ASCC3

UniProt ID: Q8N3C0
Organism: Homo sapiens
Review Status: COMPLETE
Aliases:
HELIC1 RQT2 ASC1p200
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Gene Description

ASCC3 encodes a large ATP-dependent superfamily II helicase that functions in distinct ASCC-containing complexes. In the nucleus, ASCC3 is the catalytic helicase subunit of the ALKBH3-associated ASCC DNA dealkylation repair complex, where it helps unwind alkylated duplex DNA and is recruited to alkylation-induced nuclear foci. In the cytosol, ASCC3/RQT2 is the ATPase subunit of the human ribosome quality control trigger complex with ASCC2 and TRIP4, where it promotes splitting of K63-ubiquitinated collided ribosomes to initiate ribosome-associated quality control. ASCC3 was also originally identified as a component of the ASC-1 transcription coactivator complex, but its best-supported mechanistic roles are DNA alkylation repair and stalled ribosome rescue.

Existing Annotations Review

GO Term Evidence Action Reason
GO:0003723 RNA binding
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: RNA binding is plausible for ASCC3 but is less specific than its characterized helicase/RQT roles.
Reason: ASCC3 contacts nucleic acids in both the DNA repair and ribosome-rescue settings, and purified ASCC3 can bind ssRNA in vitro, but RNA binding alone does not capture the core ATP-dependent activities. Keep the annotation as contextual rather than using it as the main MF.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:29144457
Purified ASCC3 bound to ssRNA in vitro
GO:0005634 nucleus
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
ACCEPT
Summary: Nuclear localization is well supported for the ASCC DNA alkylation repair role.
Reason: ASCC3 was originally purified from HeLa nuclei as an ASC-1 complex subunit and later shown to form alkylation-induced nuclear foci with ALKBH3/ASCC repair machinery. This is a core location for the DNA repair arm of ASCC3 biology.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:29144457
Endogenous ASCC3 formed nuclear foci upon treatment of U2OS cells with the alkylating agent
PMID:12077347
ASC-1 exists as a steady-state complex associated with three polypeptides, P200, P100, and P50, in HeLa nuclei
GO:0043138 3'-5' DNA helicase activity
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
ACCEPT
Summary: ASCC3 3'-5' DNA helicase activity is directly supported and central to ALKBH3-coupled dealkylation repair.
Reason: The ALKBH3-ASCC paper demonstrates that ASCC3 unwinds duplex DNA to produce the single-stranded substrate preferred by ALKBH3. This is the most specific molecular-function term for the nuclear DNA repair activity.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:22055184
ASCC3 unwinds DNA to generate the single-stranded substrate needed for ALKBH3-mediated DNA repair
PMID:29144457
Endogenous ASCC3 formed nuclear foci upon treatment of U2OS cells with the alkylating agent
file:human/ASCC3/ASCC3-notes.md
ASCC3 is a large ATP-dependent SF2 helicase with two well-supported functional contexts.
GO:0003676 nucleic acid binding
IEA
GO_REF:0000002
MODIFY
Summary: The broad nucleic-acid binding annotation is directionally true but should be replaced by the specific DNA helicase activity.
Reason: ASCC3 is a nucleic-acid-dependent ATPase/helicase, but the InterPro-derived term is too general. Direct evidence supports 3'-5' DNA helicase activity in ALKBH3-mediated repair.
Proposed replacements: 3'-5' DNA helicase activity
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:22055184
ASCC3 unwinds DNA to generate the single-stranded substrate needed for ALKBH3-mediated DNA repair
PMID:29144457
Endogenous ASCC3 formed nuclear foci upon treatment of U2OS cells with the alkylating agent
file:human/ASCC3/ASCC3-notes.md
ASCC3 is a large ATP-dependent SF2 helicase with two well-supported functional contexts.
GO:0004386 helicase activity
IEA
GO_REF:0000117
MODIFY
Summary: Generic helicase activity should be refined to ASCC3-specific DNA helicase and ATPase terms.
Reason: ASCC3 is a helicase-family ATPase, but GOA already has stronger, more specific annotations for 3'-5' DNA helicase activity and ATP hydrolysis activity. The generic helicase term should not be the preferred assertion.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:22055184
ASCC3 unwinds DNA to generate the single-stranded substrate needed for ALKBH3-mediated DNA repair
PMID:29144457
Endogenous ASCC3 formed nuclear foci upon treatment of U2OS cells with the alkylating agent
file:human/ASCC3/ASCC3-notes.md
ASCC3 is a large ATP-dependent SF2 helicase with two well-supported functional contexts.
GO:0005524 ATP binding
IEA
GO_REF:0000002
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: ATP binding is consistent with ASCC3 helicase/ATPase function but is not the most informative MF annotation.
Reason: ASCC3 uses ATP-dependent helicase activity in both DNA repair and hRQT ribosome splitting. ATP binding is true as a supporting property, but ATP hydrolysis activity and the specific biological processes carry the core functional meaning.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:32579943
its loss phenocopies the loss of ZNF598. This activity of ASCC3 is dependent on its ATP-dependent helicase activities
GO:0005634 nucleus
IEA
GO_REF:0000044
ACCEPT
Summary: Nuclear localization is well supported for the ASCC DNA alkylation repair role.
Reason: ASCC3 was originally purified from HeLa nuclei as an ASC-1 complex subunit and later shown to form alkylation-induced nuclear foci with ALKBH3/ASCC repair machinery. This is a core location for the DNA repair arm of ASCC3 biology.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:29144457
Endogenous ASCC3 formed nuclear foci upon treatment of U2OS cells with the alkylating agent
PMID:12077347
ASC-1 exists as a steady-state complex associated with three polypeptides, P200, P100, and P50, in HeLa nuclei
GO:0005829 cytosol
IEA
GO_REF:0000044
ACCEPT
Summary: Cytosolic localization is supported by the ribosome-associated quality-control role.
Reason: ASCC3 acts on cytosolic collided ribosomes as part of hRQT. Cytosol annotations are appropriate for the RQC arm of ASCC3, while nuclear annotations remain appropriate for the DNA repair arm.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:32579943
ASCC acts on ubiquitinated collided ribosomes to selectively disassemble the lead ribosome
PMID:36302773
the trimeric hRQT complex-mediated subunit dissociation
file:human/ASCC3/ASCC3-notes.md
Conservative decision: retain the exact ribosome-rescue/RQC annotations and do not add a new ASCC3 annotation to `GO:0006515`.
GO:0016607 nuclear speck
IEA
GO_REF:0000044
ACCEPT
Summary: Nuclear speckle/foci localization is supported in the alkylation damage response context.
Reason: ASCC3 and ASCC complex foci are linked to RNA polymerase II/splicing-associated nuclear regions after alkylation damage, and ASCC1 is described at nuclear speckle foci before damage. This is a supported subnuclear context for the repair complex rather than a separate enzymatic function.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:29144457
ASCC foci co-localized with elongating (Ser2 phosphorylated) RNA polymerase II
PMID:29997253
ASCC1 is present at nuclear speckle foci prior to damage
GO:0016887 ATP hydrolysis activity
IEA
GO_REF:0000116
ACCEPT
Summary: ATP hydrolysis activity is directly tied to ASCC3 helicase-dependent DNA repair and hRQT ribosome splitting.
Reason: ASCC3 is an ATP-dependent helicase; RQC studies show ASCC3 ATPase activity is required for hRQT-mediated ribosome rescue, and DNA repair studies show ATP-dependent helicase activity in ASCC3. This is an informative core MF annotation.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:32579943
This activity of ASCC3 is dependent on its ATP-dependent helicase activities
PMID:32099016
The ATPase activity of ASCC3 and the ubiquitin-binding activity of ASCC2 are crucial for triggering
GO:0043138 3'-5' DNA helicase activity
IEA
GO_REF:0000003
ACCEPT
Summary: ASCC3 3'-5' DNA helicase activity is directly supported and central to ALKBH3-coupled dealkylation repair.
