)
mouse bombesin receptor signaling pathway (GO:0031989) A Grp: A (ligand MF); Nmb: A (ligand MF)
mouse G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway coupled to cGMP nucleotide second messenger (GO:0007199) A Agt: A (ligand MF)
mouse interleukin-22-mediated signaling pathway (GO:0140865) A Il22: A (ligand MF)
mouse thyroid-stimulating hormone signaling pathway (GO:0038194) A Cga: A (ligand MF); Tshb: A (ligand MF)
mouse macrophage migration inhibitory factor signaling pathway (GO:0035691) A Mif: A (ligand MF)
mouse phospholipase C-activating angiotensin-activated signaling pathway (GO:0086097) B Agt: B (ligand MF) on angiotensin-activated signaling pathway
mouse galanin-activated signaling pathway (GO:0090663) B Gal: B (ligand MF) on neuropeptide signaling pathway; Galp: A (ligand MF)
mouse adenylate cyclase-inhibiting opioid receptor signaling pathway (GO:0031635) B Pdyn: A (ligand MF); Penk: B (ligand MF) on G protein-coupled opioid receptor signaling pathway; Pomc: B (ligand MF) on adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway
mouse positive regulation of MAPKKK cascade by fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway (GO:0090080) B Fgf15: B (ligand MF) on fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway; Fgf21: B (ligand MF) on fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway; Fgf23: B (ligand MF) on fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway
mouse vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 signaling pathway (GO:0036323) B Pgf: B (ligand MF) on vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway; Vegfa: B (ligand MF) on positive regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis by VEGF-activated vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway; Vegfb: B (ligand MF) on vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway
mouse Notch signaling involved in heart development (GO:0061314) B Dll4: B (ligand MF) on Notch signaling pathway; Jag1: B (ligand MF) on Notch signaling pathway
mouse fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in negative regulation of apoptotic process in bone marrow cell (GO:0035602) B Fgf10: B (ligand MF) on fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway; Fgf2: B (ligand MF) on fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway; Fgf8: B (ligand MF) on fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway
mouse vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 signaling pathway (GO:0036325) B Vegfc: B (ligand MF) on vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway; Vegfd: B (ligand MF) on vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway
mouse phospholipase C-activating endothelin receptor signaling pathway (GO:0160135) B Edn1: B (ligand MF) on endothelin receptor signaling pathway; Edn2: B (ligand MF) on endothelin receptor signaling pathway; Edn3: A (ligand MF)
mouse collagen-activated signaling pathway (GO:0038065) C Col1a1: A; Col4a2: C
mouse collagen-activated tyrosine kinase receptor signaling pathway (GO:0038063) C Col1a1: A; Col4a2: C
mouse interleukin-34-mediated signaling pathway (GO:0061514) C Il34: C
mouse fibroblast growth factor receptor apoptotic signaling pathway (GO:1902178) C Fgf2: B (ligand MF) on fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway; Fgf8: B (ligand MF) on fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway; Fgfr3: C
rat G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger (GO:0007187) A Agt: A (ligand MF); Ccl2: A (ligand MF); Npy: A (ligand MF)
rat G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway (GO:0007213) A Agrn: A (ligand MF)
rat netrin-activated signaling pathway (GO:0038007) A Ntn1: A; Ntn3: A
rat apolipoprotein A-I-mediated signaling pathway (GO:0038027) A Apoa1: A (ligand MF)
rat brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway (GO:0031547) A Bdnf: A (ligand MF)
rat G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway coupled to cGMP nucleotide second messenger (GO:0007199) A Agt: A (ligand MF)
rat complement component C5a signaling pathway (GO:0038178) A C5: A (ligand MF)
rat Fas signaling pathway (GO:0036337) A Faslg: A (ligand MF)
rat bombesin receptor signaling pathway (GO:0031989) A Grp: A (ligand MF); Nmb: A (ligand MF)
rat interleukin-22-mediated signaling pathway (GO:0140865) A Il22: A (ligand MF)
rat Kit signaling pathway (GO:0038109) A Kitlg: A (ligand MF)
rat thyroid-stimulating hormone signaling pathway (GO:0038194) A Cga: A (ligand MF); Tshb: A (ligand MF)
rat macrophage migration inhibitory factor signaling pathway (GO:0035691) A Mif: A (ligand MF)
