ADRB2

UniProt ID: P07550
Organism: Homo sapiens
Review Status: COMPLETE
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Gene Description

ADRB2 encodes the beta-2 adrenergic receptor, a seven-transmembrane catecholamine GPCR that acts mainly at the plasma membrane. Epinephrine and norepinephrine binding activate bifurcated G protein signaling, especially Gs/cAMP/PKA and context-dependent Gi branches, with downstream effects on MAPK signaling, smooth-muscle and cardiovascular physiology, thermogenesis, and adipocyte lipolysis. Activated receptors are regulated by arrestin- and ubiquitin-dependent endocytosis, recycling, lysosomal sorting, and Golgi-associated palmitoylation-dependent trafficking. Beyond terminating signaling, internalized beta-arrestin-bound receptors can sustain G protein signaling from endosomes, so receptor output is shaped by subcellular location as well as ligand.

Existing Annotations Review

GO Term Evidence Action Reason
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
ACCEPT
Summary: Plasma membrane is the primary active location for ADRB2 catecholamine receptor signaling.
Reason: ADRB2 is a multi-pass cell-surface GPCR; plasma membrane localization is central to catecholamine binding, G protein coupling, and downstream signaling.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
Multi-pass membrane protein
PMID:2831218
expression of the human beta 2-adrenergic receptor in mouse L cells
GO:0043410 positive regulation of MAPK cascade
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
ACCEPT
Summary: Positive regulation of MAPK cascade is a supported ADRB2 signaling branch.
Reason: ADRB2 activates ERK/MAPK through beta-arrestin/Src/EGFR-associated receptor complexes, so this is a real receptor signaling output rather than a project-level inference.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:10734107
beta(2)-Adrenergic receptor (beta(2)AR) stimulation of COS-7 cells induces EGFR dimerization
PMID:10734107
beta(2)AR-dependent signaling to ERK1/2
PMID:15123695
regulate adenylyl cyclase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase activity
GO:0071880 adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
ACCEPT
Summary: Adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling is a core ADRB2 function.
Reason: The core beta-2 adrenergic receptor activity couples catecholamine binding to Gs, cAMP/PKA, and adenylate cyclase signaling.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
G protein-coupled receptor for catecholamines that couples to
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
both G(s) and G(i) proteins, activating bifurcated signaling pathways
PMID:2831218
associated with high affinity ligand binding, Gs coupling, and adenylate cyclase
PMID:15123695
isoproterenol to stimulate adenylyl cyclase
GO:0002025 norepinephrine-epinephrine-mediated vasodilation involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Systemic blood-pressure vasodilation is plausible phylogenetic physiology context, but not a core ADRB2 molecular function.
Reason: This IBA row is retained as non-core physiology context from phylogenetic/curated annotation. The cached MARCH2 paper only provides background about vascular tone and is not used as experimental support for this term; the local review does not identify direct human ADRB2 vasodilation experiments among the cached sources.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
norepinephrine-epinephrine-mediated vasodilation involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
G protein-coupled receptor for catecholamines that couples to
GO:0004941 beta2-adrenergic receptor activity
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
ACCEPT
Summary: Beta2-adrenergic receptor activity is the core ADRB2 molecular function.
Reason: ADRB2 is the beta-2 adrenergic receptor; mutagenesis and UniProt evidence support catecholamine binding, Gs/Gi coupling, and adenylate cyclase signaling.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
G protein-coupled receptor for catecholamines that couples to
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
both G(s) and G(i) proteins, activating bifurcated signaling pathways
PMID:2831218
associated with high affinity ligand binding, Gs coupling, and adenylate cyclase
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
ADRB2 binds epinephrine (Epi) with an
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
approximately 30-fold greater affinity than norepinephrine (NE)
PMID:2831218
affinity for isoproterenol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine
GO:0051380 norepinephrine binding
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
ACCEPT
Summary: Norepinephrine binding is supported as part of the catecholamine receptor activity.
Reason: ADRB2 binds catecholamines including norepinephrine, although epinephrine has higher affinity. This ligand-binding term supports the core beta-2 adrenergic receptor activity.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
ADRB2 binds epinephrine (Epi) with an
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
approximately 30-fold greater affinity than norepinephrine (NE)
PMID:2831218
affinity for isoproterenol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine
GO:0004930 G protein-coupled receptor activity
IEA
GO_REF:0000002
MODIFY
Summary: Generic GPCR activity is correct but too broad for ADRB2.
Reason: Replace the broad GPCR activity term with the more specific beta2-adrenergic receptor activity already supported for ADRB2.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
G protein-coupled receptor for catecholamines that couples to
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
both G(s) and G(i) proteins, activating bifurcated signaling pathways
PMID:2831218
associated with high affinity ligand binding, Gs coupling, and adenylate cyclase
GO:0004935 adrenergic receptor activity
IEA
GO_REF:0000002
MODIFY
Summary: Generic adrenergic receptor activity is correct but less specific than beta2-adrenergic receptor activity.
Reason: ADRB2 is specifically the beta-2 adrenergic receptor, so the specific child term should be used rather than a broader adrenergic receptor activity term.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
G protein-coupled receptor for catecholamines that couples to
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
both G(s) and G(i) proteins, activating bifurcated signaling pathways
PMID:2831218
associated with high affinity ligand binding, Gs coupling, and adenylate cyclase
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
ADRB2 binds epinephrine (Epi) with an
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
approximately 30-fold greater affinity than norepinephrine (NE)
PMID:2831218
affinity for isoproterenol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine
GO:0004939 beta-adrenergic receptor activity
IEA
GO_REF:0000117
MODIFY
Summary: Beta-adrenergic receptor activity is correct but less specific than beta2-adrenergic receptor activity.
Reason: ADRB2 should be annotated to beta2-adrenergic receptor activity rather than the broader beta-adrenergic receptor parent.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
G protein-coupled receptor for catecholamines that couples to
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
both G(s) and G(i) proteins, activating bifurcated signaling pathways
PMID:2831218
associated with high affinity ligand binding, Gs coupling, and adenylate cyclase
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
ADRB2 binds epinephrine (Epi) with an
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
approximately 30-fold greater affinity than norepinephrine (NE)
PMID:2831218
affinity for isoproterenol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine
GO:0004941 beta2-adrenergic receptor activity
IEA
GO_REF:0000120
ACCEPT
Summary: Beta2-adrenergic receptor activity is the core ADRB2 molecular function.
Reason: ADRB2 is the beta-2 adrenergic receptor; mutagenesis and UniProt evidence support catecholamine binding, Gs/Gi coupling, and adenylate cyclase signaling.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
G protein-coupled receptor for catecholamines that couples to
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
both G(s) and G(i) proteins, activating bifurcated signaling pathways
PMID:2831218
associated with high affinity ligand binding, Gs coupling, and adenylate cyclase
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
ADRB2 binds epinephrine (Epi) with an
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
approximately 30-fold greater affinity than norepinephrine (NE)
PMID:2831218
affinity for isoproterenol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine
GO:0005794 Golgi apparatus
IEA
GO_REF:0000044
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Golgi apparatus is a supported receptor itinerary location but not the primary active signaling location.
Reason: Activated ADRB2 can traffic through the Golgi in a palmitoylation-dependent itinerary, but the primary core location for receptor signaling is the plasma membrane.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
Golgi apparatus
PMID:27481942
traffics along a previously undescribed intracellular itinerary via the Golgi complex
PMID:27481942
Cys-265 S-palmitoylation is mediated by the Golgi-resident palmitoyl transferases
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
IEA
GO_REF:0000044
ACCEPT
Summary: Plasma membrane is the primary active location for ADRB2 catecholamine receptor signaling.
Reason: ADRB2 is a multi-pass cell-surface GPCR; plasma membrane localization is central to catecholamine binding, G protein coupling, and downstream signaling.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
Multi-pass membrane protein
PMID:2831218
expression of the human beta 2-adrenergic receptor in mouse L cells
GO:0006940 regulation of smooth muscle contraction
IEA
GO_REF:0000002
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Regulation of smooth muscle contraction is broad vascular physiology context and is not directly supported by the cached ADRB2 experiments.
Reason: The previous MARCH2 citation was introductory background rather than experimental support. Because the cached evidence directly supports ADRB2 receptor signaling and trafficking rather than smooth-muscle contraction regulation, this broad IEA physiology row should be treated as over-annotated.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
norepinephrine-epinephrine-mediated vasodilation involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
G protein-coupled receptor for catecholamines that couples to
GO:0007186 G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway
IEA
GO_REF:0000002
MODIFY
Summary: Generic GPCR signaling is too broad for ADRB2.
Reason: Replace the broad GPCR signaling pathway with adrenergic receptor signaling and, where appropriate, the adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
G protein-coupled receptor for catecholamines that couples to
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
both G(s) and G(i) proteins, activating bifurcated signaling pathways
PMID:2831218
associated with high affinity ligand binding, Gs coupling, and adenylate cyclase
GO:0007189 adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway
IEA
GO_REF:0000002
MODIFY
Summary: Generic adenylate cyclase-activating GPCR signaling is too broad for ADRB2.
Reason: Use the adrenergic receptor-specific adenylate cyclase-activating pathway term for ADRB2 rather than the generic GPCR parent.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
G protein-coupled receptor for catecholamines that couples to
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
both G(s) and G(i) proteins, activating bifurcated signaling pathways
PMID:2831218
associated with high affinity ligand binding, Gs coupling, and adenylate cyclase
GO:0016020 membrane
IEA
GO_REF:0000120
MODIFY
Summary: Membrane is correct but too broad for ADRB2 localization.
Reason: ADRB2 is a multi-pass receptor whose core location is the plasma membrane; the generic membrane term should be replaced with plasma membrane.
Proposed replacements: plasma membrane
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
Multi-pass membrane protein
PMID:2831218
expression of the human beta 2-adrenergic receptor in mouse L cells
GO:0097746 blood vessel diameter maintenance
IEA
GO_REF:0000002
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Blood vessel diameter maintenance is broad vascular physiology context and is not directly supported by the cached ADRB2 experiments.