Reason: The ALKBH3-ASCC paper demonstrates that ASCC3 unwinds duplex DNA to produce the single-stranded substrate preferred by ALKBH3. This is the most specific molecular-function term for the nuclear DNA repair activity.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:22055184
ASCC3 unwinds DNA to generate the single-stranded substrate needed for ALKBH3-mediated DNA repair
PMID:29144457
Endogenous ASCC3 formed nuclear foci upon treatment of U2OS cells with the alkylating agent
file:human/ASCC3/ASCC3-notes.md
ASCC3 is a large ATP-dependent SF2 helicase with two well-supported functional contexts.
GO:0180022 RQC-trigger complex
IEA
GO_REF:0000117
ACCEPT
Summary: ASCC3 is a core subunit of the human RQC-trigger/hRQT complex.
Reason: The original ASC-1 complex paper supports ASCC3/p200 complex membership, and later RQC papers establish the ASCC3-ASCC2-TRIP4 hRQT complex as the ribosome quality-control trigger. The term is therefore biologically correct, even when the older original reference alone is not sufficient for the modern RQC label.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:32099016
The hRQT complex is composed of ASCC3, ASCC2, and TRIP4
PMID:36302773
the trimeric hRQT complex-mediated subunit dissociation
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:28514442
Architecture of the human interactome defines protein commun...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: The interaction evidence is real but generic protein binding is not an informative ASCC3 molecular-function annotation.
Reason: These rows reflect physical associations from targeted or large-scale interaction data. They are useful as support for ASCC/ALKBH3/hRQT complex biology when specific partners are considered, but the generic GO protein binding term should not be retained as a core MF for ASCC3.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ASCC3/ASCC3-notes.md
Treat generic binding annotations conservatively. `protein binding` rows are interaction evidence but not informative molecular-function curation.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:29997253
RNA ligase-like domain in activating signal cointegrator 1 c...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: The interaction evidence is real but generic protein binding is not an informative ASCC3 molecular-function annotation.
Reason: These rows reflect physical associations from targeted or large-scale interaction data. They are useful as support for ASCC/ALKBH3/hRQT complex biology when specific partners are considered, but the generic GO protein binding term should not be retained as a core MF for ASCC3.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ASCC3/ASCC3-notes.md
Treat generic binding annotations conservatively. `protein binding` rows are interaction evidence but not informative molecular-function curation.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:33961781
Dual proteome-scale networks reveal cell-specific remodeling...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: The interaction evidence is real but generic protein binding is not an informative ASCC3 molecular-function annotation.
Reason: These rows reflect physical associations from targeted or large-scale interaction data. They are useful as support for ASCC/ALKBH3/hRQT complex biology when specific partners are considered, but the generic GO protein binding term should not be retained as a core MF for ASCC3.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ASCC3/ASCC3-notes.md
Treat generic binding annotations conservatively. `protein binding` rows are interaction evidence but not informative molecular-function curation.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:40205054
Multimodal cell maps as a foundation for structural and func...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: The interaction evidence is real but generic protein binding is not an informative ASCC3 molecular-function annotation.
Reason: These rows reflect physical associations from targeted or large-scale interaction data. They are useful as support for ASCC/ALKBH3/hRQT complex biology when specific partners are considered, but the generic GO protein binding term should not be retained as a core MF for ASCC3.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ASCC3/ASCC3-notes.md
Treat generic binding annotations conservatively. `protein binding` rows are interaction evidence but not informative molecular-function curation.
GO:0005829 cytosol
IDA
GO_REF:0000052
ACCEPT
Summary: Cytosolic localization is supported by the ribosome-associated quality-control role.
Reason: ASCC3 acts on cytosolic collided ribosomes as part of hRQT. Cytosol annotations are appropriate for the RQC arm of ASCC3, while nuclear annotations remain appropriate for the DNA repair arm.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:32579943
ASCC acts on ubiquitinated collided ribosomes to selectively disassemble the lead ribosome
PMID:36302773
the trimeric hRQT complex-mediated subunit dissociation
file:human/ASCC3/ASCC3-notes.md
Conservative decision: retain the exact ribosome-rescue/RQC annotations and do not add a new ASCC3 annotation to `GO:0006515`.
GO:0072344 rescue of stalled cytosolic ribosome
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9948299
ACCEPT
Summary: Rescue of stalled cytosolic ribosomes is the PN-relevant core process for ASCC3/hRQT.
Reason: ASCC3 acts in the hRQT/RQC-trigger complex to split ubiquitinated collided ribosomes, allowing downstream RQC. This exact GO term is the conservative PN projection target and is already present in GOA.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:32579943
ASCC acts on ubiquitinated collided ribosomes to selectively disassemble the lead ribosome
PMID:36302773
the trimeric hRQT complex-mediated subunit dissociation
file:human/ASCC3/ASCC3-notes.md
Conservative decision: retain the exact ribosome-rescue/RQC annotations and do not add a new ASCC3 annotation to `GO:0006515`.
Reactome:R-HSA-9948300
splits stalled 80S K63-polyubiquitinated ribosomes into 60S subunits and K63-polyubiquitinated 40S subunits
GO:0005634 nucleus
EXP
PMID:29144457
A ubiquitin-dependent signalling axis specific for ALKBH-med...
ACCEPT
Summary: Nuclear localization is well supported for the ASCC DNA alkylation repair role.
Reason: ASCC3 was originally purified from HeLa nuclei as an ASC-1 complex subunit and later shown to form alkylation-induced nuclear foci with ALKBH3/ASCC repair machinery. This is a core location for the DNA repair arm of ASCC3 biology.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:29144457
Endogenous ASCC3 formed nuclear foci upon treatment of U2OS cells with the alkylating agent
PMID:12077347
ASC-1 exists as a steady-state complex associated with three polypeptides, P200, P100, and P50, in HeLa nuclei
GO:0016607 nuclear speck
EXP
PMID:29144457
A ubiquitin-dependent signalling axis specific for ALKBH-med...
ACCEPT
Summary: Nuclear speckle/foci localization is supported in the alkylation damage response context.
Reason: ASCC3 and ASCC complex foci are linked to RNA polymerase II/splicing-associated nuclear regions after alkylation damage, and ASCC1 is described at nuclear speckle foci before damage. This is a supported subnuclear context for the repair complex rather than a separate enzymatic function.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:29144457
ASCC foci co-localized with elongating (Ser2 phosphorylated) RNA polymerase II
PMID:29997253
ASCC1 is present at nuclear speckle foci prior to damage
GO:0016607 nuclear speck
EXP
PMID:29997253
RNA ligase-like domain in activating signal cointegrator 1 c...
ACCEPT
Summary: Nuclear speckle/foci localization is supported in the alkylation damage response context.
Reason: ASCC3 and ASCC complex foci are linked to RNA polymerase II/splicing-associated nuclear regions after alkylation damage, and ASCC1 is described at nuclear speckle foci before damage. This is a supported subnuclear context for the repair complex rather than a separate enzymatic function.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:29144457
