P4HB

UniProt ID: P07237
Organism: Homo sapiens
Review Status: COMPLETE
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Gene Description

P4HB encodes protein disulfide-isomerase (PDI, also PDIA1), the prototypical and highly abundant thioredoxin-fold redox enzyme of the endoplasmic reticulum. It has an a-b-b'-a' domain architecture with two catalytically active thioredoxin-like (CGHC) active sites and a C-terminal KDEL ER-retention signal. As an enzyme it catalyzes the formation, breakage and rearrangement (isomerization) of disulfide bonds in nascent and misfolded proteins and can act as a thiol oxidase (with ERO1) or, at the cell surface, as a disulfide reductase. In a redox- and concentration-dependent manner it also functions as a molecular chaperone that suppresses aggregation of misfolded proteins (and at low concentration shows anti-chaperone activity). Beyond its catalytic roles, PDI is the non-catalytic beta-subunit of two ER enzyme complexes; it forms the alpha2beta2 prolyl 4-hydroxylase tetramer (with P4HA1/P4HA2) that hydroxylates proline in collagen, and it is the structural subunit of the microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP) complex, stabilizing and retaining both enzymes in the ER. It additionally regulates the unfolded-protein-response sensor IRE1/ERN1 (when phosphorylated by FAM20C) and has moonlighting roles at the cell surface and cytoskeleton (LGALS9 receptor, integrin and beta-actin binding, T-cell migration, viral entry). It localizes principally to the ER and ER lumen, with additional pools at the cell membrane, melanosome and cytoskeleton.