Reason: The previous MARCH2 citation was introductory background rather than experimental support. The reviewed evidence supports catecholamine receptor signaling, but not a direct ADRB2-specific blood-vessel-diameter maintenance assay, so this IEA row is over-annotated.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
norepinephrine-epinephrine-mediated vasodilation involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
G protein-coupled receptor for catecholamines that couples to
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:17148612
A system for quantifying dynamic protein interactions define...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Generic protein binding is not an informative ADRB2 molecular-function annotation.
Reason: The interaction records identify many receptor partners, but GO protein binding does not describe ADRB2 function. More informative terms are beta2-adrenergic receptor activity, catecholamine binding/signaling, receptor-complex context, and specific trafficking or signaling outputs.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-notes.md
Generic `protein binding` rows are not informative ADRB2 molecular functions
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:17170700
Dosage-dependent switch from G protein-coupled to G protein-...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Generic protein binding is not an informative ADRB2 molecular-function annotation.
Reason: The interaction records identify many receptor partners, but GO protein binding does not describe ADRB2 function. More informative terms are beta2-adrenergic receptor activity, catecholamine binding/signaling, receptor-complex context, and specific trafficking or signaling outputs.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-notes.md
Generic `protein binding` rows are not informative ADRB2 molecular functions
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:20353789
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor mediated ERK activation is regula...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Generic protein binding is not an informative ADRB2 molecular-function annotation.
Reason: The interaction records identify many receptor partners, but GO protein binding does not describe ADRB2 function. More informative terms are beta2-adrenergic receptor activity, catecholamine binding/signaling, receptor-complex context, and specific trafficking or signaling outputs.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-notes.md
Generic `protein binding` rows are not informative ADRB2 molecular functions
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:23208550
Distinct roles for Ξ²-arrestin2 and arrestin-domain-containin...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Generic protein binding is not an informative ADRB2 molecular-function annotation.
Reason: The interaction records identify many receptor partners, but GO protein binding does not describe ADRB2 function. More informative terms are beta2-adrenergic receptor activity, catecholamine binding/signaling, receptor-complex context, and specific trafficking or signaling outputs.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-notes.md
Generic `protein binding` rows are not informative ADRB2 molecular functions
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:23236378
Mammalian Ξ± arrestins link activated seven transmembrane rec...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Generic protein binding is not an informative ADRB2 molecular-function annotation.
Reason: The interaction records identify many receptor partners, but GO protein binding does not describe ADRB2 function. More informative terms are beta2-adrenergic receptor activity, catecholamine binding/signaling, receptor-complex context, and specific trafficking or signaling outputs.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-notes.md
Generic `protein binding` rows are not informative ADRB2 molecular functions
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:23291003
Adenosine A1 receptors heterodimerize with Ξ²1- and Ξ²2-adrene...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Generic protein binding is not an informative ADRB2 molecular-function annotation.
Reason: The interaction records identify many receptor partners, but GO protein binding does not describe ADRB2 function. More informative terms are beta2-adrenergic receptor activity, catecholamine binding/signaling, receptor-complex context, and specific trafficking or signaling outputs.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-notes.md
Generic `protein binding` rows are not informative ADRB2 molecular functions
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:28298427
Systematic protein-protein interaction mapping for clinicall...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Generic protein binding is not an informative ADRB2 molecular-function annotation.
Reason: The interaction records identify many receptor partners, but GO protein binding does not describe ADRB2 function. More informative terms are beta2-adrenergic receptor activity, catecholamine binding/signaling, receptor-complex context, and specific trafficking or signaling outputs.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-notes.md
Generic `protein binding` rows are not informative ADRB2 molecular functions
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:32814053
Interactome Mapping Provides a Network of Neurodegenerative ...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Generic protein binding is not an informative ADRB2 molecular-function annotation.
Reason: The interaction records identify many receptor partners, but GO protein binding does not describe ADRB2 function. More informative terms are beta2-adrenergic receptor activity, catecholamine binding/signaling, receptor-complex context, and specific trafficking or signaling outputs.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-notes.md
Generic `protein binding` rows are not informative ADRB2 molecular functions
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:36115835
Quantitative fragmentomics allow affinity mapping of interac...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Generic protein binding is not an informative ADRB2 molecular-function annotation.
Reason: The interaction records identify many receptor partners, but GO protein binding does not describe ADRB2 function. More informative terms are beta2-adrenergic receptor activity, catecholamine binding/signaling, receptor-complex context, and specific trafficking or signaling outputs.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-notes.md
Generic `protein binding` rows are not informative ADRB2 molecular functions
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:39083597
Multiplexed mapping of the interactome of GPCRs with recepto...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Generic protein binding is not an informative ADRB2 molecular-function annotation.
Reason: The interaction records identify many receptor partners, but GO protein binding does not describe ADRB2 function. More informative terms are beta2-adrenergic receptor activity, catecholamine binding/signaling, receptor-complex context, and specific trafficking or signaling outputs.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-notes.md
Generic `protein binding` rows are not informative ADRB2 molecular functions
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:9671706
A C-terminal motif found in the beta2-adrenergic receptor, P...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Generic protein binding is not an informative ADRB2 molecular-function annotation.
Reason: The interaction records identify many receptor partners, but GO protein binding does not describe ADRB2 function. More informative terms are beta2-adrenergic receptor activity, catecholamine binding/signaling, receptor-complex context, and specific trafficking or signaling outputs.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-notes.md
Generic `protein binding` rows are not informative ADRB2 molecular functions
GO:0042802 identical protein binding
IPI
PMID:15518545
Biochemical and biophysical characterization of serotonin 5-...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Identical protein binding reflects receptor oligomerization, but it is not ADRB2 core function.
Reason: ADRB2 oligomerization/hetero-oligomerization is supported, but the core molecular function remains catecholamine receptor activity and downstream GPCR signaling.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:15123695
hetero-oligomerization between beta(2)AR and beta(3)AR forms a beta-adrenergic signaling unit
PMID:19763081
Ligand-regulated oligomerization of beta(2)-adrenoceptors
GO:0042802 identical protein binding
IPI
PMID:19763081
Ligand-regulated oligomerization of beta(2)-adrenoceptors in...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Identical protein binding reflects receptor oligomerization, but it is not ADRB2 core function.
Reason: ADRB2 oligomerization/hetero-oligomerization is supported, but the core molecular function remains catecholamine receptor activity and downstream GPCR signaling.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:15123695
hetero-oligomerization between beta(2)AR and beta(3)AR forms a beta-adrenergic signaling unit
PMID:19763081
Ligand-regulated oligomerization of beta(2)-adrenoceptors
GO:0042802 identical protein binding
IPI
PMID:20590567
Physical and functional interaction between CB1 cannabinoid ...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Identical protein binding reflects receptor oligomerization, but it is not ADRB2 core function.
Reason: ADRB2 oligomerization/hetero-oligomerization is supported, but the core molecular function remains catecholamine receptor activity and downstream GPCR signaling.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:15123695
hetero-oligomerization between beta(2)AR and beta(3)AR forms a beta-adrenergic signaling unit
PMID:19763081
Ligand-regulated oligomerization of beta(2)-adrenoceptors
GO:0005634 nucleus
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Nucleus is not supported as a primary ADRB2 location.
Reason: The reviewed UniProt and publication evidence supports plasma membrane, endosomal/lysosomal trafficking, and Golgi itinerary contexts, not a nuclear ADRB2 location.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
Golgi apparatus
GO:0008179 adenylate cyclase binding
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Adenylate cyclase binding is supported as receptor-effector complex context but is not the core MF term.
Reason: ADRB2 can associate with adenylyl cyclase and channel-effector complexes, but beta2-adrenergic receptor activity is the more direct core molecular function.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:12297500
beta(2)-adrenergic receptors (beta(2)-AR) form stable complexes with Kir3 channels
PMID:12297500
beta(2)AR interacts directly with Kir3.1/3.4 and Kir3.1/3.2c heterotetramers as well as with adenylyl cyclase
GO:0010666 positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptosis is a context-specific signaling output.
Reason: Cardiomyocyte apoptotic/survival effects derive from bifurcated Gs/Gi signaling and are tissue-context outputs rather than the core receptor activity.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
In the heart, Epi- and NE-activated ADRB2 induces rapid and slow cardiomyocyte
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
Both NE and Epi promote coupling to G(s)/PKA pathway to regulate myocyte contraction rate
GO:0010667 negative regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Negative regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptosis is a context-specific signaling output.
Reason: Cardiomyocyte apoptotic/survival effects derive from bifurcated Gs/Gi signaling and are tissue-context outputs rather than the core receptor activity.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
In the heart, Epi- and NE-activated ADRB2 induces rapid and slow cardiomyocyte
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
Both NE and Epi promote coupling to G(s)/PKA pathway to regulate myocyte contraction rate
GO:0016324 apical plasma membrane
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Apical plasma membrane is plausible specialized plasma-membrane context, but not the primary localization term.