rat phospholipase C-activating angiotensin-activated signaling pathway (GO:0086097) B Agt: B (ligand MF) on angiotensin-activated signaling pathway
rat galanin-activated signaling pathway (GO:0090663) B Gal: B (ligand MF) on neuropeptide signaling pathway; Galp: A (ligand MF)
rat Notch signaling involved in heart development (GO:0061314) B Dll4: B (ligand MF) on Notch signaling pathway; Jag1: B (ligand MF) on Notch signaling pathway
rat adenylate cyclase-inhibiting opioid receptor signaling pathway (GO:0031635) B Pdyn: A (ligand MF); Penk: B (ligand MF) on G protein-coupled opioid receptor signaling pathway; Pomc: B (ligand MF) on adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway
rat vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 signaling pathway (GO:0036323) B Pgf: B (ligand MF) on vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway; Vegfa: B (ligand MF) on positive regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis by VEGF-activated vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway; Vegfb: B (ligand MF) on vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway
rat fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in negative regulation of apoptotic process in bone marrow cell (GO:0035602) B Fgf10: B (ligand MF) on fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway; Fgf2: B (ligand MF) on fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway; Fgf8: B (ligand MF) on fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway
rat vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 signaling pathway (GO:0036325) B Vegfc: B (ligand MF) on vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway; Vegfd: B (ligand MF) on vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway
rat phospholipase C-activating endothelin receptor signaling pathway (GO:0160135) B Edn1: B (ligand MF) on endothelin receptor signaling pathway; Edn2: B (ligand MF) on endothelin receptor signaling pathway; Edn3: A (ligand MF)
rat platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha signaling pathway (GO:0035790) B Pdgfa: B (ligand MF) on platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway
rat collagen-activated signaling pathway (GO:0038065) C Col1a1: A; Col4a2: C
rat collagen-activated tyrosine kinase receptor signaling pathway (GO:0038063) C Col1a1: A; Col4a2: C
rat interleukin-34-mediated signaling pathway (GO:0061514) C Il34: C
rat urokinase plasminogen activator signaling pathway (GO:0038195) C Plau: A (ligand MF); Slurp1: C
zebrafish phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway (GO:0007200) A agt: A; calca: A (ligand MF); ccka: A (ligand MF); cckb: A (ligand MF); edn2: A (ligand MF); hcrt: A (ligand MF); il2: A; kiss1: A; nmu: A; tac1: A
zebrafish G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger (GO:0007187) A agt: A; npy: A (ligand MF)
zebrafish insulin receptor signaling pathway (GO:0008286) A igf1: A (ligand MF); igf2b: A (ligand MF); igf2a: A (ligand MF); insb: A (ligand MF); ins: A (ligand MF)
zebrafish tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway (GO:0033209) A tnfa: A (ligand MF); tnfb: A (ligand MF); tnfsf11: A (ligand MF); tnfsf13b: A (ligand MF)
zebrafish G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway (GO:0007213) A agrn: A
zebrafish lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway (GO:0031663) A il1b: A (ligand MF); tnfa: A (ligand MF); tnfb: A (ligand MF)
zebrafish G protein-coupled opioid receptor signaling pathway (GO:0038003) A penkb: A (ligand MF); penka: A (ligand MF)
zebrafish netrin-activated signaling pathway (GO:0038007) A ntn1b: A; ntn1a: A
zebrafish endothelin receptor signaling pathway (GO:0086100) A edn1: A (ligand MF); edn2: A (ligand MF)
zebrafish collagen-activated tyrosine kinase receptor signaling pathway (GO:0038063) A col1a1b: A; col1a1a: A; col4a2: A
zebrafish interleukin-15-mediated signaling pathway (GO:0035723) A il15: A (ligand MF)
zebrafish thyroid-stimulating hormone signaling pathway (GO:0038194) A cga: A (ligand MF); tshba: A (ligand MF); tshbb: A (ligand MF)
zebrafish Kit signaling pathway (GO:0038109) A kitlga: A; kitlgb: A
zebrafish interleukin-1-mediated signaling pathway (GO:0070498) A il1b: A (ligand MF)
zebrafish reelin-mediated signaling pathway (GO:0038026) A reln: A
zebrafish TRAIL-activated apoptotic signaling pathway (GO:0036462) A tnfsf10: A (ligand MF)
zebrafish macrophage colony-stimulating factor signaling pathway (GO:0038145) A csf1b: A (ligand MF); csf1a: A (ligand MF)
zebrafish Roundabout signaling pathway (GO:0035385) A slit2: A