Existing Annotations Review

GO Term Evidence Action Reason
GO:0006457 protein folding
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Phylogenetic (IBA) annotation of protein folding. PDI catalyzes disulfide-bond formation/isomerization and acts as a redox-dependent chaperone, both of which drive oxidative protein folding. The molecular functions (PDI activity, chaperone) are the more informative annotations.
Reason: Protein folding is the broad process outcome of PDI's catalytic and chaperone activities; the disulfide-isomerase MF is the core. Retained as a non-core process.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/P4HB/P4HB-uniprot.txt
This multifunctional protein catalyzes the formation, breakage and rearrangement of disulfide bonds.
GO:0009897 external side of plasma membrane
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: PDI acts at the external side of the plasma membrane as a cell-surface reductase that cleaves disulfide bonds of cell-attached proteins. A real but secondary site of action.
Reason: Cell-surface activity is documented (LGALS9-retained surface reductase) but is a moonlighting pool relative to the principal ER localization. Retained as non-core.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/P4HB/P4HB-uniprot.txt
At the cell surface, seems to act as a reductase that cleaves disulfide bonds of proteins attached to the cell.
GO:0003756 protein disulfide isomerase activity
IEA
GO_REF:0000120
ACCEPT
Summary: Electronic annotation of protein disulfide isomerase activity (EC 5.3.4.1), the defining core catalytic function of PDI.
Reason: Agrees with strong EXP/IDA/TAS evidence for PDI activity; the thioredoxin-fold/CGHC active sites reliably predict this activity.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/P4HB/P4HB-uniprot.txt
RecName: Full=Protein disulfide-isomerase
GO:0005783 endoplasmic reticulum
IEA
GO_REF:0000120
ACCEPT
Summary: Electronic annotation of ER localization, the principal compartment of PDI (KDEL-retained ER-lumen protein).
Reason: Correct principal localization; agrees with abundant IDA/EXP evidence.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/P4HB/P4HB-uniprot.txt
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum
GO:0005788 endoplasmic reticulum lumen
IEA
GO_REF:0000120
ACCEPT
Summary: Electronic annotation of ER lumen localization, the precise compartment where PDI catalyzes oxidative protein folding.
Reason: Correct principal localization; agrees with EXP evidence (PMID:23475612).
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/P4HB/P4HB-uniprot.txt
Endoplasmic reticulum lumen
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
IEA
GO_REF:0000044
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Electronic annotation of plasma-membrane localization, consistent with the documented cell-surface pool of PDI (peripheral membrane protein).
Reason: A real but secondary cell-surface pool (shedding/replacement from intracellular sources); the ER is the principal compartment. Retained as non-core.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/P4HB/P4HB-uniprot.txt
associated with the plasma membrane
GO:0034975 protein folding in endoplasmic reticulum
IEA
GO_REF:0000117
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Electronic annotation of protein folding in the ER, the principal cellular process to which PDI's disulfide-isomerase and chaperone activities contribute.
Reason: A core process context for PDI, but the disulfide-isomerase/chaperone molecular functions are the most informative core annotations; retained as a non-core process.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/P4HB/P4HB-uniprot.txt
Inside the cell, seems to form/rearrange disulfide bonds of nascent proteins.
GO:0042470 melanosome
IEA
GO_REF:0000044
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Electronic annotation of melanosome localization, supported by mass-spectrometry detection of PDI in melanosome fractions.
Reason: A documented but secondary/organelle-proteomic localization; peripheral to PDI's core ER function. Retained as non-core.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/P4HB/P4HB-uniprot.txt
Identified by mass spectrometry in melanosome fractions from stage I to stage IV
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:17055437
Redox regulation facilitates optimal peptide selection by MH...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: IntAct interaction (Q03518/TAP1). Bare protein binding is uninformative; an interactome hit.
Reason: A documented interaction recorded as bare protein binding; uninformative and not core.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/P4HB/P4HB-goa.tsv
GO:0005515 protein binding IPI PMID:17055437 UniProtKB:Q03518
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:19942855
Protein disulphide isomerase is required for signal peptide ...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: IntAct interaction (Q8TCT9/HM13). Bare protein binding is uninformative; an interactome hit.
Reason: A documented interaction recorded as bare protein binding; uninformative and not core.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/P4HB/P4HB-goa.tsv
GO:0005515 protein binding IPI PMID:19942855 UniProtKB:Q8TCT9
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:20802462
Disulphide production by Ero1Ξ±-PDI relay is rapid and effect...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: IntAct interaction with ERO1A (Q96HE7), the sulfhydryl oxidase that re-oxidizes PDI. Bare protein binding is uninformative; this is a functionally meaningful redox-relay partner.
Reason: A real, functionally relevant interaction (ERO1A) recorded as bare protein binding; the catalytic relay is captured by the thiol oxidase MF, so this is kept non-core.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/P4HB/P4HB-uniprot.txt
Interacts with ERO1B
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:21057456
Recycling of peroxiredoxin IV provides a novel pathway for d...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: IntAct interaction (Q13162/PRDX4). Bare protein binding is uninformative; an interactome hit.
Reason: A documented interaction recorded as bare protein binding; uninformative and not core.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/P4HB/P4HB-goa.tsv
GO:0005515 protein binding IPI PMID:21057456 UniProtKB:Q13162
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:24098548
Protein disulfide isomerase interacts with tau protein and i...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: IntAct interaction with MAPT/tau (P10636-8). Bare protein binding is uninformative; an interactome hit.
Reason: A documented interaction recorded as bare protein binding; uninformative and not core.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/P4HB/P4HB-goa.tsv
GO:0005515 protein binding IPI PMID:24098548 UniProtKB:P10636-8
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:26370502
Prosaposin facilitates sortilin-independent lysosomal traffi...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: IntAct interaction (P28799/GRN). Bare protein binding is uninformative; an interactome hit.
Reason: A documented interaction recorded as bare protein binding; uninformative and not core.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/P4HB/P4HB-goa.tsv
GO:0005515 protein binding IPI PMID:26370502 UniProtKB:P28799
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:30021884
Histone Interaction Landscapes Visualized by Crosslinking Ma...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: IntAct interaction (O15460). Bare protein binding is uninformative; an interactome hit.
Reason: A documented interaction recorded as bare protein binding; uninformative and not core.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/P4HB/P4HB-goa.tsv
GO:0005515 protein binding IPI PMID:30021884 UniProtKB:O15460
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:31992623
Binding of Host Cell Surface Protein Disulfide Isomerase by ...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: IntAct interaction (Q2GL86, a viral/microbial protein). Bare protein binding is uninformative; an interactome hit.
Reason: A documented interaction recorded as bare protein binding; uninformative and not core.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/P4HB/P4HB-goa.tsv
GO:0005515 protein binding IPI PMID:31992623 UniProtKB:Q2GL86
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:32296183