Reason: ADRB2 is primarily a plasma-membrane GPCR; apical plasma membrane can be retained as cell-type context but should not replace the core plasma membrane annotation.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
Multi-pass membrane protein
PMID:2831218
expression of the human beta 2-adrenergic receptor in mouse L cells
GO:0019899 enzyme binding
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Generic enzyme binding is not an informative ADRB2 molecular function.
Reason: ADRB2 has specific signaling and trafficking partners, but generic enzyme binding should not be used as a functional endpoint when beta2-adrenergic receptor activity and specific pathway terms are available.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-notes.md
Specific interaction contexts such as receptor oligomerization
GO:0061885 positive regulation of mini excitatory postsynaptic potential
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Positive regulation of mini excitatory postsynaptic potential is a neuronal downstream context.
Reason: The amyloid-beta/AMPA receptor study supports a neuronal beta2AR signaling complex affecting excitatory postsynaptic currents, but this is a specialized context rather than the core ADRB2 function.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:20395454
soluble Abeta binds to beta(2)AR
PMID:20395454
binding is required to induce G-protein/cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) signaling
PMID:20395454
beta(2)AR and GluR1 also form a complex
GO:0071880 adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
ACCEPT
Summary: Adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling is a core ADRB2 function.
Reason: The core beta-2 adrenergic receptor activity couples catecholamine binding to Gs, cAMP/PKA, and adenylate cyclase signaling.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
G protein-coupled receptor for catecholamines that couples to
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
both G(s) and G(i) proteins, activating bifurcated signaling pathways
PMID:2831218
associated with high affinity ligand binding, Gs coupling, and adenylate cyclase
PMID:15123695
isoproterenol to stimulate adenylyl cyclase
GO:0071881 adenylate cyclase-inhibiting adrenergic receptor signaling pathway
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
ACCEPT
Summary: Adenylate cyclase-inhibiting adrenergic receptor signaling is supportable as the Gi arm of ADRB2 signaling.
Reason: UniProt describes ADRB2 coupling to both Gs and Gi proteins; the Gi branch is part of bifurcated beta-2 adrenergic receptor signaling even if it is more context-dependent than the canonical Gs/cAMP arm.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
G protein-coupled receptor for catecholamines that couples to
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
both G(s) and G(i) proteins, activating bifurcated signaling pathways
PMID:2831218
associated with high affinity ligand binding, Gs coupling, and adenylate cyclase
GO:0098992 neuronal dense core vesicle
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Neuronal dense core vesicle is not supported as a primary ADRB2 active location.
Reason: The local evidence supports plasma membrane receptor activity and endosomal/Golgi trafficking. Dense-core vesicle activity is not established by the reviewed ADRB2 publications.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane
GO:0106134 positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell contraction
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell contraction is a downstream tissue-specific output.
Reason: Cardiomyocyte contraction-rate regulation is a physiological output of beta-adrenergic signaling and is secondary to the core receptor activity.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
In the heart, Epi- and NE-activated ADRB2 induces rapid and slow cardiomyocyte
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
Both NE and Epi promote coupling to G(s)/PKA pathway to regulate myocyte contraction rate
GO:0120162 positive regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Cold-induced thermogenesis is not supported as an ADRB2-specific annotation by the cited triple-knockout study.
Reason: PMID:12387862 tests beta1/beta2/beta3 adrenoceptor triple-knockout mice, so its cold-intolerance phenotype supports beta-adrenergic signaling broadly, not ADRB2 specifically. ADRB2-specific adipocyte evidence supports cAMP-stimulated lipolysis, but not direct positive regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis at the gene level.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:12387862
TKO mice exhibited normophagic obesity and cold-intolerance
PMID:12387862
beta-adrenergic signalling is essential for the resistance to obesity and cold
PMID:23708524
ADRB2-cAMP-stimulated lipolysis in fat cells
GO:1904646 cellular response to amyloid-beta
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Cellular response to amyloid-beta is a supported disease-context signaling response.
Reason: A beta binds beta2AR and induces PKA-dependent AMPA receptor hyperactivity, but this Alzheimer-disease-related context is not ADRB2 core physiology.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:20395454
soluble Abeta binds to beta(2)AR
PMID:20395454
binding is required to induce G-protein/cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) signaling
PMID:20395454
beta(2)AR and GluR1 also form a complex
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
IDA
GO_REF:0000052
ACCEPT
Summary: Plasma membrane is the primary active location for ADRB2 catecholamine receptor signaling.
Reason: ADRB2 is a multi-pass cell-surface GPCR; plasma membrane localization is central to catecholamine binding, G protein coupling, and downstream signaling.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
Multi-pass membrane protein
PMID:2831218
expression of the human beta 2-adrenergic receptor in mouse L cells
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
EXP
PMID:20559325
Arrestin domain-containing protein 3 recruits the NEDD4 E3 l...
ACCEPT
Summary: Plasma membrane is the primary active location for ADRB2 catecholamine receptor signaling.
Reason: ADRB2 is a multi-pass cell-surface GPCR; plasma membrane localization is central to catecholamine binding, G protein coupling, and downstream signaling.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
Multi-pass membrane protein
PMID:2831218
expression of the human beta 2-adrenergic receptor in mouse L cells
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
EXP
PMID:25220262
Insights into Ξ²2-adrenergic receptor binding from structures...
ACCEPT
Summary: Plasma membrane is the primary active location for ADRB2 catecholamine receptor signaling.
Reason: ADRB2 is a multi-pass cell-surface GPCR; plasma membrane localization is central to catecholamine binding, G protein coupling, and downstream signaling.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
Multi-pass membrane protein
PMID:2831218
expression of the human beta 2-adrenergic receptor in mouse L cells
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
EXP
PMID:2831218
Site-directed mutagenesis and continuous expression of human...
ACCEPT
Summary: Plasma membrane is the primary active location for ADRB2 catecholamine receptor signaling.
Reason: ADRB2 is a multi-pass cell-surface GPCR; plasma membrane localization is central to catecholamine binding, G protein coupling, and downstream signaling.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
Multi-pass membrane protein
PMID:2831218
expression of the human beta 2-adrenergic receptor in mouse L cells
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
EXP
PMID:7915137
Amino-terminal polymorphisms of the human beta 2-adrenergic ...
ACCEPT
Summary: Plasma membrane is the primary active location for ADRB2 catecholamine receptor signaling.
Reason: ADRB2 is a multi-pass cell-surface GPCR; plasma membrane localization is central to catecholamine binding, G protein coupling, and downstream signaling.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
Multi-pass membrane protein
PMID:2831218
expression of the human beta 2-adrenergic receptor in mouse L cells
GO:0071875 adrenergic receptor signaling pathway
IGI
PMID:20395454
Binding of amyloid beta peptide to beta2 adrenergic receptor...
ACCEPT
Summary: Adrenergic receptor signaling pathway is a core ADRB2 signaling annotation.
Reason: ADRB2 transduces catecholamine binding into adrenergic receptor signaling through G protein, cAMP/PKA, beta-arrestin, and MAPK-associated branches.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
G protein-coupled receptor for catecholamines that couples to
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
both G(s) and G(i) proteins, activating bifurcated signaling pathways
PMID:2831218
associated with high affinity ligand binding, Gs coupling, and adenylate cyclase
PMID:10734107
beta(2)-Adrenergic receptor (beta(2)AR) stimulation of COS-7 cells induces EGFR dimerization
PMID:10734107
beta(2)AR-dependent signaling to ERK1/2
PMID:15123695
regulate adenylyl cyclase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase activity
GO:1900451 positive regulation of glutamate receptor signaling pathway
IGI
PMID:20395454
Binding of amyloid beta peptide to beta2 adrenergic receptor...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Positive regulation of glutamate receptor signaling is a neuronal amyloid-beta context.
Reason: The amyloid-beta study supports beta2AR/AMPA receptor complex signaling, but this is a specialized neuronal disease-context output rather than the central ADRB2 function.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:20395454
soluble Abeta binds to beta(2)AR
PMID:20395454
binding is required to induce G-protein/cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) signaling
PMID:20395454
beta(2)AR and GluR1 also form a complex
GO:0071880 adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway
IGI
PMID:20395454
Binding of amyloid beta peptide to beta2 adrenergic receptor...
ACCEPT
Summary: Adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling is a core ADRB2 function.
Reason: The core beta-2 adrenergic receptor activity couples catecholamine binding to Gs, cAMP/PKA, and adenylate cyclase signaling.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
G protein-coupled receptor for catecholamines that couples to
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
both G(s) and G(i) proteins, activating bifurcated signaling pathways
PMID:2831218
associated with high affinity ligand binding, Gs coupling, and adenylate cyclase
PMID:15123695
isoproterenol to stimulate adenylyl cyclase
GO:0004941 beta2-adrenergic receptor activity
ISS
GO_REF:0000024
ACCEPT
Summary: Beta2-adrenergic receptor activity is the core ADRB2 molecular function.
Reason: ADRB2 is the beta-2 adrenergic receptor; mutagenesis and UniProt evidence support catecholamine binding, Gs/Gi coupling, and adenylate cyclase signaling.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
G protein-coupled receptor for catecholamines that couples to
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
both G(s) and G(i) proteins, activating bifurcated signaling pathways
PMID:2831218
associated with high affinity ligand binding, Gs coupling, and adenylate cyclase
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
ADRB2 binds epinephrine (Epi) with an
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
approximately 30-fold greater affinity than norepinephrine (NE)
PMID:2831218
affinity for isoproterenol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine
GO:0004941 beta2-adrenergic receptor activity
IMP
PMID:2831218
Site-directed mutagenesis and continuous expression of human...
ACCEPT
Summary: Beta2-adrenergic receptor activity is the core ADRB2 molecular function.
Reason: ADRB2 is the beta-2 adrenergic receptor; mutagenesis and UniProt evidence support catecholamine binding, Gs/Gi coupling, and adenylate cyclase signaling.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
G protein-coupled receptor for catecholamines that couples to
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
both G(s) and G(i) proteins, activating bifurcated signaling pathways
PMID:2831218
associated with high affinity ligand binding, Gs coupling, and adenylate cyclase
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
ADRB2 binds epinephrine (Epi) with an
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
approximately 30-fold greater affinity than norepinephrine (NE)
PMID:2831218