ASCC foci co-localized with elongating (Ser2 phosphorylated) RNA polymerase II
PMID:29997253
ASCC1 is present at nuclear speckle foci prior to damage
GO:0016887 ATP hydrolysis activity
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9948300
ACCEPT
Summary: ATP hydrolysis activity is directly tied to ASCC3 helicase-dependent DNA repair and hRQT ribosome splitting.
Reason: ASCC3 is an ATP-dependent helicase; RQC studies show ASCC3 ATPase activity is required for hRQT-mediated ribosome rescue, and DNA repair studies show ATP-dependent helicase activity in ASCC3. This is an informative core MF annotation.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:32579943
This activity of ASCC3 is dependent on its ATP-dependent helicase activities
PMID:32099016
The ATPase activity of ASCC3 and the ubiquitin-binding activity of ASCC2 are crucial for triggering
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9948291
ACCEPT
Summary: Cytosolic localization is supported by the ribosome-associated quality-control role.
Reason: ASCC3 acts on cytosolic collided ribosomes as part of hRQT. Cytosol annotations are appropriate for the RQC arm of ASCC3, while nuclear annotations remain appropriate for the DNA repair arm.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:32579943
ASCC acts on ubiquitinated collided ribosomes to selectively disassemble the lead ribosome
PMID:36302773
the trimeric hRQT complex-mediated subunit dissociation
file:human/ASCC3/ASCC3-notes.md
Conservative decision: retain the exact ribosome-rescue/RQC annotations and do not add a new ASCC3 annotation to `GO:0006515`.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9948300
ACCEPT
Summary: Cytosolic localization is supported by the ribosome-associated quality-control role.
Reason: ASCC3 acts on cytosolic collided ribosomes as part of hRQT. Cytosol annotations are appropriate for the RQC arm of ASCC3, while nuclear annotations remain appropriate for the DNA repair arm.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:32579943
ASCC acts on ubiquitinated collided ribosomes to selectively disassemble the lead ribosome
PMID:36302773
the trimeric hRQT complex-mediated subunit dissociation
file:human/ASCC3/ASCC3-notes.md
Conservative decision: retain the exact ribosome-rescue/RQC annotations and do not add a new ASCC3 annotation to `GO:0006515`.
GO:0005634 nucleus
IDA
PMID:29997253
RNA ligase-like domain in activating signal cointegrator 1 c...
ACCEPT
Summary: Nuclear localization is well supported for the ASCC DNA alkylation repair role.
Reason: ASCC3 was originally purified from HeLa nuclei as an ASC-1 complex subunit and later shown to form alkylation-induced nuclear foci with ALKBH3/ASCC repair machinery. This is a core location for the DNA repair arm of ASCC3 biology.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:29144457
Endogenous ASCC3 formed nuclear foci upon treatment of U2OS cells with the alkylating agent
PMID:12077347
ASC-1 exists as a steady-state complex associated with three polypeptides, P200, P100, and P50, in HeLa nuclei
GO:0006260 DNA replication
NAS
PMID:29997253
RNA ligase-like domain in activating signal cointegrator 1 c...
REMOVE
Summary: The cited ASCC damage-response evidence does not support a general DNA replication role for ASCC3.
Reason: ASCC3 participates in ALKBH3-mediated alkylation repair and forms repair foci in cell-cycle contexts, but the cited ASCC1/ASCC paper supports repair-complex regulation rather than DNA replication. This annotation appears to overinterpret ComplexPortal context.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:29997253
ASCC1 interacts with the ASCC complex through the ASCC3 helicase subunit
PMID:29144457
Endogenous ASCC3 formed nuclear foci upon treatment of U2OS cells with the alkylating agent
GO:0006307 DNA alkylation repair
NAS
PMID:29997253
RNA ligase-like domain in activating signal cointegrator 1 c...
ACCEPT
Summary: DNA alkylation repair is a directly supported core ASCC3 function.
Reason: ASCC3 unwinds alkylated duplex DNA and supports ALKBH3-dependent DNA dealkylation repair. Later studies show alkylation-specific nuclear recruitment of the ASCC repair complex.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:22055184
ASCC3 unwinds DNA to generate the single-stranded substrate needed for ALKBH3-mediated DNA repair
PMID:29144457
Endogenous ASCC3 formed nuclear foci upon treatment of U2OS cells with the alkylating agent
file:human/ASCC3/ASCC3-notes.md
ASCC3 is a large ATP-dependent SF2 helicase with two well-supported functional contexts.
GO:0032790 ribosome disassembly
NAS
PMID:32099016
Identification of a novel trigger complex that facilitates r...
ACCEPT
Summary: Ribosome disassembly is directly supported by hRQT/ASCC biochemical and cell-based studies.
Reason: ASCC3-containing ASCC/hRQT disassembles ubiquitinated collided ribosomes in an ATP-dependent reaction, which is the mechanistic core of ASCC3 in RQC.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:32579943
ASCC acts on ubiquitinated collided ribosomes to selectively disassemble the lead ribosome
PMID:36302773
hRQT-driven splitting of ribosomes collided on endogenous XBP1u and poly(A) staller mRNAs
GO:1990116 ribosome-associated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
NAS
PMID:32099016
Identification of a novel trigger complex that facilitates r...
ACCEPT
Summary: ASCC3 is upstream in ribosome-associated ubiquitin-dependent nascent-chain quality control.
Reason: ASCC3/hRQT splits stalled, ubiquitinated ribosomes and thereby produces the subunit/nascent-chain intermediates that enter RQC-associated ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation. The term is broader than the immediate splitting event but is supported as the pathway context.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:32099016
Ribosome stalling triggers the ribosome-associated quality control (RQC) pathway
PMID:32579943
60S-peptidyl-tRNAs are substrates for RQC factors that trigger nascent polypeptide ubiquitination and degradation
GO:1990391 DNA repair complex
IPI
PMID:29997253
RNA ligase-like domain in activating signal cointegrator 1 c...
ACCEPT
Summary: ASCC3 is a subunit of the ASCC DNA alkylation repair complex.
Reason: The ASCC1/ASCC2/ASCC3 complex is repeatedly supported in the alkylation repair literature and is recruited with ALKBH3 to alkylation-induced nuclear foci.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:29997253
ASCC1 interacts with the ASCC complex through the ASCC3 helicase subunit
PMID:29144457
Endogenous ASCC3 formed nuclear foci upon treatment of U2OS cells with the alkylating agent
GO:0016887 ATP hydrolysis activity
IDA
PMID:32579943
The ASC-1 Complex Disassembles Collided Ribosomes.
ACCEPT
Summary: ATP hydrolysis activity is directly tied to ASCC3 helicase-dependent DNA repair and hRQT ribosome splitting.
Reason: ASCC3 is an ATP-dependent helicase; RQC studies show ASCC3 ATPase activity is required for hRQT-mediated ribosome rescue, and DNA repair studies show ATP-dependent helicase activity in ASCC3. This is an informative core MF annotation.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:32579943
This activity of ASCC3 is dependent on its ATP-dependent helicase activities
PMID:32099016
The ATPase activity of ASCC3 and the ubiquitin-binding activity of ASCC2 are crucial for triggering
GO:0016887 ATP hydrolysis activity
IDA
PMID:36302773
A distinct mammalian disome collision interface harbors K63-...
ACCEPT
Summary: ATP hydrolysis activity is directly tied to ASCC3 helicase-dependent DNA repair and hRQT ribosome splitting.
Reason: ASCC3 is an ATP-dependent helicase; RQC studies show ASCC3 ATPase activity is required for hRQT-mediated ribosome rescue, and DNA repair studies show ATP-dependent helicase activity in ASCC3. This is an informative core MF annotation.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:32579943
This activity of ASCC3 is dependent on its ATP-dependent helicase activities
PMID:32099016
The ATPase activity of ASCC3 and the ubiquitin-binding activity of ASCC2 are crucial for triggering