A reference map of the human binary protein interactome.
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: A large membrane-protein interactome screen reporting many PDI partners (PDI is a highly abundant, promiscuous ER protein). Bare protein binding from a broad screen is uninformative.
Reason: Bare protein binding from one high-throughput screen with many partners not independently validated; uninformative and not reflective of the core function.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/P4HB/P4HB-goa.tsv
GO:0005515 protein binding IPI PMID:32296183 UniProtKB:P01137
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:32812023
Phosphorylated tau interactome in the human Alzheimer's dise...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: IntAct interaction with MAPT/tau (P10636-8). Bare protein binding is uninformative; an interactome hit.
Reason: A documented interaction recorded as bare protein binding; uninformative and not core.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/P4HB/P4HB-goa.tsv
GO:0005515 protein binding IPI PMID:32812023 UniProtKB:P10636-8
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:32814053
Interactome Mapping Provides a Network of Neurodegenerative ...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: A neurodegeneration interactome screen reporting many PDI partners. Bare protein binding from a broad screen of an abundant ER protein is uninformative.
Reason: Bare protein binding from one high-throughput screen with many partners not independently validated; uninformative and not reflective of the core function.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/P4HB/P4HB-goa.tsv
GO:0005515 protein binding IPI PMID:32814053 UniProtKB:O43521
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:33961781
Dual proteome-scale networks reveal cell-specific remodeling...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: BioPlex affinity-purification interactome capturing a PDI-O15460 interaction. Bare protein binding is uninformative.
Reason: A documented interaction recorded as bare protein binding; uninformative and not core.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/P4HB/P4HB-goa.tsv
GO:0005515 protein binding IPI PMID:33961781 UniProtKB:O15460
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:35063084
Tau interactome maps synaptic and mitochondrial processes as...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: IntAct interaction with MAPT/tau (P10636-8). Bare protein binding is uninformative; an interactome hit.
Reason: A documented interaction recorded as bare protein binding; uninformative and not core.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/P4HB/P4HB-goa.tsv
GO:0005515 protein binding IPI PMID:35063084 UniProtKB:P10636-8
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:40205054
Multimodal cell maps as a foundation for structural and func...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Multimodal cell-maps interactome capturing a PDI-O15460 interaction. Bare protein binding is uninformative.
Reason: A documented interaction recorded as bare protein binding; uninformative and not core.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/P4HB/P4HB-goa.tsv
GO:0005515 protein binding IPI PMID:40205054 UniProtKB:O15460
GO:0005178 integrin binding
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Electronic annotation (from mouse P09103) of integrin binding, consistent with the documented cell-surface PDI-integrin interaction.
Reason: A documented cell-surface moonlighting interaction (integrin), but secondary to PDI's core ER catalytic function. Retained as non-core.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/P4HB/P4HB-goa.tsv
GO:0005178 integrin binding IPI PMID:21670307 UniProtKB:P05106
GO:0009897 external side of plasma membrane
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Electronic annotation (from mouse) of external-side plasma-membrane localization, consistent with the cell-surface PDI pool.
Reason: A documented but secondary cell-surface localization; the ER is the principal compartment. Retained as non-core.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/P4HB/P4HB-uniprot.txt
associated with the plasma membrane
GO:0015035 protein-disulfide reductase activity
IEA
GO_REF:0000120
ACCEPT
Summary: Electronic annotation of protein-disulfide reductase activity, one of PDI's documented redox activities (notably at the cell surface).
Reason: PDI reductase activity is experimentally demonstrated (EXP PMID:21308844; IDA PMID:16677074, 21670307); the IEA agrees with this core redox function.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/P4HB/P4HB-uniprot.txt
At the cell surface, seems to act as a reductase that cleaves disulfide bonds of proteins attached to the cell.
GO:0019899 enzyme binding
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Generic electronic annotation of enzyme binding (PDI binds ERO1, P4HA, MTTP, ERN1). A non-specific term.
Reason: A generic binding term; the specific functional interactions (P4HA, MTTP, ERO1, ERN1) are captured elsewhere. Retained as non-core.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/P4HB/P4HB-goa.tsv
GO:0019899 enzyme binding IEA GO_REF:0000107
GO:0030070 insulin processing
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Electronic annotation of insulin processing, consistent with PDI's role in oxidative folding of (pro)insulin and other secretory proteins.
Reason: A specialized process consequence of PDI's disulfide-isomerase activity; retained as non-core.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/P4HB/P4HB-goa.tsv
GO:0030070 insulin processing IEA GO_REF:0000107
GO:0034663 endoplasmic reticulum chaperone complex
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Electronic annotation of membership in an ER chaperone complex, consistent with PDI's participation in ER oxidative-folding machinery.
Reason: A plausible complex-membership annotation; PDI's specific complexes (P4H, MTTP, ERO1) are captured elsewhere. Retained as non-core.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/P4HB/P4HB-goa.tsv
GO:0034663 endoplasmic reticulum chaperone complex IEA GO_REF:0000107
GO:0044877 protein-containing complex binding
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Generic electronic annotation of protein-containing complex binding. A non-specific term.
Reason: A generic binding term; specific complex interactions are captured elsewhere. Retained as non-core.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/P4HB/P4HB-goa.tsv
GO:0044877 protein-containing complex binding IEA GO_REF:0000107
GO:0030070 insulin processing
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-264876
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Reactome pathway annotation of insulin processing, consistent with PDI's role in oxidative folding of secretory proteins.
Reason: A specialized process consequence of PDI's disulfide-isomerase activity; retained as non-core.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/P4HB/P4HB-goa.tsv
GO:0030070 insulin processing TAS Reactome:R-HSA-264876
GO:0035722 interleukin-12-mediated signaling pathway
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9020591
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Reactome annotation linking PDI to IL-12 signaling, likely reflecting its role in oxidative folding/redox of immune receptors. A specialized pathway context.
Reason: A pathway-context annotation peripheral to PDI's core ER catalytic function. Retained as non-core.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/P4HB/P4HB-goa.tsv
GO:0035722 interleukin-12-mediated signaling pathway TAS Reactome:R-HSA-9020591
GO:0038155 interleukin-23-mediated signaling pathway
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9020933
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Reactome annotation linking PDI to IL-23 signaling. A specialized pathway context.
Reason: A pathway-context annotation peripheral to PDI's core ER catalytic function. Retained as non-core.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/P4HB/P4HB-goa.tsv
GO:0038155 interleukin-23-mediated signaling pathway TAS Reactome:R-HSA-9020933
GO:0003756 protein disulfide isomerase activity
EXP
PMID:15720785
The metallopeptide antibiotic bacitracin inhibits interleuki...
ACCEPT
Summary: Experimental demonstration of PDI's protein disulfide isomerase activity. The defining core catalytic function.