zebrafish CXCL12-activated CXCR4 signaling pathway (GO:0038160) A cxcl12a: A (ligand MF); cxcl12b: A (ligand MF)
zebrafish gastric inhibitory peptide signaling pathway (GO:0038192) A gip: A
zebrafish apolipoprotein A-I-mediated signaling pathway (GO:0038027) A apoa1b: A; apoa1a: A
zebrafish complement component C5a signaling pathway (GO:0038178) A c5: A
zebrafish Fas signaling pathway (GO:0036337) A faslg: A (ligand MF)
zebrafish thrombopoietin-mediated signaling pathway (GO:0038163) A thpo: A (ligand MF)
zebrafish follicle-stimulating hormone signaling pathway (GO:0042699) A cga: A (ligand MF); fshb: A (ligand MF); slit2: A
zebrafish brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway (GO:0031547) A bdnf: A (ligand MF)
zebrafish cholecystokinin signaling pathway (GO:0038188) A ccka: A (ligand MF); cckb: A (ligand MF)
zebrafish luteinizing hormone signaling pathway (GO:0042700) A lhb: A (ligand MF)
zebrafish chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 19 signaling pathway (GO:0038115) A ccl19b: A (ligand MF)
zebrafish growth hormone receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT (GO:0060397) B gh1: B (ligand MF) on growth hormone receptor signaling pathway
zebrafish platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta signaling pathway (GO:0035791) B pdgfaa: B (ligand MF) on platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway; pdgfab: B (ligand MF) on platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway; pdgfbb: B (ligand MF) on platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway; pdgfba: B on platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway
zebrafish neurotrophin TRK receptor signaling pathway (GO:0048011) B ngfb: B (ligand MF) on nerve growth factor signaling pathway; ngfa: B (ligand MF) on nerve growth factor signaling pathway
zebrafish galanin-activated signaling pathway (GO:0090663) B gal: B (ligand MF) on neuropeptide signaling pathway
zebrafish Notch signaling involved in heart development (GO:0061314) B dll4: B on Notch signaling pathway; jag1a: B (ligand MF) on Notch signaling pathway; jag1b: B on Notch signaling pathway
zebrafish platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha signaling pathway (GO:0035790) B pdgfaa: B (ligand MF) on platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway; pdgfab: B (ligand MF) on platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway
zebrafish smoothened signaling pathway involved in ventral spinal cord patterning (GO:0021910) B shha: B on smoothened signaling pathway; shhb: B on smoothened signaling pathway
zebrafish ephrin receptor signaling pathway (GO:0048013) C efna1a: C; efna1b: C; efna5a: C; efna5b: C; efnb2b: C; efnb2a: C; epha7: C
zebrafish non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway (GO:0035567) C sfrp2: C; wnt11: B on Wnt signaling pathway; wnt3a: B (ligand MF) on Wnt signaling pathway; wnt4b: B (ligand MF) on Wnt signaling pathway; wnt4: B (ligand MF) on Wnt signaling pathway; wnt5a: B (ligand MF) on Wnt signaling pathway; wnt7aa: B (ligand MF) on Wnt signaling pathway; wnt7ab: B (ligand MF) on Wnt signaling pathway; wnt7ba: B (ligand MF) on Wnt signaling pathway; wnt7bb: B (ligand MF) on Wnt signaling pathway; wnt9b: B (ligand MF) on Wnt signaling pathway
zebrafish tachykinin receptor signaling pathway (GO:0007217) C tac1: C; tac3a: C; tac3b: C; tac4: A
zebrafish thrombin-activated receptor signaling pathway (GO:0070493) C f2: A; f2rl2: C
zebrafish angiotensin-activated signaling pathway (GO:0038166) C agt: C
zebrafish hepatocyte growth factor receptor signaling pathway (GO:0048012) C hgfa: C
zebrafish Tie signaling pathway (GO:0048014) C angpt1: C; angpt2b: A; angpt2a: C; angpt4: A
zebrafish interleukin-11-mediated signaling pathway (GO:0038154) C cntfr: C; il11a: A (ligand MF); il11b: A (ligand MF); il6st: A
fly neurotrophin signaling pathway (GO:0038179) A NT1: A (ligand MF); spz: A (ligand MF); spz5: A (ligand MF)
fly extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway (GO:0097191) A egr: A (ligand MF)
fly netrin-activated signaling pathway (GO:0038007) A NetA: A; NetB: A
fly collagen-activated tyrosine kinase receptor signaling pathway (GO:0038063) A Col4a1: A; vkg: A
fly insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway (GO:0048009) A Ilp2: A (ligand MF); Ilp3: A (ligand MF); Ilp5: A (ligand MF)
fly Frizzled Nuclear Import pathway (GO:0140709) B wg: B (ligand MF) on Wnt signaling pathway
fly ephrin receptor signaling pathway (GO:0048013) C Ephrin: C
fly Roundabout signaling pathway (GO:0035385) C sli: C

Ligand-activity genes in no signaling term