affinity for isoproterenol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
IDA
PMID:19584355
Oxygen-regulated beta(2)-adrenergic receptor hydroxylation b...
ACCEPT
Summary: Plasma membrane is the primary active location for ADRB2 catecholamine receptor signaling.
Reason: ADRB2 is a multi-pass cell-surface GPCR; plasma membrane localization is central to catecholamine binding, G protein coupling, and downstream signaling.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
Multi-pass membrane protein
PMID:2831218
expression of the human beta 2-adrenergic receptor in mouse L cells
GO:0010666 positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process
ISS
GO_REF:0000024
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptosis is a context-specific signaling output.
Reason: Cardiomyocyte apoptotic/survival effects derive from bifurcated Gs/Gi signaling and are tissue-context outputs rather than the core receptor activity.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
In the heart, Epi- and NE-activated ADRB2 induces rapid and slow cardiomyocyte
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
Both NE and Epi promote coupling to G(s)/PKA pathway to regulate myocyte contraction rate
GO:0010667 negative regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process
ISS
GO_REF:0000024
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Negative regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptosis is a context-specific signaling output.
Reason: Cardiomyocyte apoptotic/survival effects derive from bifurcated Gs/Gi signaling and are tissue-context outputs rather than the core receptor activity.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
In the heart, Epi- and NE-activated ADRB2 induces rapid and slow cardiomyocyte
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
Both NE and Epi promote coupling to G(s)/PKA pathway to regulate myocyte contraction rate
GO:0071880 adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway
IC
PMID:2831218
Site-directed mutagenesis and continuous expression of human...
ACCEPT
Summary: Adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling is a core ADRB2 function.
Reason: The core beta-2 adrenergic receptor activity couples catecholamine binding to Gs, cAMP/PKA, and adenylate cyclase signaling.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
G protein-coupled receptor for catecholamines that couples to
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
both G(s) and G(i) proteins, activating bifurcated signaling pathways
PMID:2831218
associated with high affinity ligand binding, Gs coupling, and adenylate cyclase
PMID:15123695
isoproterenol to stimulate adenylyl cyclase
GO:0071881 adenylate cyclase-inhibiting adrenergic receptor signaling pathway
ISS
GO_REF:0000024
ACCEPT
Summary: Adenylate cyclase-inhibiting adrenergic receptor signaling is supportable as the Gi arm of ADRB2 signaling.
Reason: UniProt describes ADRB2 coupling to both Gs and Gi proteins; the Gi branch is part of bifurcated beta-2 adrenergic receptor signaling even if it is more context-dependent than the canonical Gs/cAMP arm.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
G protein-coupled receptor for catecholamines that couples to
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
both G(s) and G(i) proteins, activating bifurcated signaling pathways
PMID:2831218
associated with high affinity ligand binding, Gs coupling, and adenylate cyclase
GO:0106134 positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell contraction
ISS
GO_REF:0000024
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell contraction is a downstream tissue-specific output.
Reason: Cardiomyocyte contraction-rate regulation is a physiological output of beta-adrenergic signaling and is secondary to the core receptor activity.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
In the heart, Epi- and NE-activated ADRB2 induces rapid and slow cardiomyocyte
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
Both NE and Epi promote coupling to G(s)/PKA pathway to regulate myocyte contraction rate
GO:0042803 protein homodimerization activity
IPI
PMID:15123695
Hetero-oligomerization between beta2- and beta3-adrenergic r...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Protein homodimerization activity is supported receptor oligomerization context but not core function.
Reason: ADRB2 can form receptor oligomers, but oligomerization is secondary to catecholamine receptor activity and signaling.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:15123695
hetero-oligomerization between beta(2)AR and beta(3)AR forms a beta-adrenergic signaling unit
PMID:19763081
Ligand-regulated oligomerization of beta(2)-adrenoceptors
GO:0044877 protein-containing complex binding
IPI
PMID:20395454
Binding of amyloid beta peptide to beta2 adrenergic receptor...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Protein-containing complex binding is supported by the amyloid-beta/AMPA receptor complex context.
Reason: The amyloid-beta study supports beta2AR participation in a postsynaptic signaling complex, but this generic binding term is less informative than receptor activity and pathway-specific signaling terms.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:20395454
soluble Abeta binds to beta(2)AR
PMID:20395454
binding is required to induce G-protein/cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) signaling
PMID:20395454
beta(2)AR and GluR1 also form a complex
GO:0098990 AMPA selective glutamate receptor signaling pathway
IGI
PMID:20395454
Binding of amyloid beta peptide to beta2 adrenergic receptor...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: AMPA-selective glutamate receptor signaling is a specialized neuronal output.
Reason: Beta2AR can mediate amyloid-beta-induced AMPA receptor hyperactivity, but this is a disease/neuron signaling branch rather than ADRB2 core function.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:20395454
soluble Abeta binds to beta(2)AR
PMID:20395454
binding is required to induce G-protein/cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) signaling
PMID:20395454
beta(2)AR and GluR1 also form a complex
GO:0045744 negative regulation of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway
IDA
PMID:15123695
Hetero-oligomerization between beta2- and beta3-adrenergic r...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Negative regulation of GPCR signaling is supported as receptor regulation/desensitization context.
Reason: Hetero-oligomerization and beta-arrestin/endocytic regulation can dampen ADRB2 signaling, but the central function remains receptor activation of adrenergic signaling pathways.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:15123695
hetero-oligomerization between beta(2)AR and beta(3)AR forms a beta-adrenergic signaling unit
PMID:19763081
Ligand-regulated oligomerization of beta(2)-adrenoceptors
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
internalized into endosomes prior to their degradation in lysosomes
GO:0071880 adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway
IDA
PMID:15123695
Hetero-oligomerization between beta2- and beta3-adrenergic r...
ACCEPT
Summary: Adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling is a core ADRB2 function.
Reason: The core beta-2 adrenergic receptor activity couples catecholamine binding to Gs, cAMP/PKA, and adenylate cyclase signaling.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
G protein-coupled receptor for catecholamines that couples to
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
both G(s) and G(i) proteins, activating bifurcated signaling pathways
PMID:2831218
associated with high affinity ligand binding, Gs coupling, and adenylate cyclase
PMID:15123695
isoproterenol to stimulate adenylyl cyclase
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:23166351
MARCH2 promotes endocytosis and lysosomal sorting of carvedi...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Generic protein binding is not an informative ADRB2 molecular-function annotation.
Reason: The interaction records identify many receptor partners, but GO protein binding does not describe ADRB2 function. More informative terms are beta2-adrenergic receptor activity, catecholamine binding/signaling, receptor-complex context, and specific trafficking or signaling outputs.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-notes.md
Generic `protein binding` rows are not informative ADRB2 molecular functions
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
IDA
PMID:23166351
MARCH2 promotes endocytosis and lysosomal sorting of carvedi...
ACCEPT
Summary: Plasma membrane is the primary active location for ADRB2 catecholamine receptor signaling.
Reason: ADRB2 is a multi-pass cell-surface GPCR; plasma membrane localization is central to catecholamine binding, G protein coupling, and downstream signaling.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
Multi-pass membrane protein
PMID:2831218
expression of the human beta 2-adrenergic receptor in mouse L cells
GO:0005794 Golgi apparatus
IDA
PMID:27481942
S-Palmitoylation of a Novel Site in the Ξ²2-Adrenergic Recept...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Golgi apparatus is a supported receptor itinerary location but not the primary active signaling location.
Reason: Activated ADRB2 can traffic through the Golgi in a palmitoylation-dependent itinerary, but the primary core location for receptor signaling is the plasma membrane.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
Golgi apparatus
PMID:27481942
traffics along a previously undescribed intracellular itinerary via the Golgi complex
PMID:27481942
Cys-265 S-palmitoylation is mediated by the Golgi-resident palmitoyl transferases
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
IDA
PMID:27481942
S-Palmitoylation of a Novel Site in the Ξ²2-Adrenergic Recept...
ACCEPT
Summary: Plasma membrane is the primary active location for ADRB2 catecholamine receptor signaling.
Reason: ADRB2 is a multi-pass cell-surface GPCR; plasma membrane localization is central to catecholamine binding, G protein coupling, and downstream signaling.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
Multi-pass membrane protein
PMID:2831218
expression of the human beta 2-adrenergic receptor in mouse L cells
GO:0030669 clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-8868658
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle membrane is a supported receptor trafficking location.
Reason: Activated ADRB2 is internalized through clathrin-coated pits/vesicles during receptor down-regulation and sorting, but this is receptor lifecycle context rather than the core active signaling location.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
internalized into endosomes prior to their degradation in lysosomes
PMID:9507004
agonist-induced internalization and down-regulation of the beta2AR
PMID:9507004
trafficking of the beta2AR via the clathrin-coated pit endosomal pathway to lysosomes
GO:0030669 clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-8868659
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle membrane is a supported receptor trafficking location.
Reason: Activated ADRB2 is internalized through clathrin-coated pits/vesicles during receptor down-regulation and sorting, but this is receptor lifecycle context rather than the core active signaling location.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
internalized into endosomes prior to their degradation in lysosomes
PMID:9507004
agonist-induced internalization and down-regulation of the beta2AR
PMID:9507004
trafficking of the beta2AR via the clathrin-coated pit endosomal pathway to lysosomes
GO:0030669 clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-8868660
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle membrane is a supported receptor trafficking location.
Reason: Activated ADRB2 is internalized through clathrin-coated pits/vesicles during receptor down-regulation and sorting, but this is receptor lifecycle context rather than the core active signaling location.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
internalized into endosomes prior to their degradation in lysosomes
PMID:9507004
agonist-induced internalization and down-regulation of the beta2AR
PMID:9507004
trafficking of the beta2AR via the clathrin-coated pit endosomal pathway to lysosomes
GO:0030669 clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-8868661
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle membrane is a supported receptor trafficking location.