Reason: EXP evidence directly supports PDI activity (EC 5.3.4.1), the central function of P4HB.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/P4HB/P4HB-uniprot.txt
RecName: Full=Protein disulfide-isomerase
GO:0005783 endoplasmic reticulum
IDA
GO_REF:0000052
ACCEPT
Summary: Direct immunofluorescence (HPA) evidence for ER localization, the principal compartment of PDI.
Reason: IDA-supported ER localization agrees with the documented principal site.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/P4HB/P4HB-uniprot.txt
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum
GO:0005788 endoplasmic reticulum lumen
EXP
PMID:23475612
Loss of both phospholipid and triglyceride transfer activiti...
ACCEPT
Summary: Experimental evidence for ER lumen localization of PDI.
Reason: Directly experimentally supported principal localization (KDEL-retained ER-lumen protein).
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/P4HB/P4HB-uniprot.txt
Endoplasmic reticulum lumen
GO:0015035 protein-disulfide reductase activity
IDA
PMID:21670307
Galectin-9 binding to cell surface protein disulfide isomera...
ACCEPT
Summary: Direct evidence that PDI acts as a disulfide reductase at the cell surface, increasing plasma-membrane reductase activity (LGALS9-dependent). A core redox activity.
Reason: Directly demonstrated reductase activity; a core PDI redox function (notably at the cell surface).
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/P4HB/P4HB-uniprot.txt
increasing disulfide reductase activity at the plasma membrane
GO:2000406 positive regulation of T cell migration
IDA
PMID:21670307
Galectin-9 binding to cell surface protein disulfide isomera...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: PDI retained at the Th2 cell surface by LGALS9 increases plasma-membrane reductase activity and enhances T-cell migration. A documented moonlighting process.
Reason: A documented (IDA) cell-surface process, but a moonlighting role peripheral to PDI's core ER catalytic function. Retained as non-core.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/P4HB/P4HB-uniprot.txt
altering the plasma membrane redox state and enhancing cell migration
GO:0003756 protein disulfide isomerase activity
IDA
PMID:32149426
Phosphorylation switches protein disulfide isomerase activit...
ACCEPT
Summary: Direct evidence for PDI disulfide-isomerase activity (with catalytic activity reported); this study also shows FAM20C phosphorylation switches PDI between chaperone and ERN1-regulatory roles. Core catalytic function.
Reason: IDA evidence directly supports PDI activity (EC 5.3.4.1); central to P4HB function.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/P4HB/P4HB-uniprot.txt
EC=5.3.4.1
GO:0005783 endoplasmic reticulum
IDA
PMID:32149426
Phosphorylation switches protein disulfide isomerase activit...
ACCEPT
Summary: PDI is active in the ER, where it catalyzes oxidative protein folding and regulates ERN1/IRE1A. The principal site of action.
Reason: The ER is the principal site where PDI acts; directly supported.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/P4HB/P4HB-uniprot.txt
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum
GO:0005788 endoplasmic reticulum lumen
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-264997
ACCEPT
Summary: Reactome annotation placing PDI in the ER lumen, consistent with its principal localization.
Reason: Curated ER-lumen localization consistent with the principal site.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/P4HB/P4HB-uniprot.txt
Endoplasmic reticulum lumen
GO:0005788 endoplasmic reticulum lumen
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-3341296
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Reactome annotation placing PDI in the ER lumen; redundant with the principal localization.
Reason: Redundant curated ER-lumen annotation; consistent but duplicative.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/P4HB/P4HB-uniprot.txt
Endoplasmic reticulum lumen
GO:0005788 endoplasmic reticulum lumen
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9817575
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Reactome annotation placing PDI in the ER lumen; redundant with the principal localization.
Reason: Redundant curated ER-lumen annotation; consistent but duplicative.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/P4HB/P4HB-uniprot.txt
Endoplasmic reticulum lumen
GO:0005788 endoplasmic reticulum lumen
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-1650808
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Reactome annotation placing PDI in the ER lumen; redundant with the principal localization.
Reason: Redundant curated ER-lumen annotation; consistent but duplicative.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/P4HB/P4HB-uniprot.txt
Endoplasmic reticulum lumen
GO:0005788 endoplasmic reticulum lumen
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-174786
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Reactome annotation placing PDI in the ER lumen; redundant with the principal localization.
Reason: Redundant curated ER-lumen annotation; consistent but duplicative.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/P4HB/P4HB-uniprot.txt
Endoplasmic reticulum lumen
GO:0005788 endoplasmic reticulum lumen
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-2002460
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Reactome annotation placing PDI in the ER lumen; redundant with the principal localization.
Reason: Redundant curated ER-lumen annotation; consistent but duplicative.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/P4HB/P4HB-uniprot.txt
Endoplasmic reticulum lumen
GO:0005788 endoplasmic reticulum lumen
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-5358336
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Reactome annotation placing PDI in the ER lumen; redundant with the principal localization.
Reason: Redundant curated ER-lumen annotation; consistent but duplicative.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/P4HB/P4HB-uniprot.txt
Endoplasmic reticulum lumen
GO:0005788 endoplasmic reticulum lumen
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-5358340
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Reactome annotation placing PDI in the ER lumen; redundant with the principal localization.
Reason: Redundant curated ER-lumen annotation; consistent but duplicative.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/P4HB/P4HB-uniprot.txt
Endoplasmic reticulum lumen
GO:0005788 endoplasmic reticulum lumen
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-8866329
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Reactome annotation placing PDI in the ER lumen; redundant with the principal localization.
Reason: Redundant curated ER-lumen annotation; consistent but duplicative.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/P4HB/P4HB-uniprot.txt
Endoplasmic reticulum lumen
GO:0005788 endoplasmic reticulum lumen
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-8948234
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Reactome annotation placing PDI in the ER lumen; redundant with the principal localization.
Reason: Redundant curated ER-lumen annotation; consistent but duplicative.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/P4HB/P4HB-uniprot.txt
Endoplasmic reticulum lumen
GO:0005788 endoplasmic reticulum lumen
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-8950113
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Reactome annotation placing PDI in the ER lumen; redundant with the principal localization.
Reason: Redundant curated ER-lumen annotation; consistent but duplicative.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/P4HB/P4HB-uniprot.txt
Endoplasmic reticulum lumen
GO:0005788 endoplasmic reticulum lumen
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-8950183
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Reactome annotation placing PDI in the ER lumen; redundant with the principal localization.
Reason: Redundant curated ER-lumen annotation; consistent but duplicative.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/P4HB/P4HB-uniprot.txt
Endoplasmic reticulum lumen
GO:0005788 endoplasmic reticulum lumen
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-8950456
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Reactome annotation placing PDI in the ER lumen; redundant with the principal localization.