GO:0022626 cytosolic ribosome
IDA
PMID:36302773
A distinct mammalian disome collision interface harbors K63-...
ACCEPT
Summary: ASCC3 is active on cytosolic ribosomes during hRQT-mediated RQC initiation.
Reason: The RQC studies directly place ASCC3/hRQT on collided cytosolic ribosomes and show that ASCC3 ATPase activity drives subunit dissociation.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:32579943
ASCC acts on ubiquitinated collided ribosomes to selectively disassemble the lead ribosome
PMID:36302773
the trimeric hRQT complex-mediated subunit dissociation
file:human/ASCC3/ASCC3-notes.md
Conservative decision: retain the exact ribosome-rescue/RQC annotations and do not add a new ASCC3 annotation to `GO:0006515`.
GO:0032790 ribosome disassembly
IDA
PMID:32579943
The ASC-1 Complex Disassembles Collided Ribosomes.
ACCEPT
Summary: Ribosome disassembly is directly supported by hRQT/ASCC biochemical and cell-based studies.
Reason: ASCC3-containing ASCC/hRQT disassembles ubiquitinated collided ribosomes in an ATP-dependent reaction, which is the mechanistic core of ASCC3 in RQC.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:32579943
ASCC acts on ubiquitinated collided ribosomes to selectively disassemble the lead ribosome
PMID:36302773
hRQT-driven splitting of ribosomes collided on endogenous XBP1u and poly(A) staller mRNAs
GO:0032790 ribosome disassembly
IDA
PMID:36302773
A distinct mammalian disome collision interface harbors K63-...
ACCEPT
Summary: Ribosome disassembly is directly supported by hRQT/ASCC biochemical and cell-based studies.
Reason: ASCC3-containing ASCC/hRQT disassembles ubiquitinated collided ribosomes in an ATP-dependent reaction, which is the mechanistic core of ASCC3 in RQC.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:32579943
ASCC acts on ubiquitinated collided ribosomes to selectively disassemble the lead ribosome
PMID:36302773
hRQT-driven splitting of ribosomes collided on endogenous XBP1u and poly(A) staller mRNAs
GO:0072344 rescue of stalled cytosolic ribosome
IDA
PMID:32579943
The ASC-1 Complex Disassembles Collided Ribosomes.
ACCEPT
Summary: Rescue of stalled cytosolic ribosomes is the PN-relevant core process for ASCC3/hRQT.
Reason: ASCC3 acts in the hRQT/RQC-trigger complex to split ubiquitinated collided ribosomes, allowing downstream RQC. This exact GO term is the conservative PN projection target and is already present in GOA.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:32579943
ASCC acts on ubiquitinated collided ribosomes to selectively disassemble the lead ribosome
PMID:36302773
the trimeric hRQT complex-mediated subunit dissociation
file:human/ASCC3/ASCC3-notes.md
Conservative decision: retain the exact ribosome-rescue/RQC annotations and do not add a new ASCC3 annotation to `GO:0006515`.
Reactome:R-HSA-9948300
splits stalled 80S K63-polyubiquitinated ribosomes into 60S subunits and K63-polyubiquitinated 40S subunits
GO:0072344 rescue of stalled cytosolic ribosome
IDA
PMID:36302773
A distinct mammalian disome collision interface harbors K63-...
ACCEPT
Summary: Rescue of stalled cytosolic ribosomes is the PN-relevant core process for ASCC3/hRQT.
Reason: ASCC3 acts in the hRQT/RQC-trigger complex to split ubiquitinated collided ribosomes, allowing downstream RQC. This exact GO term is the conservative PN projection target and is already present in GOA.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:32579943
ASCC acts on ubiquitinated collided ribosomes to selectively disassemble the lead ribosome
PMID:36302773
the trimeric hRQT complex-mediated subunit dissociation
file:human/ASCC3/ASCC3-notes.md
Conservative decision: retain the exact ribosome-rescue/RQC annotations and do not add a new ASCC3 annotation to `GO:0006515`.
Reactome:R-HSA-9948300
splits stalled 80S K63-polyubiquitinated ribosomes into 60S subunits and K63-polyubiquitinated 40S subunits
GO:0072344 rescue of stalled cytosolic ribosome
IMP
PMID:32099016
Identification of a novel trigger complex that facilitates r...
ACCEPT
Summary: Rescue of stalled cytosolic ribosomes is the PN-relevant core process for ASCC3/hRQT.
Reason: ASCC3 acts in the hRQT/RQC-trigger complex to split ubiquitinated collided ribosomes, allowing downstream RQC. This exact GO term is the conservative PN projection target and is already present in GOA.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:32579943
ASCC acts on ubiquitinated collided ribosomes to selectively disassemble the lead ribosome
PMID:36302773
the trimeric hRQT complex-mediated subunit dissociation
file:human/ASCC3/ASCC3-notes.md
Conservative decision: retain the exact ribosome-rescue/RQC annotations and do not add a new ASCC3 annotation to `GO:0006515`.
Reactome:R-HSA-9948300
splits stalled 80S K63-polyubiquitinated ribosomes into 60S subunits and K63-polyubiquitinated 40S subunits
GO:1990116 ribosome-associated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
IMP
PMID:32099016
Identification of a novel trigger complex that facilitates r...
ACCEPT
Summary: ASCC3 is upstream in ribosome-associated ubiquitin-dependent nascent-chain quality control.
Reason: ASCC3/hRQT splits stalled, ubiquitinated ribosomes and thereby produces the subunit/nascent-chain intermediates that enter RQC-associated ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation. The term is broader than the immediate splitting event but is supported as the pathway context.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:32099016
Ribosome stalling triggers the ribosome-associated quality control (RQC) pathway
PMID:32579943
60S-peptidyl-tRNAs are substrates for RQC factors that trigger nascent polypeptide ubiquitination and degradation
GO:0005829 cytosol
IDA
PMID:28757607
Ubiquitination of stalled ribosome triggers ribosome-associa...
ACCEPT
Summary: Cytosolic localization is supported by the ribosome-associated quality-control role.
Reason: ASCC3 acts on cytosolic collided ribosomes as part of hRQT. Cytosol annotations are appropriate for the RQC arm of ASCC3, while nuclear annotations remain appropriate for the DNA repair arm.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:32579943
ASCC acts on ubiquitinated collided ribosomes to selectively disassemble the lead ribosome
PMID:36302773
the trimeric hRQT complex-mediated subunit dissociation
file:human/ASCC3/ASCC3-notes.md
Conservative decision: retain the exact ribosome-rescue/RQC annotations and do not add a new ASCC3 annotation to `GO:0006515`.
GO:0180022 RQC-trigger complex
IDA
PMID:12077347
Novel transcription coactivator complex containing activatin...
ACCEPT
Summary: ASCC3 is a core subunit of the human RQC-trigger/hRQT complex.
Reason: The original ASC-1 complex paper supports ASCC3/p200 complex membership, and later RQC papers establish the ASCC3-ASCC2-TRIP4 hRQT complex as the ribosome quality-control trigger. The term is therefore biologically correct, even when the older original reference alone is not sufficient for the modern RQC label.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:32099016
The hRQT complex is composed of ASCC3, ASCC2, and TRIP4
PMID:36302773
the trimeric hRQT complex-mediated subunit dissociation
GO:0005634 nucleus
IDA
PMID:12077347
Novel transcription coactivator complex containing activatin...
ACCEPT
Summary: Nuclear localization is well supported for the ASCC DNA alkylation repair role.
Reason: ASCC3 was originally purified from HeLa nuclei as an ASC-1 complex subunit and later shown to form alkylation-induced nuclear foci with ALKBH3/ASCC repair machinery. This is a core location for the DNA repair arm of ASCC3 biology.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:29144457
Endogenous ASCC3 formed nuclear foci upon treatment of U2OS cells with the alkylating agent
PMID:12077347
ASC-1 exists as a steady-state complex associated with three polypeptides, P200, P100, and P50, in HeLa nuclei
GO:0005654 nucleoplasm
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-112123
ACCEPT
Summary: Nucleoplasm annotations from Reactome ALKBH3 repair events are consistent with ASCC3 nuclear DNA repair function.