Reason: Activated ADRB2 is internalized through clathrin-coated pits/vesicles during receptor down-regulation and sorting, but this is receptor lifecycle context rather than the core active signaling location.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
internalized into endosomes prior to their degradation in lysosomes
PMID:9507004
agonist-induced internalization and down-regulation of the beta2AR
PMID:9507004
trafficking of the beta2AR via the clathrin-coated pit endosomal pathway to lysosomes
GO:0030669 clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-8869438
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle membrane is a supported receptor trafficking location.
Reason: Activated ADRB2 is internalized through clathrin-coated pits/vesicles during receptor down-regulation and sorting, but this is receptor lifecycle context rather than the core active signaling location.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
internalized into endosomes prior to their degradation in lysosomes
PMID:9507004
agonist-induced internalization and down-regulation of the beta2AR
PMID:9507004
trafficking of the beta2AR via the clathrin-coated pit endosomal pathway to lysosomes
GO:0030669 clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-8871193
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle membrane is a supported receptor trafficking location.
Reason: Activated ADRB2 is internalized through clathrin-coated pits/vesicles during receptor down-regulation and sorting, but this is receptor lifecycle context rather than the core active signaling location.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
internalized into endosomes prior to their degradation in lysosomes
PMID:9507004
agonist-induced internalization and down-regulation of the beta2AR
PMID:9507004
trafficking of the beta2AR via the clathrin-coated pit endosomal pathway to lysosomes
GO:0030669 clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-8871194
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle membrane is a supported receptor trafficking location.
Reason: Activated ADRB2 is internalized through clathrin-coated pits/vesicles during receptor down-regulation and sorting, but this is receptor lifecycle context rather than the core active signaling location.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
internalized into endosomes prior to their degradation in lysosomes
PMID:9507004
agonist-induced internalization and down-regulation of the beta2AR
PMID:9507004
trafficking of the beta2AR via the clathrin-coated pit endosomal pathway to lysosomes
GO:0120162 positive regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis
ISS
PMID:12387862
Beta(1)/beta(2)/beta(3)-adrenoceptor knockout mice are obese...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Cold-induced thermogenesis is not supported as an ADRB2-specific annotation by the cited triple-knockout study.
Reason: PMID:12387862 tests beta1/beta2/beta3 adrenoceptor triple-knockout mice, so its cold-intolerance phenotype supports beta-adrenergic signaling broadly, not ADRB2 specifically. ADRB2-specific adipocyte evidence supports cAMP-stimulated lipolysis, but not direct positive regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis at the gene level.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:12387862
TKO mice exhibited normophagic obesity and cold-intolerance
PMID:12387862
beta-adrenergic signalling is essential for the resistance to obesity and cold
PMID:23708524
ADRB2-cAMP-stimulated lipolysis in fat cells
GO:0001540 amyloid-beta binding
IDA
PMID:20395454
Binding of amyloid beta peptide to beta2 adrenergic receptor...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Amyloid-beta binding is direct but disease-context and not a core ADRB2 function.
Reason: Soluble amyloid beta binding to beta2AR is experimentally supported, but it is a specialized Alzheimer-disease-related interaction rather than ADRB2 canonical catecholamine receptor function.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:20395454
soluble Abeta binds to beta(2)AR
PMID:20395454
binding is required to induce G-protein/cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) signaling
PMID:20395454
beta(2)AR and GluR1 also form a complex
GO:0004941 beta2-adrenergic receptor activity
NAS
PMID:20395454
Binding of amyloid beta peptide to beta2 adrenergic receptor...
ACCEPT
Summary: Beta2-adrenergic receptor activity is the core ADRB2 molecular function.
Reason: ADRB2 is the beta-2 adrenergic receptor; mutagenesis and UniProt evidence support catecholamine binding, Gs/Gi coupling, and adenylate cyclase signaling.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
G protein-coupled receptor for catecholamines that couples to
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
both G(s) and G(i) proteins, activating bifurcated signaling pathways
PMID:2831218
associated with high affinity ligand binding, Gs coupling, and adenylate cyclase
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
ADRB2 binds epinephrine (Epi) with an
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
approximately 30-fold greater affinity than norepinephrine (NE)
PMID:2831218
affinity for isoproterenol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine
GO:0016020 membrane
NAS
PMID:20395454
Binding of amyloid beta peptide to beta2 adrenergic receptor...
MODIFY
Summary: Membrane is correct but too broad for ADRB2 localization.
Reason: ADRB2 is a multi-pass receptor whose core location is the plasma membrane; the generic membrane term should be replaced with plasma membrane.
Proposed replacements: plasma membrane
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
Multi-pass membrane protein
PMID:2831218
expression of the human beta 2-adrenergic receptor in mouse L cells
GO:1904646 cellular response to amyloid-beta
IGI
PMID:20395454
Binding of amyloid beta peptide to beta2 adrenergic receptor...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Cellular response to amyloid-beta is a supported disease-context signaling response.
Reason: A beta binds beta2AR and induces PKA-dependent AMPA receptor hyperactivity, but this Alzheimer-disease-related context is not ADRB2 core physiology.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:20395454
soluble Abeta binds to beta(2)AR
PMID:20395454
binding is required to induce G-protein/cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) signaling
PMID:20395454
beta(2)AR and GluR1 also form a complex
GO:1990911 response to psychosocial stress
TAS
PMID:20395454
Binding of amyloid beta peptide to beta2 adrenergic receptor...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Response to psychosocial stress is too high-level for a direct ADRB2 gene annotation from the reviewed evidence.
Reason: The supporting ADRB2 evidence is receptor signaling and amyloid-beta neuronal signaling; a broad organismal psychosocial-stress response annotation is not a precise gene-product function.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:20395454
non-neurotransmitter Abeta has a binding capacity to beta(2)AR
GO:0004941 beta2-adrenergic receptor activity
IDA
PMID:19710023
Structure of an arrestin2-clathrin complex reveals a novel c...
ACCEPT
Summary: Beta2-adrenergic receptor activity is the core ADRB2 molecular function.
Reason: ADRB2 is the beta-2 adrenergic receptor; mutagenesis and UniProt evidence support catecholamine binding, Gs/Gi coupling, and adenylate cyclase signaling.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
G protein-coupled receptor for catecholamines that couples to
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
both G(s) and G(i) proteins, activating bifurcated signaling pathways
PMID:2831218
associated with high affinity ligand binding, Gs coupling, and adenylate cyclase
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
ADRB2 binds epinephrine (Epi) with an
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
approximately 30-fold greater affinity than norepinephrine (NE)
PMID:2831218
affinity for isoproterenol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
IDA
PMID:19710023
Structure of an arrestin2-clathrin complex reveals a novel c...
ACCEPT
Summary: Plasma membrane is the primary active location for ADRB2 catecholamine receptor signaling.
Reason: ADRB2 is a multi-pass cell-surface GPCR; plasma membrane localization is central to catecholamine binding, G protein coupling, and downstream signaling.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
Multi-pass membrane protein
PMID:2831218
expression of the human beta 2-adrenergic receptor in mouse L cells
GO:0071875 adrenergic receptor signaling pathway
IDA
PMID:19710023
Structure of an arrestin2-clathrin complex reveals a novel c...
ACCEPT
Summary: Adrenergic receptor signaling pathway is a core ADRB2 signaling annotation.
Reason: ADRB2 transduces catecholamine binding into adrenergic receptor signaling through G protein, cAMP/PKA, beta-arrestin, and MAPK-associated branches.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
G protein-coupled receptor for catecholamines that couples to
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
both G(s) and G(i) proteins, activating bifurcated signaling pathways
PMID:2831218
associated with high affinity ligand binding, Gs coupling, and adenylate cyclase
PMID:10734107
beta(2)-Adrenergic receptor (beta(2)AR) stimulation of COS-7 cells induces EGFR dimerization
PMID:10734107
beta(2)AR-dependent signaling to ERK1/2
PMID:15123695
regulate adenylyl cyclase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase activity
GO:0010008 endosome membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-5696968
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Endosome membrane is a supported post-endocytic receptor trafficking location.
Reason: Internalized ADRB2 is sorted between recycling and lysosomal routes from endosomes, but this is secondary to the plasma-membrane receptor signaling role.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
internalized into endosomes prior to their degradation in lysosomes
PMID:9507004
agonist-induced internalization and down-regulation of the beta2AR
PMID:9507004
trafficking of the beta2AR via the clathrin-coated pit endosomal pathway to lysosomes
PMID:19424180
sort internalized receptors to the lysosomes for degradation
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-8851797
ACCEPT
Summary: Plasma membrane is the primary active location for ADRB2 catecholamine receptor signaling.
Reason: ADRB2 is a multi-pass cell-surface GPCR; plasma membrane localization is central to catecholamine binding, G protein coupling, and downstream signaling.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
Multi-pass membrane protein
PMID:2831218
expression of the human beta 2-adrenergic receptor in mouse L cells
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-8852167
ACCEPT
Summary: Plasma membrane is the primary active location for ADRB2 catecholamine receptor signaling.
Reason: ADRB2 is a multi-pass cell-surface GPCR; plasma membrane localization is central to catecholamine binding, G protein coupling, and downstream signaling.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
Multi-pass membrane protein
PMID:2831218
expression of the human beta 2-adrenergic receptor in mouse L cells
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-8866269
ACCEPT
Summary: Plasma membrane is the primary active location for ADRB2 catecholamine receptor signaling.
Reason: ADRB2 is a multi-pass cell-surface GPCR; plasma membrane localization is central to catecholamine binding, G protein coupling, and downstream signaling.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
Multi-pass membrane protein
PMID:2831218
expression of the human beta 2-adrenergic receptor in mouse L cells
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-8866283
ACCEPT
Summary: Plasma membrane is the primary active location for ADRB2 catecholamine receptor signaling.
Reason: ADRB2 is a multi-pass cell-surface GPCR; plasma membrane localization is central to catecholamine binding, G protein coupling, and downstream signaling.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
Multi-pass membrane protein
PMID:2831218
expression of the human beta 2-adrenergic receptor in mouse L cells
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-8867754
ACCEPT
Summary: Plasma membrane is the primary active location for ADRB2 catecholamine receptor signaling.