Reason: Redundant curated ER-lumen annotation; consistent but duplicative.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/P4HB/P4HB-uniprot.txt
Endoplasmic reticulum lumen
GO:0005788 endoplasmic reticulum lumen
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-8952289
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Reactome annotation placing PDI in the ER lumen; redundant with the principal localization.
Reason: Redundant curated ER-lumen annotation; consistent but duplicative.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/P4HB/P4HB-uniprot.txt
Endoplasmic reticulum lumen
GO:0005788 endoplasmic reticulum lumen
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9737780
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Reactome annotation placing PDI in the ER lumen; redundant with the principal localization.
Reason: Redundant curated ER-lumen annotation; consistent but duplicative.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/P4HB/P4HB-uniprot.txt
Endoplasmic reticulum lumen
GO:0005788 endoplasmic reticulum lumen
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9918779
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Reactome annotation placing PDI in the ER lumen; redundant with the principal localization.
Reason: Redundant curated ER-lumen annotation; consistent but duplicative.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/P4HB/P4HB-uniprot.txt
Endoplasmic reticulum lumen
GO:0015035 protein-disulfide reductase activity
EXP
PMID:21308844
Protein disulfide isomerase isomerizes non-native disulfide ...
ACCEPT
Summary: Experimental demonstration of PDI protein-disulfide reductase activity. A core redox function.
Reason: EXP evidence directly supports reductase activity; a core PDI redox function.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/P4HB/P4HB-uniprot.txt
seems to act as a reductase that cleaves disulfide bonds of proteins attached to the cell.
GO:0034975 protein folding in endoplasmic reticulum
IDA
PMID:21091435
The endoplasmic reticulum sulfhydryl oxidase Ero1Ξ² drives ef...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Direct evidence (with ERO1B) that PDI drives efficient oxidative protein folding in the ER. A core process context for PDI.
Reason: A core process context, but the disulfide-isomerase/thiol-oxidase molecular functions are the most informative core annotations; retained as a non-core process.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/P4HB/P4HB-uniprot.txt
Inside the cell, seems to form/rearrange disulfide bonds of nascent proteins.
GO:0003756 protein disulfide isomerase activity
IDA
PMID:21091435
The endoplasmic reticulum sulfhydryl oxidase Ero1Ξ² drives ef...
ACCEPT
Summary: Direct evidence for PDI disulfide-isomerase activity coupled to ERO1B-driven oxidative folding. The core catalytic function.
Reason: IDA evidence directly supports PDI activity; central to P4HB function.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/P4HB/P4HB-uniprot.txt
RecName: Full=Protein disulfide-isomerase
GO:0016972 thiol oxidase activity
IDA
PMID:21091435
The endoplasmic reticulum sulfhydryl oxidase Ero1Ξ² drives ef...
ACCEPT
Summary: Direct evidence that PDI can act as a thiol oxidase, accepting oxidizing equivalents from ERO1B to introduce disulfide bonds into substrate proteins. A core redox function.
Reason: Directly demonstrated thiol oxidase activity within the ERO1-PDI oxidative-folding relay; a core PDI redox function.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/P4HB/P4HB-uniprot.txt
This multifunctional protein catalyzes the formation, breakage and rearrangement of disulfide bonds.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:16478722
Phospholipid transfer activity of microsomal triacylglycerol...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Interaction with MTTP (P55157), of which PDI is the structural beta-subunit. Bare protein binding is uninformative; the MTTP heterodimerization is a defining structural role.
Reason: A functionally critical interaction (MTTP) recorded here as bare protein binding; the structural role is captured by the protein heterodimerization MF, so this entry is kept non-core.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/P4HB/P4HB-uniprot.txt
heterodimerizes with the protein microsomal triglyceride transfer MTTP
GO:0045785 positive regulation of cell adhesion
IMP
PMID:24415753
Protein disulfide isomerase directly interacts with Ξ²-actin ...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: PDI (via interaction with beta-actin Cys374) positively regulates cell adhesion. A documented moonlighting process of the cytoplasmic/cytoskeletal PDI pool.
Reason: A documented (IMP) cytoskeletal moonlighting process peripheral to PDI's core ER catalytic function. Retained as non-core.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/P4HB/P4HB-goa.tsv
GO:0045785 positive regulation of cell adhesion IMP PMID:24415753
GO:1900026 positive regulation of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading
IMP
PMID:24415753
Protein disulfide isomerase directly interacts with Ξ²-actin ...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: PDI positively regulates substrate-adhesion-dependent cell spreading via its beta-actin interaction. A documented moonlighting process.
Reason: A documented (IMP) cytoskeletal moonlighting process peripheral to the core ER function. Retained as non-core.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/P4HB/P4HB-goa.tsv
GO:1900026 positive regulation of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading IMP PMID:24415753
GO:0003779 actin binding
IPI
PMID:24415753
Protein disulfide isomerase directly interacts with Ξ²-actin ...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: PDI directly interacts with beta-actin (ACTB, P60709) at Cys374. A specific molecular function underlying the cytoskeletal moonlighting role.
Reason: A directly supported but moonlighting interaction (beta-actin) of the cytoplasmic PDI pool; peripheral to the core ER catalytic function. Retained as non-core.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/P4HB/P4HB-goa.tsv
GO:0003779 actin binding IPI PMID:24415753 UniProtKB:P60709
GO:0005783 endoplasmic reticulum
IDA
PMID:24415753
Protein disulfide isomerase directly interacts with Ξ²-actin ...
ACCEPT
Summary: Direct evidence for ER localization of PDI (in a study also documenting a cytoskeletal pool). The principal compartment.
Reason: IDA-supported ER localization agrees with the documented principal site.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/P4HB/P4HB-uniprot.txt
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum
GO:0005829 cytosol
IDA
PMID:24415753
Protein disulfide isomerase directly interacts with Ξ²-actin ...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Direct evidence for a cytosolic/cytoskeletal pool of PDI interacting with beta-actin. A secondary moonlighting localization.
Reason: A documented but secondary cytosolic pool; the ER is the principal compartment. Retained as non-core.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/P4HB/P4HB-goa.tsv
GO:0005829 cytosol IDA PMID:24415753
GO:0005856 cytoskeleton
IDA
PMID:24415753
Protein disulfide isomerase directly interacts with Ξ²-actin ...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Direct evidence for cytoskeletal localization of PDI (beta-actin interaction). A secondary moonlighting localization.
Reason: A documented but secondary cytoskeletal pool; peripheral to the core ER function. Retained as non-core.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/P4HB/P4HB-goa.tsv
GO:0005856 cytoskeleton IDA PMID:24415753
GO:0030027 lamellipodium
IDA
PMID:24415753
Protein disulfide isomerase directly interacts with Ξ²-actin ...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Direct evidence for PDI localization to the lamellipodium, consistent with its beta-actin interaction and cell-spreading role. A secondary moonlighting localization.
Reason: A documented but secondary localization of the cytoskeletal pool; peripheral to the core ER function. Retained as non-core.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/P4HB/P4HB-goa.tsv
GO:0030027 lamellipodium IDA PMID:24415753
GO:0032991 protein-containing complex
IDA
PMID:24415753
Protein disulfide isomerase directly interacts with Ξ²-actin ...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: PDI is part of a protein-containing complex (here a beta-actin-associated complex). A generic complex-membership annotation.