Reason: Reactome ALKBH3 dealkylation events correctly place the ASCC1:ASCC2:ASCC3 repair complex in the nucleoplasm during alkylated DNA repair. This is compatible with direct nuclear foci evidence.
Supporting Evidence:
Reactome:R-HSA-112123
The reversal of alkylating damage of dsDNA by ALKBH3 requires the presence of DNA helicase ASCC3
PMID:29144457
Endogenous ASCC3 formed nuclear foci upon treatment of U2OS cells with the alkylating agent
GO:0005654 nucleoplasm
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-112124
ACCEPT
Summary: Nucleoplasm annotations from Reactome ALKBH3 repair events are consistent with ASCC3 nuclear DNA repair function.
Reason: Reactome ALKBH3 dealkylation events correctly place the ASCC1:ASCC2:ASCC3 repair complex in the nucleoplasm during alkylated DNA repair. This is compatible with direct nuclear foci evidence.
Supporting Evidence:
Reactome:R-HSA-112123
The reversal of alkylating damage of dsDNA by ALKBH3 requires the presence of DNA helicase ASCC3
PMID:29144457
Endogenous ASCC3 formed nuclear foci upon treatment of U2OS cells with the alkylating agent
GO:0005654 nucleoplasm
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-112125
ACCEPT
Summary: Nucleoplasm annotations from Reactome ALKBH3 repair events are consistent with ASCC3 nuclear DNA repair function.
Reason: Reactome ALKBH3 dealkylation events correctly place the ASCC1:ASCC2:ASCC3 repair complex in the nucleoplasm during alkylated DNA repair. This is compatible with direct nuclear foci evidence.
Supporting Evidence:
Reactome:R-HSA-112123
The reversal of alkylating damage of dsDNA by ALKBH3 requires the presence of DNA helicase ASCC3
PMID:29144457
Endogenous ASCC3 formed nuclear foci upon treatment of U2OS cells with the alkylating agent
GO:0005654 nucleoplasm
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-5657617
ACCEPT
Summary: Nucleoplasm annotations from Reactome ALKBH3 repair events are consistent with ASCC3 nuclear DNA repair function.
Reason: Reactome ALKBH3 dealkylation events correctly place the ASCC1:ASCC2:ASCC3 repair complex in the nucleoplasm during alkylated DNA repair. This is compatible with direct nuclear foci evidence.
Supporting Evidence:
Reactome:R-HSA-112123
The reversal of alkylating damage of dsDNA by ALKBH3 requires the presence of DNA helicase ASCC3
PMID:29144457
Endogenous ASCC3 formed nuclear foci upon treatment of U2OS cells with the alkylating agent
GO:0005654 nucleoplasm
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-5657637
ACCEPT
Summary: Nucleoplasm annotations from Reactome ALKBH3 repair events are consistent with ASCC3 nuclear DNA repair function.
Reason: Reactome ALKBH3 dealkylation events correctly place the ASCC1:ASCC2:ASCC3 repair complex in the nucleoplasm during alkylated DNA repair. This is compatible with direct nuclear foci evidence.
Supporting Evidence:
Reactome:R-HSA-112123
The reversal of alkylating damage of dsDNA by ALKBH3 requires the presence of DNA helicase ASCC3
PMID:29144457
Endogenous ASCC3 formed nuclear foci upon treatment of U2OS cells with the alkylating agent
GO:0005654 nucleoplasm
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-5657642
ACCEPT
Summary: Nucleoplasm annotations from Reactome ALKBH3 repair events are consistent with ASCC3 nuclear DNA repair function.
Reason: Reactome ALKBH3 dealkylation events correctly place the ASCC1:ASCC2:ASCC3 repair complex in the nucleoplasm during alkylated DNA repair. This is compatible with direct nuclear foci evidence.
Supporting Evidence:
Reactome:R-HSA-112123
The reversal of alkylating damage of dsDNA by ALKBH3 requires the presence of DNA helicase ASCC3
PMID:29144457
Endogenous ASCC3 formed nuclear foci upon treatment of U2OS cells with the alkylating agent
GO:0016020 membrane
HDA
PMID:19946888
Defining the membrane proteome of NK cells.
REMOVE
Summary: The high-throughput membrane localization is not consistent with the curated ASCC3 functional picture.
Reason: ASCC3 is a soluble nuclear/cytosolic helicase in ASCC and hRQT complexes and lacks a compelling membrane-associated core role. The membrane-proteome HDA row is likely a peripheral or proteomics-carryover signal and should not be retained.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ASCC3/ASCC3-notes.md
Remove the high-throughput `membrane` localization: ASCC3 is a soluble nuclear/cytosolic protein with no transmembrane-domain basis
GO:0003723 RNA binding
HDA
PMID:22681889
The mRNA-bound proteome and its global occupancy profile on ...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: RNA binding is plausible for ASCC3 but is less specific than its characterized helicase/RQT roles.
Reason: ASCC3 contacts nucleic acids in both the DNA repair and ribosome-rescue settings, and purified ASCC3 can bind ssRNA in vitro, but RNA binding alone does not capture the core ATP-dependent activities. Keep the annotation as contextual rather than using it as the main MF.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:29144457
Purified ASCC3 bound to ssRNA in vitro
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:22055184
DNA unwinding by ASCC3 helicase is coupled to ALKBH3-depende...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: The interaction evidence is real but generic protein binding is not an informative ASCC3 molecular-function annotation.
Reason: These rows reflect physical associations from targeted or large-scale interaction data. They are useful as support for ASCC/ALKBH3/hRQT complex biology when specific partners are considered, but the generic GO protein binding term should not be retained as a core MF for ASCC3.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ASCC3/ASCC3-notes.md
Treat generic binding annotations conservatively. `protein binding` rows are interaction evidence but not informative molecular-function curation.
GO:0005634 nucleus
TAS
PMID:22055184
DNA unwinding by ASCC3 helicase is coupled to ALKBH3-depende...
ACCEPT
Summary: Nuclear localization is well supported for the ASCC DNA alkylation repair role.
Reason: ASCC3 was originally purified from HeLa nuclei as an ASC-1 complex subunit and later shown to form alkylation-induced nuclear foci with ALKBH3/ASCC repair machinery. This is a core location for the DNA repair arm of ASCC3 biology.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:29144457
Endogenous ASCC3 formed nuclear foci upon treatment of U2OS cells with the alkylating agent
PMID:12077347
ASC-1 exists as a steady-state complex associated with three polypeptides, P200, P100, and P50, in HeLa nuclei
GO:0006307 DNA alkylation repair
IDA
PMID:22055184
DNA unwinding by ASCC3 helicase is coupled to ALKBH3-depende...
ACCEPT
Summary: DNA alkylation repair is a directly supported core ASCC3 function.
Reason: ASCC3 unwinds alkylated duplex DNA and supports ALKBH3-dependent DNA dealkylation repair. Later studies show alkylation-specific nuclear recruitment of the ASCC repair complex.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:22055184
ASCC3 unwinds DNA to generate the single-stranded substrate needed for ALKBH3-mediated DNA repair
PMID:29144457
Endogenous ASCC3 formed nuclear foci upon treatment of U2OS cells with the alkylating agent
file:human/ASCC3/ASCC3-notes.md
ASCC3 is a large ATP-dependent SF2 helicase with two well-supported functional contexts.
GO:0043138 3'-5' DNA helicase activity
IDA
PMID:22055184
DNA unwinding by ASCC3 helicase is coupled to ALKBH3-depende...
ACCEPT
Summary: ASCC3 3'-5' DNA helicase activity is directly supported and central to ALKBH3-coupled dealkylation repair.
Reason: The ALKBH3-ASCC paper demonstrates that ASCC3 unwinds duplex DNA to produce the single-stranded substrate preferred by ALKBH3. This is the most specific molecular-function term for the nuclear DNA repair activity.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:22055184
ASCC3 unwinds DNA to generate the single-stranded substrate needed for ALKBH3-mediated DNA repair
PMID:29144457
Endogenous ASCC3 formed nuclear foci upon treatment of U2OS cells with the alkylating agent
file:human/ASCC3/ASCC3-notes.md
ASCC3 is a large ATP-dependent SF2 helicase with two well-supported functional contexts.