Reason: ADRB2 is a multi-pass cell-surface GPCR; plasma membrane localization is central to catecholamine binding, G protein coupling, and downstream signaling.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
Multi-pass membrane protein
PMID:2831218
expression of the human beta 2-adrenergic receptor in mouse L cells
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-8867756
ACCEPT
Summary: Plasma membrane is the primary active location for ADRB2 catecholamine receptor signaling.
Reason: ADRB2 is a multi-pass cell-surface GPCR; plasma membrane localization is central to catecholamine binding, G protein coupling, and downstream signaling.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
Multi-pass membrane protein
PMID:2831218
expression of the human beta 2-adrenergic receptor in mouse L cells
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-8868071
ACCEPT
Summary: Plasma membrane is the primary active location for ADRB2 catecholamine receptor signaling.
Reason: ADRB2 is a multi-pass cell-surface GPCR; plasma membrane localization is central to catecholamine binding, G protein coupling, and downstream signaling.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
Multi-pass membrane protein
PMID:2831218
expression of the human beta 2-adrenergic receptor in mouse L cells
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-8868072
ACCEPT
Summary: Plasma membrane is the primary active location for ADRB2 catecholamine receptor signaling.
Reason: ADRB2 is a multi-pass cell-surface GPCR; plasma membrane localization is central to catecholamine binding, G protein coupling, and downstream signaling.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
Multi-pass membrane protein
PMID:2831218
expression of the human beta 2-adrenergic receptor in mouse L cells
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-8868230
ACCEPT
Summary: Plasma membrane is the primary active location for ADRB2 catecholamine receptor signaling.
Reason: ADRB2 is a multi-pass cell-surface GPCR; plasma membrane localization is central to catecholamine binding, G protein coupling, and downstream signaling.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
Multi-pass membrane protein
PMID:2831218
expression of the human beta 2-adrenergic receptor in mouse L cells
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-8868236
ACCEPT
Summary: Plasma membrane is the primary active location for ADRB2 catecholamine receptor signaling.
Reason: ADRB2 is a multi-pass cell-surface GPCR; plasma membrane localization is central to catecholamine binding, G protein coupling, and downstream signaling.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
Multi-pass membrane protein
PMID:2831218
expression of the human beta 2-adrenergic receptor in mouse L cells
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-8868648
ACCEPT
Summary: Plasma membrane is the primary active location for ADRB2 catecholamine receptor signaling.
Reason: ADRB2 is a multi-pass cell-surface GPCR; plasma membrane localization is central to catecholamine binding, G protein coupling, and downstream signaling.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
Multi-pass membrane protein
PMID:2831218
expression of the human beta 2-adrenergic receptor in mouse L cells
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-8868651
ACCEPT
Summary: Plasma membrane is the primary active location for ADRB2 catecholamine receptor signaling.
Reason: ADRB2 is a multi-pass cell-surface GPCR; plasma membrane localization is central to catecholamine binding, G protein coupling, and downstream signaling.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
Multi-pass membrane protein
PMID:2831218
expression of the human beta 2-adrenergic receptor in mouse L cells
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-8868661
ACCEPT
Summary: Plasma membrane is the primary active location for ADRB2 catecholamine receptor signaling.
Reason: ADRB2 is a multi-pass cell-surface GPCR; plasma membrane localization is central to catecholamine binding, G protein coupling, and downstream signaling.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
Multi-pass membrane protein
PMID:2831218
expression of the human beta 2-adrenergic receptor in mouse L cells
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-8982641
ACCEPT
Summary: Plasma membrane is the primary active location for ADRB2 catecholamine receptor signaling.
Reason: ADRB2 is a multi-pass cell-surface GPCR; plasma membrane localization is central to catecholamine binding, G protein coupling, and downstream signaling.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
Multi-pass membrane protein
PMID:2831218
expression of the human beta 2-adrenergic receptor in mouse L cells
GO:1901098 positive regulation of autophagosome maturation
IDA
PMID:23708524
Ξ²-adrenergic receptor-stimulated lipolysis requires the RAB7...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Positive regulation of autophagosome maturation is supported in ADRB2-stimulated adipocyte lipolysis but is non-core.
Reason: ADRB2 stimulation increases autophagy-targeted lipid droplets, but the direct lipophagy machinery in the paper is RAB7; therefore this is retained as an upstream adipocyte signaling output rather than a core ADRB2 function.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:23708524
ADRB2-stimulated lipolysis was reduced after inhibition of early or late autophagy
PMID:23708524
ADRB2 stimulation has caused a marked increase in the autophagy-targeted LDs for lysosomal degradation
PMID:23708524
during ADRB2 stimulation, a subset of LDs are packaged into autophagosomes and delivered to the lysosomes for degradation
PMID:23708524
RAB7 plays a pivotal role in the regulation of this autolysosome-mediated lipid degradation in fat cells
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-notes.md
do not add direct `lipophagy` for ADRB2
GO:1904504 positive regulation of lipophagy
IDA
PMID:23708524
Ξ²-adrenergic receptor-stimulated lipolysis requires the RAB7...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Positive regulation of lipophagy is supported as upstream ADRB2 adipocyte signaling, but should not be upgraded to direct lipophagy.
Reason: The PN projection to direct lipophagy is not accepted for ADRB2. PMID:23708524 supports ADRB2 stimulation as an upstream signal that increases lipophagy/autophagy-targeted lipid droplets, while RAB7 is the direct lipid-droplet recruitment and autolysosomal degradation factor.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:23708524
ADRB2-stimulated lipolysis was reduced after inhibition of early or late autophagy
PMID:23708524
ADRB2 stimulation has caused a marked increase in the autophagy-targeted LDs for lysosomal degradation
PMID:23708524
during ADRB2 stimulation, a subset of LDs are packaged into autophagosomes and delivered to the lysosomes for degradation
PMID:23708524
RAB7 plays a pivotal role in the regulation of this autolysosome-mediated lipid degradation in fat cells
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-notes.md
do not add direct `lipophagy` for ADRB2
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:24405750
CNIH4 interacts with newly synthesized GPCR and controls the...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Generic protein binding is not an informative ADRB2 molecular-function annotation.
Reason: The interaction records identify many receptor partners, but GO protein binding does not describe ADRB2 function. More informative terms are beta2-adrenergic receptor activity, catecholamine binding/signaling, receptor-complex context, and specific trafficking or signaling outputs.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-notes.md
Generic `protein binding` rows are not informative ADRB2 molecular functions
GO:0043235 signaling receptor complex
IDA
PMID:23382219
Structural basis for endosomal trafficking of diverse transm...
ACCEPT
Summary: Signaling receptor complex is a supported core context for ADRB2 signaling.
Reason: ADRB2 functions in receptor-effector and receptor-scaffold complexes that support beta-adrenergic signaling, including beta2/beta3 receptor signaling units and postsynaptic complexes.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:15123695
hetero-oligomerization between beta(2)AR and beta(3)AR forms a beta-adrenergic signaling unit
PMID:19763081
Ligand-regulated oligomerization of beta(2)-adrenoceptors
PMID:12297500
beta(2)-adrenergic receptors (beta(2)-AR) form stable complexes with Kir3 channels
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:20733053
SNX27 mediates PDZ-directed sorting from endosomes to the pl...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Generic protein binding is not an informative ADRB2 molecular-function annotation.
Reason: The interaction records identify many receptor partners, but GO protein binding does not describe ADRB2 function. More informative terms are beta2-adrenergic receptor activity, catecholamine binding/signaling, receptor-complex context, and specific trafficking or signaling outputs.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-notes.md
Generic `protein binding` rows are not informative ADRB2 molecular functions
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-379044
ACCEPT
Summary: Plasma membrane is the primary active location for ADRB2 catecholamine receptor signaling.
Reason: ADRB2 is a multi-pass cell-surface GPCR; plasma membrane localization is central to catecholamine binding, G protein coupling, and downstream signaling.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
Multi-pass membrane protein
PMID:2831218
expression of the human beta 2-adrenergic receptor in mouse L cells
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-744886
ACCEPT
Summary: Plasma membrane is the primary active location for ADRB2 catecholamine receptor signaling.
Reason: ADRB2 is a multi-pass cell-surface GPCR; plasma membrane localization is central to catecholamine binding, G protein coupling, and downstream signaling.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
Multi-pass membrane protein
PMID:2831218
expression of the human beta 2-adrenergic receptor in mouse L cells
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-744887
ACCEPT
Summary: Plasma membrane is the primary active location for ADRB2 catecholamine receptor signaling.
Reason: ADRB2 is a multi-pass cell-surface GPCR; plasma membrane localization is central to catecholamine binding, G protein coupling, and downstream signaling.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
Multi-pass membrane protein
PMID:2831218
expression of the human beta 2-adrenergic receptor in mouse L cells
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-8982645
ACCEPT
Summary: Plasma membrane is the primary active location for ADRB2 catecholamine receptor signaling.
Reason: ADRB2 is a multi-pass cell-surface GPCR; plasma membrane localization is central to catecholamine binding, G protein coupling, and downstream signaling.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
Multi-pass membrane protein
PMID:2831218
expression of the human beta 2-adrenergic receptor in mouse L cells
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9609310
ACCEPT
Summary: Plasma membrane is the primary active location for ADRB2 catecholamine receptor signaling.
Reason: ADRB2 is a multi-pass cell-surface GPCR; plasma membrane localization is central to catecholamine binding, G protein coupling, and downstream signaling.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
Multi-pass membrane protein
PMID:2831218
expression of the human beta 2-adrenergic receptor in mouse L cells
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9611751
ACCEPT
Summary: Plasma membrane is the primary active location for ADRB2 catecholamine receptor signaling.
Reason: ADRB2 is a multi-pass cell-surface GPCR; plasma membrane localization is central to catecholamine binding, G protein coupling, and downstream signaling.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
Multi-pass membrane protein
PMID:2831218
expression of the human beta 2-adrenergic receptor in mouse L cells
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9611851
ACCEPT
Summary: Plasma membrane is the primary active location for ADRB2 catecholamine receptor signaling.
Reason: ADRB2 is a multi-pass cell-surface GPCR; plasma membrane localization is central to catecholamine binding, G protein coupling, and downstream signaling.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
Multi-pass membrane protein
PMID:2831218
expression of the human beta 2-adrenergic receptor in mouse L cells
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:19584355