Reason: A generic complex term; PDI's defining complexes (P4H, MTTP) are captured elsewhere. Retained as non-core.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/P4HB/P4HB-goa.tsv
GO:0032991 protein-containing complex IDA PMID:24415753
GO:0015035 protein-disulfide reductase activity
IDA
PMID:16677074
pH dependence of the peptide thiol-disulfide oxidase activit...
ACCEPT
Summary: Direct evidence for PDI protein-disulfide reductase activity. A core redox function.
Reason: IDA evidence supports reductase activity; a core PDI redox function.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/P4HB/P4HB-uniprot.txt
seems to act as a reductase that cleaves disulfide bonds of proteins attached to the cell.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:25108285
Novel missense MTTP gene mutations causing abetalipoproteine...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Interaction with MTTP (P55157). Bare protein binding is uninformative; the MTTP interaction reflects PDI's structural-subunit role.
Reason: A functionally critical interaction (MTTP) recorded as bare protein binding; the structural role is captured by the protein heterodimerization MF. Kept non-core.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/P4HB/P4HB-goa.tsv
GO:0005515 protein binding IPI PMID:25108285 UniProtKB:P55157
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:23475612
Loss of both phospholipid and triglyceride transfer activiti...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Interaction with MTTP (P55157), of which PDI is the structural subunit. Bare protein binding is uninformative.
Reason: A functionally critical interaction (MTTP) recorded as bare protein binding; captured by the protein heterodimerization MF. Kept non-core.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/P4HB/P4HB-goa.tsv
GO:0005515 protein binding IPI PMID:23475612 UniProtKB:P55157
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:26224785
Novel Abetalipoproteinemia Missense Mutation Highlights the ...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Interaction with MTTP (P55157). Bare protein binding is uninformative; reflects PDI's structural-subunit role.
Reason: A functionally critical interaction (MTTP) recorded as bare protein binding; captured by the protein heterodimerization MF. Kept non-core.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/P4HB/P4HB-goa.tsv
GO:0005515 protein binding IPI PMID:26224785 UniProtKB:P55157
GO:0005783 endoplasmic reticulum
IDA
PMID:23475612
Loss of both phospholipid and triglyceride transfer activiti...
ACCEPT
Summary: Direct evidence for ER localization of PDI (colocalizing with MTTP). The principal compartment.
Reason: IDA-supported ER localization agrees with the documented principal site.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/P4HB/P4HB-uniprot.txt
Colocalizes with MTTP in the endoplasmic reticulum
GO:0046982 protein heterodimerization activity
IDA
PMID:23475612
Loss of both phospholipid and triglyceride transfer activiti...
ACCEPT
Summary: PDI heterodimerizes with MTTP, forming the microsomal triglyceride transfer protein complex in which PDI is the structural subunit. A core structural molecular function.
Reason: Directly demonstrated heterodimerization with MTTP; underlies PDI's role as the structural subunit of the MTTP complex (a genuine non-catalytic core function).
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/P4HB/P4HB-uniprot.txt
heterodimerizes with the protein microsomal triglyceride transfer MTTP
GO:0005178 integrin binding
IPI
PMID:21670307
Galectin-9 binding to cell surface protein disulfide isomera...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Interaction with integrin (P05106/ITGB3). Bare integrin binding reflects PDI's cell-surface moonlighting role.
Reason: A documented cell-surface moonlighting interaction (integrin); peripheral to PDI's core ER catalytic function. Retained as non-core.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/P4HB/P4HB-goa.tsv
GO:0005178 integrin binding IPI PMID:21670307 UniProtKB:P05106
GO:0046598 positive regulation of viral entry into host cell
IMP
PMID:21670307
Galectin-9 binding to cell surface protein disulfide isomera...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Cell-surface PDI reductase activity reduces disulfide bonds of HIV-1 gp120, facilitating viral entry. A documented moonlighting process.
Reason: A documented (IMP) cell-surface moonlighting process; peripheral to the core ER function. Retained as non-core.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/P4HB/P4HB-goa.tsv
GO:0046598 positive regulation of viral entry into host cell IMP PMID:21670307
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:21670307
Galectin-9 binding to cell surface protein disulfide isomera...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Cell-surface interactions (O00182/LGALS9 and others) underlying PDI's surface reductase/migration role. Bare protein binding is uninformative.
Reason: Documented cell-surface interactions recorded as bare protein binding; peripheral to the core ER function. Retained as non-core.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/P4HB/P4HB-goa.tsv
GO:0005515 protein binding IPI PMID:21670307 UniProtKB:O00182
GO:0009897 external side of plasma membrane
IDA
PMID:21670307
Galectin-9 binding to cell surface protein disulfide isomera...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Direct evidence that PDI is retained at the external side of the plasma membrane (LGALS9-dependent). A secondary cell-surface localization.
Reason: A documented cell-surface localization, but secondary to the principal ER compartment. Retained as non-core.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/P4HB/P4HB-uniprot.txt
the interaction retains P4HB at the cell surface of Th2 T helper cells
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:23861867
Nonstructural 5A protein of hepatitis C virus interacts with...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: IntAct interaction (Q03463 processed chain, a viral protein). Bare protein binding is uninformative; an interactome hit.
Reason: A documented interaction recorded as bare protein binding; uninformative and not core.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/P4HB/P4HB-goa.tsv
GO:0005515 protein binding IPI PMID:23861867 UniProtKB:Q03463-PRO_0000278740
GO:0005925 focal adhesion
HDA
PMID:21423176
Analysis of the myosin-II-responsive focal adhesion proteome...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: High-throughput detection of PDI at focal adhesions, consistent with its cell-surface/cytoskeletal moonlighting roles.
Reason: A high-throughput proteomic localization; secondary to the principal ER compartment. Retained as non-core.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/P4HB/P4HB-goa.tsv
GO:0005925 focal adhesion HDA PMID:21423176
GO:0003723 RNA binding
HDA
PMID:22658674
Insights into RNA biology from an atlas of mammalian mRNA-bi...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: High-throughput RNA-interactome capture detected PDI as an RNA-bound protein. PDI has no characterized sequence-specific RNA-binding function.
Reason: A high-throughput RNA-interactome hit without a defined RNA-binding mechanism; retained as non-core.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/P4HB/P4HB-goa.tsv
GO:0003723 RNA binding HDA PMID:22658674
GO:0003723 RNA binding
HDA
PMID:22681889
The mRNA-bound proteome and its global occupancy profile on ...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Second RNA-interactome capture dataset detecting PDI, redundant with the first.
Reason: A high-throughput RNA-interactome hit without a defined RNA-binding mechanism; retained as non-core.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/P4HB/P4HB-goa.tsv
GO:0003723 RNA binding HDA PMID:22681889
GO:0005783 endoplasmic reticulum
IDA
PMID:12095988
Role of ubiquilin associated with protein-disulfide isomeras...
ACCEPT
Summary: Direct evidence for ER localization of PDI (UBQLN1-interaction study). The principal compartment.
Reason: IDA-supported ER localization agrees with the documented principal site.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/P4HB/P4HB-uniprot.txt
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum
GO:1902175 regulation of oxidative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
IMP
PMID:12095988