Core Functions

ASCC3 is the catalytic 3'-5' DNA helicase of the nuclear ASCC-ALKBH3 dealkylation repair complex. It unwinds alkylated duplex DNA to expose single-stranded substrates for ALKBH3 and is recruited to alkylation-induced nuclear foci.

Supporting Evidence:
  • PMID:22055184
    ASCC3 unwinds DNA to generate the single-stranded substrate needed for ALKBH3-mediated DNA repair
  • PMID:29144457
    Endogenous ASCC3 formed nuclear foci upon treatment of U2OS cells with the alkylating agent
  • file:human/ASCC3/ASCC3-notes.md
    ASCC3 is a large ATP-dependent SF2 helicase with two well-supported functional contexts.
  • PMID:29997253
    ASCC1 interacts with the ASCC complex through the ASCC3 helicase subunit

ASCC3/RQT2 is the ATPase subunit of the cytosolic hRQT/RQC-trigger complex. Together with ASCC2 and TRIP4, it acts on K63-ubiquitinated collided ribosomes and promotes ribosomal subunit dissociation, enabling downstream ribosome-associated quality control of stalled nascent chains.

Supporting Evidence:
  • PMID:32579943
    ASCC acts on ubiquitinated collided ribosomes to selectively disassemble the lead ribosome
  • PMID:36302773
    the trimeric hRQT complex-mediated subunit dissociation
  • file:human/ASCC3/ASCC3-notes.md
    Conservative decision: retain the exact ribosome-rescue/RQC annotations and do not add a new ASCC3 annotation to `GO:0006515`.
  • PMID:32099016
    The hRQT complex is composed of ASCC3, ASCC2, and TRIP4

References

file:human/ASCC3/ASCC3-notes.md
ASCC3 review notes
  • ASCC3 has separable nuclear DNA alkylation repair and cytosolic hRQT ribosome-rescue roles, and the PN GO:0006515 projection was not added because more specific RQC terms are already present.
    "Conservative decision: retain the exact ribosome-rescue/RQC annotations and do not add a new ASCC3 annotation to `GO:0006515`."
Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms
Gene Ontology annotation based on Enzyme Commission mapping
Annotation inferences using phylogenetic trees
Gene Ontology annotation based on UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Subcellular Location vocabulary mapping, accompanied by conservative changes to GO terms applied by UniProt
Gene Ontology annotation based on curation of immunofluorescence data
Automatic Gene Ontology annotation based on Rhea mapping
Electronic Gene Ontology annotations created by ARBA machine learning models
Novel transcription coactivator complex containing activating signal cointegrator 1.
Defining the membrane proteome of NK cells.
DNA unwinding by ASCC3 helicase is coupled to ALKBH3-dependent DNA alkylation repair and cancer cell proliferation.
  • ASCC3 helicase activity provides single-stranded substrate for ALKBH3-mediated DNA repair.
    "ASCC3 unwinds DNA to generate the single-stranded substrate needed for ALKBH3-mediated DNA repair"
The mRNA-bound proteome and its global occupancy profile on protein-coding transcripts.
Architecture of the human interactome defines protein communities and disease networks.
Ubiquitination of stalled ribosome triggers ribosome-associated quality control.
A ubiquitin-dependent signalling axis specific for ALKBH-mediated DNA dealkylation repair.
  • ASCC3 is recruited to alkylation-induced nuclear foci in the ASCC dealkylation repair pathway.
    "Endogenous ASCC3 formed nuclear foci upon treatment of U2OS cells with the alkylating agent"
RNA ligase-like domain in activating signal cointegrator 1 complex subunit 1 (ASCC1) regulates ASCC complex function during alkylation damage.
  • ASCC1 regulates ASCC complex function by interacting through ASCC3 during alkylation damage signaling.
    "ASCC1 interacts with the ASCC complex through the ASCC3 helicase subunit"
Identification of a novel trigger complex that facilitates ribosome-associated quality control in mammalian cells.
  • The human RQT complex contains ASCC3, ASCC2, and TRIP4 and triggers RQC.
    "The hRQT complex is composed of ASCC3, ASCC2, and TRIP4"
The ASC-1 Complex Disassembles Collided Ribosomes.
  • ASCC disassembles ubiquitinated collided ribosomes, defining ASCC3 as a core RQC ribosome-rescue factor.
    "ASCC acts on ubiquitinated collided ribosomes to selectively disassemble the lead ribosome"
Dual proteome-scale networks reveal cell-specific remodeling of the human interactome.
A distinct mammalian disome collision interface harbors K63-linked polyubiquitination of uS10 to trigger hRQT-mediated subunit dissociation.
  • K63-linked uS10 polyubiquitination triggers hRQT-mediated subunit dissociation.
    "the trimeric hRQT complex-mediated subunit dissociation"
Extended DNA threading through a dual-engine motor module of the activating signal co-integrator 1 complex.
  • ASCC3 contains two tandem Ski2-like NTPase/helicase cassettes that cooperate to thread substrate through both cassettes, and TRIP4 docks via a zinc-finger domain to position an ASCH domain next to the C-terminal cassette and stimulate the helicase.
  • TRIP4 and the dealkylase ALKBH3 bind ASCC3 in a mutually exclusive manner, providing a mechanism that directs ASCC3 toward distinct cellular processes.
The ASC-1 complex promotes translation initiation by scanning ribosomes.
  • ASCC3 associates with scanning ribosomes and localizes predominantly to 5' untranslated regions, and its knockdown impairs 43S preinitiation complex loading and scanning dynamics, reducing translation efficiency for a subset of transcripts.
ASCC3 promotes the immunosuppression and progression of non-small cell lung cancer by impairing the type I interferon response via CAND1-mediated ubiquitination inhibition of STAT3.
  • In non-small cell lung cancer ASCC3 is upregulated and reported to stabilize STAT3 by recruiting CAND1 to inhibit STAT3 ubiquitination, impairing the type I interferon response and promoting an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.
Ribosomal collision is not a prerequisite for ZNF598-mediated ribosome ubiquitination and disassembly of ribosomal complexes by ASCC.
  • After ZNF598-dependent K63-polyubiquitination of uS10, ASCC efficiently disassembles polysomal, monosomal, 80S elongation and 48S initiation complexes without a strict requirement for ribosomal collision, provided at least ~30-35 nucleotides of 3' mRNA remain downstream of the P site.
Case report: Second report of neuromuscular syndrome caused by biallelic variants in ASCC3.
  • Biallelic loss-of-function variants in ASCC3 cause an autosomal-recessive neurodevelopmental and neuromuscular syndrome (MIM:620700) featuring global developmental delay, intellectual disability, reduced muscle tone and motor and language impairment.
Multimodal cell maps as a foundation for structural and functional genomics.
Reactome:R-HSA-112123
Oxidative demethylation of 1-meA damaged DNA By ALKBH3
Reactome:R-HSA-112124
Oxidative demethylation of 3-meC damaged DNA By ALKBH3
Reactome:R-HSA-112125
Oxidative dealkylation of 1-EtA damaged DNA by ABH3
Reactome:R-HSA-5657617
ALKBH3 associated with ASCC1:ASCC2:ASCC3 binds alkylated dsDNA containing 3-meC
Reactome:R-HSA-5657637
ALKBH3 associated with ASCC1:ASCC2:ASCC3 binds alkylated dsDNA containing 1-meA
Reactome:R-HSA-5657642
ALKBH3 in complex with ASCC1:ASCC2:ASCC3 binds alkylated DNA containing 1-etA
Reactome:R-HSA-9948291
RQT complex binds K63polyUb-80S ribosome:no-go mRNA:peptidyl-tRNA with nascent peptide
Reactome:R-HSA-9948299
Ribosome-associated quality control
Reactome:R-HSA-9948300
RQT complex:K63polyUb-80S ribosome dissociates yielding K63polyUb-40S subunit and 60S subunit:peptidyl-tRNA with nascent peptide