Oxygen-regulated beta(2)-adrenergic receptor hydroxylation b...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Generic protein binding is not an informative ADRB2 molecular-function annotation.
Reason: The interaction records identify many receptor partners, but GO protein binding does not describe ADRB2 function. More informative terms are beta2-adrenergic receptor activity, catecholamine binding/signaling, receptor-complex context, and specific trafficking or signaling outputs.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-notes.md
Generic `protein binding` rows are not informative ADRB2 molecular functions
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:19424180
The deubiquitinases USP33 and USP20 coordinate beta2 adrener...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Generic protein binding is not an informative ADRB2 molecular-function annotation.
Reason: The interaction records identify many receptor partners, but GO protein binding does not describe ADRB2 function. More informative terms are beta2-adrenergic receptor activity, catecholamine binding/signaling, receptor-complex context, and specific trafficking or signaling outputs.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-notes.md
Generic `protein binding` rows are not informative ADRB2 molecular functions
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
IDA
PMID:12297500
G protein-coupled receptors form stable complexes with inwar...
ACCEPT
Summary: Plasma membrane is the primary active location for ADRB2 catecholamine receptor signaling.
Reason: ADRB2 is a multi-pass cell-surface GPCR; plasma membrane localization is central to catecholamine binding, G protein coupling, and downstream signaling.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
Multi-pass membrane protein
PMID:2831218
expression of the human beta 2-adrenergic receptor in mouse L cells
GO:0015459 potassium channel regulator activity
IDA
PMID:12297500
G protein-coupled receptors form stable complexes with inwar...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Potassium channel regulator activity is supported receptor-effector context but not core ADRB2 function.
Reason: ADRB2 can form stable complexes with Kir3 potassium channels and adenylyl cyclase, but this specialized effector-complex role is secondary to beta2-adrenergic receptor activity.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:12297500
beta(2)-adrenergic receptors (beta(2)-AR) form stable complexes with Kir3 channels
PMID:12297500
beta(2)AR interacts directly with Kir3.1/3.4 and Kir3.1/3.2c heterotetramers as well as with adenylyl cyclase
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
IDA
PMID:9235896
A novel interaction between adrenergic receptors and the alp...
ACCEPT
Summary: Plasma membrane is the primary active location for ADRB2 catecholamine receptor signaling.
Reason: ADRB2 is a multi-pass cell-surface GPCR; plasma membrane localization is central to catecholamine binding, G protein coupling, and downstream signaling.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
Multi-pass membrane protein
PMID:2831218
expression of the human beta 2-adrenergic receptor in mouse L cells
GO:0004941 beta2-adrenergic receptor activity
IDA
PMID:15123695
Hetero-oligomerization between beta2- and beta3-adrenergic r...
ACCEPT
Summary: Beta2-adrenergic receptor activity is the core ADRB2 molecular function.
Reason: ADRB2 is the beta-2 adrenergic receptor; mutagenesis and UniProt evidence support catecholamine binding, Gs/Gi coupling, and adenylate cyclase signaling.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
G protein-coupled receptor for catecholamines that couples to
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
both G(s) and G(i) proteins, activating bifurcated signaling pathways
PMID:2831218
associated with high affinity ligand binding, Gs coupling, and adenylate cyclase
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
ADRB2 binds epinephrine (Epi) with an
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
approximately 30-fold greater affinity than norepinephrine (NE)
PMID:2831218
affinity for isoproterenol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:15123695
Hetero-oligomerization between beta2- and beta3-adrenergic r...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Generic protein binding is not an informative ADRB2 molecular-function annotation.
Reason: The interaction records identify many receptor partners, but GO protein binding does not describe ADRB2 function. More informative terms are beta2-adrenergic receptor activity, catecholamine binding/signaling, receptor-complex context, and specific trafficking or signaling outputs.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-notes.md
Generic `protein binding` rows are not informative ADRB2 molecular functions
GO:0006898 receptor-mediated endocytosis
IDA
PMID:15123695
Hetero-oligomerization between beta2- and beta3-adrenergic r...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Receptor-mediated endocytosis is supported receptor lifecycle regulation.
Reason: Agonist-induced beta2AR internalization and down-regulation are well supported, but this is post-activation receptor trafficking rather than the primary receptor signaling function.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
internalized into endosomes prior to their degradation in lysosomes
PMID:9507004
agonist-induced internalization and down-regulation of the beta2AR
PMID:9507004
trafficking of the beta2AR via the clathrin-coated pit endosomal pathway to lysosomes
GO:0043235 signaling receptor complex
IDA
PMID:15123695
Hetero-oligomerization between beta2- and beta3-adrenergic r...
ACCEPT
Summary: Signaling receptor complex is a supported core context for ADRB2 signaling.
Reason: ADRB2 functions in receptor-effector and receptor-scaffold complexes that support beta-adrenergic signaling, including beta2/beta3 receptor signaling units and postsynaptic complexes.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:15123695
hetero-oligomerization between beta(2)AR and beta(3)AR forms a beta-adrenergic signaling unit
PMID:19763081
Ligand-regulated oligomerization of beta(2)-adrenoceptors
PMID:12297500
beta(2)-adrenergic receptors (beta(2)-AR) form stable complexes with Kir3 channels
GO:0043410 positive regulation of MAPK cascade
IDA
PMID:15123695
Hetero-oligomerization between beta2- and beta3-adrenergic r...
ACCEPT
Summary: Positive regulation of MAPK cascade is a supported ADRB2 signaling branch.
Reason: ADRB2 activates ERK/MAPK through beta-arrestin/Src/EGFR-associated receptor complexes, so this is a real receptor signaling output rather than a project-level inference.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:10734107
beta(2)-Adrenergic receptor (beta(2)AR) stimulation of COS-7 cells induces EGFR dimerization
PMID:10734107
beta(2)AR-dependent signaling to ERK1/2
PMID:15123695
regulate adenylyl cyclase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase activity
GO:0051380 norepinephrine binding
IDA
PMID:15123695
Hetero-oligomerization between beta2- and beta3-adrenergic r...
ACCEPT
Summary: Norepinephrine binding is supported as part of the catecholamine receptor activity.
Reason: ADRB2 binds catecholamines including norepinephrine, although epinephrine has higher affinity. This ligand-binding term supports the core beta-2 adrenergic receptor activity.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
ADRB2 binds epinephrine (Epi) with an
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
approximately 30-fold greater affinity than norepinephrine (NE)
PMID:2831218
affinity for isoproterenol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:9560162
The beta2-adrenergic receptor interacts with the Na+/H+-exch...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Generic protein binding is not an informative ADRB2 molecular-function annotation.
Reason: The interaction records identify many receptor partners, but GO protein binding does not describe ADRB2 function. More informative terms are beta2-adrenergic receptor activity, catecholamine binding/signaling, receptor-complex context, and specific trafficking or signaling outputs.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-notes.md
Generic `protein binding` rows are not informative ADRB2 molecular functions
GO:0005764 lysosome
TAS
PMID:9507004
Role of clathrin-mediated endocytosis in agonist-induced dow...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Lysosome is a supported destination for down-regulated ADRB2.
Reason: Activated/internalized ADRB2 can be routed to lysosomes for degradation, but lysosome localization is receptor turnover context and not the core active signaling site.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
internalized into endosomes prior to their degradation in lysosomes
PMID:9507004
agonist-induced internalization and down-regulation of the beta2AR
PMID:9507004
trafficking of the beta2AR via the clathrin-coated pit endosomal pathway to lysosomes
PMID:19424180
sort internalized receptors to the lysosomes for degradation
PMID:20733053
recycling of the beta(2)-adrenoreceptor (beta(2)AR) from early endosomes
PMID:23166351
Lysosomal degradation of ubiquitinated beta(2)-adrenergic receptors
GO:0005768 endosome
TAS
PMID:10734107
The beta(2)-adrenergic receptor mediates extracellular signa...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Endosome is a supported post-endocytic ADRB2 trafficking compartment.
Reason: Internalized ADRB2 traffics through endosomes for recycling or lysosomal degradation, but this is secondary to plasma-membrane signaling.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
internalized into endosomes prior to their degradation in lysosomes
PMID:9507004
agonist-induced internalization and down-regulation of the beta2AR
PMID:9507004
trafficking of the beta2AR via the clathrin-coated pit endosomal pathway to lysosomes
PMID:19424180
sort internalized receptors to the lysosomes for degradation
PMID:20733053
recycling of the beta(2)-adrenoreceptor (beta(2)AR) from early endosomes
GO:0007166 cell surface receptor signaling pathway
TAS
PMID:1371121
Ligand-regulated internalization and recycling of human beta...
MODIFY
Summary: Generic cell-surface receptor signaling is too broad for ADRB2.
Reason: Replace this broad parent with adrenergic receptor signaling pathway and the adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway where the evidence specifies cAMP/Gs signaling.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
G protein-coupled receptor for catecholamines that couples to
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
both G(s) and G(i) proteins, activating bifurcated signaling pathways
PMID:2831218
associated with high affinity ligand binding, Gs coupling, and adenylate cyclase
GO:0007188 adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway
TAS
PMID:2823249
Structure of the gene for human beta 2-adrenergic receptor: ...
MODIFY
Summary: Generic adenylate cyclase-modulating GPCR signaling is too broad for ADRB2.
Reason: ADRB2 should be represented by adrenergic receptor signaling and its activating/inhibiting adenylate cyclase adrenergic receptor branches rather than a generic GPCR signaling term.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
G protein-coupled receptor for catecholamines that couples to
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
both G(s) and G(i) proteins, activating bifurcated signaling pathways
PMID:2831218
associated with high affinity ligand binding, Gs coupling, and adenylate cyclase
GO:0008333 endosome to lysosome transport
TAS
PMID:9507004
Role of clathrin-mediated endocytosis in agonist-induced dow...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Endosome to lysosome transport is a supported ADRB2 down-regulation route.
Reason: ADRB2 can be sorted from endosomes to lysosomes for degradation during receptor down-regulation, but this is a non-core receptor lifecycle process.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
internalized into endosomes prior to their degradation in lysosomes
PMID:9507004
agonist-induced internalization and down-regulation of the beta2AR
PMID:9507004
trafficking of the beta2AR via the clathrin-coated pit endosomal pathway to lysosomes
PMID:19424180
sort internalized receptors to the lysosomes for degradation
PMID:20733053
recycling of the beta(2)-adrenoreceptor (beta(2)AR) from early endosomes
PMID:23166351
Lysosomal degradation of ubiquitinated beta(2)-adrenergic receptors