Role of ubiquilin associated with protein-disulfide isomeras...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: PDI (binding UBQLN1) regulates oxidative-stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling. A documented stress-response process.
Reason: A documented (IMP) stress-response process; peripheral to PDI's core ER catalytic function. Retained as non-core.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/P4HB/P4HB-goa.tsv
GO:1902175 regulation of oxidative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway IMP PMID:12095988
GO:0004656 procollagen-proline 4-dioxygenase activity
IDA
PMID:7753822
Cloning, baculovirus expression, and characterization of a s...
ACCEPT
Summary: PDI is the non-catalytic beta-subunit of prolyl 4-hydroxylase (alpha2beta2 tetramer with P4HA), contributing to procollagen-proline 4-dioxygenase activity by stabilizing the complex and retaining it in the ER. The contributes_to qualifier correctly reflects its structural (not catalytic) role.
Reason: PDI is a defining structural subunit of prolyl 4-hydroxylase; contributes_to is the appropriate qualifier for its non-catalytic contribution to the complex's activity.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/P4HB/P4HB-uniprot.txt
this tetramer catalyzes the formation of 4-hydroxyproline in collagen
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:12095988
Role of ubiquilin associated with protein-disulfide isomeras...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Interaction with UBQLN1 (Q9UMX0). Bare protein binding is uninformative; an interactome hit linked to ER-stress apoptosis regulation.
Reason: A documented interaction (UBQLN1) recorded as bare protein binding; peripheral to the core function. Retained as non-core.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/P4HB/P4HB-uniprot.txt
Binds UBQLN1
GO:0016222 procollagen-proline 4-dioxygenase complex
IDA
PMID:7753822
Cloning, baculovirus expression, and characterization of a s...
ACCEPT
Summary: PDI is the beta-subunit of the procollagen-proline 4-dioxygenase (prolyl 4-hydroxylase) complex. A core structural complex-membership annotation.
Reason: Directly supported; PDI is a defining structural component of the prolyl 4-hydroxylase complex.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/P4HB/P4HB-uniprot.txt
Interacts with P4HA2, forming a heterotetramer consisting of 2 alpha subunits (P4HA2) and 2 beta (P4HB)
GO:0034976 response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
IMP
PMID:12095988
Role of ubiquilin associated with protein-disulfide isomeras...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: PDI is involved in the response to ER stress (UPR), consistent with its roles in oxidative folding and ERN1/IRE1A regulation. A documented process.
Reason: A genuine ER-stress-response role, but a process consequence of PDI's core catalytic/chaperone functions. Retained as non-core.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/P4HB/P4HB-uniprot.txt
results in attenuation of ERN1 activity
GO:0071456 cellular response to hypoxia
IMP
PMID:12095988
Role of ubiquilin associated with protein-disulfide isomeras...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: PDI is involved in the cellular response to hypoxia. A documented stress-response process.
Reason: A documented (IMP) stress-response process; peripheral to PDI's core ER catalytic function. Retained as non-core.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/P4HB/P4HB-goa.tsv
GO:0071456 cellular response to hypoxia IMP PMID:12095988
GO:0070062 extracellular exosome
HDA
PMID:19199708
Proteomic analysis of human parotid gland exosomes by multid...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: High-throughput detection of PDI in extracellular exosomes. As a highly abundant ER protein, PDI is frequently detected in exosome preparations.
Reason: A high-throughput proteomic detection in exosomes; peripheral to the core ER function. Retained as non-core.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/P4HB/P4HB-goa.tsv
GO:0070062 extracellular exosome HDA PMID:19199708
GO:0005783 endoplasmic reticulum
IDA
PMID:23152784
Transcriptional regulation of the Ufm1 conjugation system in...
ACCEPT
Summary: Direct evidence for ER localization of PDI. The principal compartment.
Reason: IDA-supported ER localization agrees with the documented principal site.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/P4HB/P4HB-uniprot.txt
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum
GO:0003756 protein disulfide isomerase activity
IDA
PMID:15225124
Protein disulphide-isomerase reduces ricin to its A and B ch...
ACCEPT
Summary: Direct evidence for PDI disulfide-isomerase activity. The core catalytic function.
Reason: IDA evidence directly supports PDI activity; central to P4HB function.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/P4HB/P4HB-uniprot.txt
RecName: Full=Protein disulfide-isomerase
GO:0005793 endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment
IDA
PMID:15308636
Proteomics of endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compa...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Direct evidence for PDI localization to the ER-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC), consistent with secretory-pathway trafficking.
Reason: A documented but secondary localization; the ER lumen is the principal compartment. Retained as non-core.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/P4HB/P4HB-goa.tsv
GO:0005793 endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment IDA PMID:15308636
GO:0018401 peptidyl-proline hydroxylation to 4-hydroxy-L-proline
IDA
PMID:7753822
Cloning, baculovirus expression, and characterization of a s...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: As the beta-subunit of prolyl 4-hydroxylase, PDI acts upstream of/within peptidyl-proline hydroxylation (collagen 4-hydroxyproline formation). A process consequence of its structural role.
Reason: A process annotation arising from PDI's structural subunit role in prolyl 4-hydroxylase; the complex membership / contributes_to MF are the more direct core annotations. Retained as non-core.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/P4HB/P4HB-uniprot.txt
this tetramer catalyzes the formation of 4-hydroxyproline in collagen
GO:0005576 extracellular region
NAS
PMID:14718574
The human plasma proteome: a nonredundant list developed by ...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Author-stated extracellular localization of PDI, consistent with its documented secreted/cell-surface pool.
Reason: A documented but secondary extracellular pool; the ER is the principal compartment. Retained as non-core.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/P4HB/P4HB-uniprot.txt
seems to be also secreted
GO:0003756 protein disulfide isomerase activity
TAS
PMID:2846539
Characterization of the human gene for a polypeptide that ac...
ACCEPT
Summary: Author-stated PDI disulfide-isomerase activity, from the classic identification of PDI as both the beta-subunit of prolyl 4-hydroxylase and protein disulfide isomerase. The defining core catalytic function.
Reason: PDI activity is the central, well-established function of P4HB; TAS supported.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/P4HB/P4HB-uniprot.txt
RecName: Full=Protein disulfide-isomerase
GO:0004656 procollagen-proline 4-dioxygenase activity
TAS
PMID:2846539
Characterization of the human gene for a polypeptide that ac...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Author-stated procollagen-proline 4-dioxygenase activity, from the discovery that PDI is the beta-subunit of prolyl 4-hydroxylase. PDI is the structural (non-catalytic) subunit, so the IDA contributes_to annotation is more precise.
Reason: PDI is the structural beta-subunit of prolyl 4-hydroxylase and does not itself catalyze proline hydroxylation; the enables/TAS annotation overstates its role. The IDA contributes_to annotation (PMID:7753822) is the appropriate one.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/P4HB/P4HB-uniprot.txt
where P4HB plays the role of a structural subunit
GO:0005783 endoplasmic reticulum
TAS
PMID:3034602
Molecular cloning of the beta-subunit of human prolyl 4-hydr...
ACCEPT
Summary: Author-stated ER localization of PDI. The principal compartment.
Reason: ER localization is the principal, well-established site of PDI.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/P4HB/P4HB-uniprot.txt
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum

Core Functions

Protein disulfide-isomerase that catalyzes the formation, breakage and rearrangement (isomerization) of disulfide bonds during oxidative protein folding in the ER (EC 5.3.4.1).

Supporting Evidence:
  • file:human/P4HB/P4HB-uniprot.txt
    This multifunctional protein catalyzes the formation, breakage and rearrangement of disulfide bonds.
  • file:human/P4HB/P4HB-uniprot.txt
    RecName: Full=Protein disulfide-isomerase

Thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase activities (thiol oxidase, accepting oxidizing equivalents from ERO1, and protein-disulfide reductase, notably at the cell surface) that introduce or cleave disulfide bonds in substrate proteins.

Supporting Evidence:
  • file:human/P4HB/P4HB-uniprot.txt
    At the cell surface, seems to act as a reductase that cleaves disulfide bonds of proteins attached to the cell.

Non-catalytic structural subunit role; PDI is the beta-subunit of the alpha2beta2 prolyl 4-hydroxylase tetramer (with P4HA1/P4HA2) and the structural subunit of the microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP) complex, stabilizing and retaining both enzymes in the ER.

Supporting Evidence:
  • file:human/P4HB/P4HB-uniprot.txt
    Interacts with P4HA2, forming a heterotetramer consisting of 2 alpha subunits (P4HA2) and 2 beta (P4HB)
  • file:human/P4HB/P4HB-uniprot.txt
    heterodimerizes with the protein microsomal triglyceride transfer MTTP

Redox-dependent molecular chaperone that (at high concentration, following FAM20C phosphorylation) suppresses aggregation of misfolded proteins and regulates the UPR sensor ERN1/IRE1A.

Molecular Function:
protein folding chaperone
Cellular Locations:
Supporting Evidence:
  • file:human/P4HB/P4HB-uniprot.txt
    functions as a chaperone that inhibits aggregation of misfolded proteins

References

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Suggested Questions for Experts

Q: How is PDI's balance between isomerase, oxidase and reductase activities controlled in vivo across the ER lumen and the cell surface, and what sets the redox poise of each pool?

Q: To what extent are PDI's structural-subunit roles (prolyl 4-hydroxylase, MTTP) separable from its catalytic activities, and can one be inhibited without the other?

Q: What is the physiological significance of the cytoskeletal/cell-surface moonlighting pools of PDI relative to its dominant ER oxidative-folding function?

Suggested Experiments

Experiment: Use active-site (CGHC to CGHA/SGHC) PDI mutants to dissect the contributions of the a and a' thioredoxin domains to isomerase, oxidase and reductase activities and to chaperone function.

Experiment: Test whether FAM20C phosphorylation switches PDI between aggregation-suppressing chaperone activity and ERN1/IRE1A binding/attenuation, using phosphomimetic and phospho-dead PDI in UPR reporter assays.

Experiment: Reconstitute prolyl 4-hydroxylase (P4HA2 + P4HB) and MTTP complexes with structural-only PDI variants (catalytically dead) to confirm that the structural-subunit role is independent of disulfide-isomerase catalysis.

πŸ“š Additional Documentation

Notes

(P4HB-notes.md)

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Pn Notes

(P4HB-pn-notes.md)

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πŸ“„ View Raw YAML

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