Suggested Questions for Experts

Q: Should PN ribosome-associated QC mappings continue to project the broad GO:0006515 term to genes like ASCC3 when more specific ribosome-rescue and RQC catabolic-process terms are already present?

Q: Which endogenous mammalian stall substrates, beyond XBP1u and poly(A)-based reporters, depend most strongly on ASCC3/hRQT for ribosome rescue?

Q: Can ASCC3 disease-associated variants be separated into nuclear DNA-repair defects, cytosolic RQC defects, or combined helicase-loss mechanisms?

Q: Does the ASCC3/ASC-1 complex role in promoting translation initiation by scanning ribosomes at 5'-UTRs (Kito et al. 2023) warrant a distinct molecular-function or biological-process annotation separate from its collided-ribosome rescue activity?

Q: Are the neurodevelopmental/neuromuscular phenotypes of biallelic ASCC3 loss-of-function variants driven primarily by impaired ribosome-associated quality control, impaired DNA alkylation repair, impaired translation initiation, or a combination?

Q: Is the reported STAT3/CAND1-stabilizing, interferon-dampening activity of ASCC3 in NSCLC a direct helicase-dependent function or an indirect consequence of altered proteostasis or translation, and should it be curated as a molecular function?

Suggested Experiments

Experiment: Use acute ASCC3 depletion or degron tagging with wild-type and ATPase-dead rescue constructs, then quantify endogenous collided-ribosome clearance by disome profiling and nascent-chain ubiquitination/degradation assays.

Hypothesis: ASCC3 ATPase activity is required for clearance of endogenous mammalian collided ribosomes, not only engineered stalling reporters.

Type: cell biology and ribosome profiling

Experiment: Engineer complex-selective ASCC3 separation-of-function variants or localization-restricted rescue constructs to compare MMS-induced ALKBH3 repair foci with hRQT-mediated poly(A)/XBP1u ribosome rescue.

Hypothesis: The nuclear dealkylation repair and cytosolic hRQT roles can be genetically decoupled.

Type: separation-of-function rescue

Experiment: Test ASCC3 patient variants in parallel assays for ALKBH3-dependent alkylation damage resistance and hRQT-dependent stalled-ribosome splitting.

Hypothesis: Some ASCC3 variants impair one functional context more strongly than the other.

Type: variant functional assay

Deep Research

Falcon

(ASCC3-deep-research-falcon.md)
this with annotations you find in gene/protein databases, but these can be outdated or inaccurate. Falcon Edison Scientific Literature 37 citations 2 artifacts 2026-06-07T04:59:44.358825

The research report should be a detailed narrative explaining the function, biological processes, and localization of the gene product. Citations should be given for all claims.

You should prioritize authoritative reviews and primary scientific literature when conducting research. You can supplement
this with annotations you find in gene/protein databases, but these can be outdated or inaccurate.

We are specifically interested in the primary function of the gene - for enzymes, what reaction is catalyzed, and what is the substrate specificity? For transporters, what is the substrate? For structural proteins or adapters, what is the broader structural role? For signaling molecules, what is the role in the pathway.

We are interested in where in or outside the cell the gene product carries out its function.

We are also interested in the signaling or biochemical pathways in which the gene functions. We are less interested in broad pleiotropic effects, except where these elucidate the precise role.

Include evidence where possible. We are interested in both experimental evidence as well as inference from structure, evolution, or bioinformatic analysis. Precise studies should be prioritized over high-throughput, where available.

Research report: Human ASCC3 (UniProt Q8N3C0) — functional annotation and current understanding

0) Target verification (gene/protein identity)

The literature retrieved here consistently uses ASCC3 to denote the human “Activating signal co-integrator 1 complex subunit 3”, a Ski2-like helicase/ATPase subunit within the ASC-1/ASCC complex, matching the provided UniProt entry (Q8N3C0) and distinguishing it from unrelated similarly named factors. ASCC is described as containing ASCC1, ASCC2, ASCC3 and TRIP4/ASC1, with ASCC3 as the largest helicase subunit. (jia2020theinteractionof pages 1-2, kito2023theasc‐1complex pages 1-2)

1) Key concepts and definitions (current understanding)

1.1 ASCC / ASC-1 complex and modularity

ASCC3 functions in a multi-protein assembly often called the ASC-1 complex or ASCC. In translation quality control contexts, ASCC is the mammalian counterpart of the yeast RQT (ribosome quality control trigger) complex and is recruited to ubiquitinated stalled ribosomes to catalyze splitting/disassembly. (juszkiewicz2020theasc1complex pages 1-3, miscicka2024ribosomalcollisionis pages 1-2)

In genome maintenance contexts, ASCC3 participates in an ALKBH3–ASCC dealkylation pathway, where ASCC3 helicase activity provides single-stranded nucleic-acid substrate for the dealkylase ALKBH3 and other ASCC components regulate recruitment/assembly. (jia2020theinteractionof pages 1-2, soll2018rnaligaselikedomain pages 1-2)

A central unifying concept from recent structural work is that ASCC3 forms process-specific submodules by partnering with different factors; in particular, TRIP4 can stimulate ASCC3 helicase activity and can direct ASCC3 toward distinct cellular processes compared with ALKBH3-associated repair. (jia2023extendeddnathreading pages 1-2, jia2023extendeddnathreading pages 8-9)

1.2 ASCC3 as a Ski2-like tandem helicase (“dual-cassette”)

ASCC3 is a nucleic-acid-dependent NTPase/helicase with two consecutive Ski2-like helicase cassettes (often referred to as N-terminal cassette and C-terminal cassette). This dual-cassette architecture is central to its motor function in both DNA and RNA-associated processes. (jia2023extendeddnathreading pages 1-2, jia2023extendeddnathreading pages 8-9)