Core Functions

ADRB2 binds catecholamines at the plasma membrane and activates beta-2 adrenergic receptor signaling through Gs/cAMP/PKA, context-dependent Gi, and MAPK-associated signaling branches.

Supporting Evidence:
  • file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
    G protein-coupled receptor for catecholamines that couples to
  • file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
    both G(s) and G(i) proteins, activating bifurcated signaling pathways
  • PMID:2831218
    associated with high affinity ligand binding, Gs coupling, and adenylate cyclase
  • file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
    ADRB2 binds epinephrine (Epi) with an
  • file:human/ADRB2/ADRB2-uniprot.txt
    approximately 30-fold greater affinity than norepinephrine (NE)
  • PMID:2831218
    affinity for isoproterenol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine
  • PMID:10734107
    beta(2)-Adrenergic receptor (beta(2)AR) stimulation of COS-7 cells induces EGFR dimerization
  • PMID:10734107
    beta(2)AR-dependent signaling to ERK1/2

References

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Suggested Questions for Experts

Q: Should PN projection for ADRB2 remain at GO:1904504 positive regulation of lipophagy rather than direct GO:0061724 lipophagy?

Suggested experts: GO autophagy editors, Proteostasis Network curators

Q: Which ADRB2 trafficking locations should remain gene-level GO annotations versus pathway-context annotations from receptor lifecycle studies?

Suggested experts: GO signaling editors, GPCR trafficking experts

Q: Should endosomal/sustained beta2AR signaling (G protein activation from endosomes, beta-arrestin megaplexes) be captured as a distinct active location or signaling context for ADRB2, or treated as an emerging mechanism not yet at gene-annotation maturity?

Suggested experts: GO signaling editors, GPCR trafficking experts

Q: Does ADRB2 biased agonism (e.g., beta-arrestin/NF-kB-selective outputs in immune cells) warrant separate biological-process annotations distinct from canonical Gs/cAMP/PKA signaling?

Suggested experts: GPCR pharmacology experts, GO signaling editors

Suggested Experiments

Experiment: Compare ADRB2 knockout/rescue and RAB7 knockout/rescue adipocytes during beta-adrenergic stimulation using lipid-droplet autophagosome recruitment and lysosomal flux reporters.

Hypothesis: ADRB2 acts upstream to stimulate lipophagy, whereas RAB7 is required for direct lipid-droplet autolysosomal delivery.

Experiment: Measure endogenous ADRB2 routing to recycling versus lysosomal compartments after agonists and biased ligands while perturbing ARRDC3, NEDD4, MARCH2, USP20/USP33, and SNX27.

Hypothesis: Distinct trafficking adaptors determine whether activated ADRB2 is recycled/resensitized or degraded after internalization.

Experiment: Use compartment-targeted cAMP/PKA biosensors with agonists and GRK/beta-arrestin perturbations to test whether internalized ADRB2 sustains G protein signaling from endosomes versus only at the plasma membrane.

Hypothesis: A fraction of agonist-activated ADRB2 continues to generate cAMP from endosomes in a beta-arrestin-dependent megaplex-like state, contributing a spatially distinct signaling output.

Deep Research

Falcon

(ADRB2-deep-research-falcon.md)

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πŸ“š Additional Documentation

Notes

(ADRB2-notes.md)

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Pn Notes

(ADRB2-pn-notes.md)

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πŸ“„ View Raw YAML

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