2) Primary molecular function: enzymatic activity, substrates, and mechanism

2.1 Catalytic activity and directionality

ASCC3 is a DNA translocase/helicase with 3′→5′ directionality (as described in mechanistic studies of the ASCC3 system) and contains tandem Ski2-like NTPase/helicase cassettes. (jia2023extendeddnathreading pages 1-2)

Recent mechanistic analysis indicates that both helicase cassettes are catalytically active ATPases/helicases: inactivation of either cassette produces partial loss of overall helicase activity, supporting a “dual-engine” model rather than a single active cassette. (jia2023extendeddnathreading pages 8-9, jia2023extendeddnathreading pages 5-6)

2.2 DNA threading mechanism through two helicase cassettes (2023 advance)

A major 2023 development was the cryo-EM and crosslinking/mass-spectrometry-based mechanism showing ASCC3 can thread a DNA strand through both helicase cassettes (an “extended threading” model). TRIP4 docks via a Zn-finger and positions an ASCH domain adjacent to the C-terminal helicase cassette, likely aiding substrate engagement and DNA exit. (jia2023extendeddnathreading pages 1-2, jia2023extendeddnathreading pages 8-9, jia2023extendeddnathreading pages 7-8)

Notably, TRIP4 enhances substrate engagement and helicase output without necessarily increasing ATPase rate, consistent with a coupling/engagement model rather than simple acceleration of hydrolysis. (jia2023extendeddnathreading pages 5-6, jia2023extendeddnathreading pages 6-6)

2.3 DNA vs RNA substrates

Although ASCC3’s genome maintenance roles emphasize DNA, ASCC3 also has RNA unwinding activity in vitro (relevant to ribosome quality control), and TRIP4 can modulate RNA unwinding kinetics, albeit with lower activity than on DNA in reported assays. (jia2023extendeddnathreading pages 8-9, jia2023extendeddnathreading pages 6-6)

2.4 Partner specificity: TRIP4 vs ALKBH3 are mutually exclusive

A key mechanistic regulatory principle is that TRIP4 and ALKBH3 bind ASCC3 mutually exclusively, providing a concrete mechanism for routing ASCC3 toward distinct processes (e.g., TRIP4-linked transcription/RQC functions versus ALKBH3-linked alkylation repair). (jia2023extendeddnathreading pages 1-2, jia2023extendeddnathreading pages 7-8, jia2023extendeddnathreading pages 2-3)

3) Biological roles and pathways

3.1 Alkylation damage response / dealkylation repair (ALKBH3–ASCC axis)

In the alkylation damage response, ASCC3 is a core ASCC subunit functioning as a DNA helicase required for ALKBH3-dependent dealkylation, with ASCC3 proposed to generate single-stranded substrate needed for repair. (jia2020theinteractionof pages 1-2, soll2018rnaligaselikedomain pages 1-2)

Localization and recruitment: upon alkylation damage, ASCC2 and ASCC3 form nuclear foci; ASCC2 recognizes non-proteasomal K63-linked ubiquitin signals generated by the E3 ligase RNF113A and recruits ASCC3 and ALKBH3. (soll2018rnaligaselikedomain pages 1-2, brickner2019activationandregulation pages 139-144)

Complex architecture in this pathway: ASCC3 can function as a scaffold bridging ASCC1 and ASCC2 (loss of ASCC3 disrupts ASCC1–ASCC2 association), supporting its central organizational role beyond its motor activity. (soll2018rnaligaselikedomain pages 1-2)

3.2 Ribosome-associated quality control (RQC): collided/stalled ribosome splitting

Foundational biochemical reconstitution in mammalian systems established that the ASC-1/ASCC complex containing ASCC3 disassembles the leading ribosome in collided queues in an ATP-dependent manner, producing 60S–nascent chain substrates for downstream RQC. (juszkiewicz2020theasc1complex pages 1-3)

Upstream signal: ASCC-mediated splitting depends on ZNF598-mediated ubiquitination of 40S ribosomal proteins at the mRNA entrance (e.g., uS10/eS10 in mammals), which triggers recruitment/activation of the splitting machinery. (miscicka2024ribosomalcollisionis pages 1-2, juszkiewicz2020theasc1complex pages 1-3)

Recent mechanistic constraints (2024 advance): in vitro reconstitution showed ASCC can dissociate multiple ribosomal states (polysomes, monosomes, even 48S initiation complexes) provided an overhanging mRNA region is available; a key quantitative requirement reported was ≥30–35 nt of 3′ mRNA downstream of the P site for efficient ASCC function. (miscicka2024ribosomalcollisionis pages 14-15)

3.3 Translation initiation control by scanning ribosomes (2023 advance)

Beyond collision rescue, ASCC also associates with scanning ribosomes. Selective translation complex profiling approaches found ASCC3 localizes predominantly to 5′ UTRs; ASCC3 knockdown impaired 43S preinitiation complex loading and scanning dynamics, reducing translation efficiency for a subset of transcripts. (kito2023theasc‐1complex pages 1-2, kito2023theasc‐1complex pages 10-11)

A mechanistic interpretation proposed in this work is that ASCC3’s tandem cassette architecture (informed by RQT/ASCC models) could engage structured 5′ UTRs and modulate scanning or PIC loading for selected mRNAs. (kito2023theasc‐1complex pages 10-11)

4) Cellular localization and regulation

4.1 Nuclear speckle/foci localization in alkylation response

ASCC3 participates in damage-induced nuclear foci during alkylation stress, with ASCC2-dependent recruitment via K63-linked ubiquitin signaling and RNF113A/UBC13 machinery. (soll2018rnaligaselikedomain pages 1-2, brickner2019activationandregulation pages 139-144)

4.2 Translation machinery association

ASCC3 is detected on eIF4A1-bound scanning ribosomes and enriched in 5′ UTR regions in profiling experiments, consistent with direct translation-initiation-related localization. (kito2023theasc‐1complex pages 1-2)

5) Human phenotypes and disease relevance

5.1 Mendelian neurodevelopmental/neuromuscular syndrome (biallelic variants)

A 2024 clinical report describes neuromuscular syndrome/developmental delay associated with biallelic ASCC3 variants (MIM: 620700), analyzing 3 families and reviewing additional previously reported variants. Reported phenotypes include global developmental delay with intellectual disability, motor impairment, language retardation, reduced muscle tone/strength, and neonatal feeding difficulties/dysphagia in one proband. (li2024casereportsecond pages 1-2)

5.2 Cancer: NSCLC immunosuppression and immunotherapy resistance (2023)

A 2023 study in Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer reports ASCC3 is upregulated in NSCLC, including metastatic foci, and is associated with worse clinicopathological features and prognosis. Mechanistically, ASCC3 stabilized STAT3 by recruiting CAND1 and inhibiting STAT3 ubiquitination, impairing tumor cell type I interferon responses and fostering an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. (ao2023ascc3promotesthe pages 4-5, ao2023ascc3promotesthe pages 10-11)

Quantitative/statistical highlights reported in the retrieved text:
- Tumor immune infiltration analysis split tumors at median ASCC3 expression cutoff 2.62 (TCGA analysis), with significant differences in immune populations between ASCC3-high and ASCC3-low tumors. (ao2023ascc3promotesthe pages 7-8)
- RNA-seq after ASCC3 knockdown identified 480 differentially affected genes (as summarized in the paper’s results text). (ao2023ascc3promotesthe pages 4-5)
- Functional assays report strong significance in places (e.g., ***p<0.001) for IFN-response phenotypes. (ao2023ascc3promotesthe pages 10-11)

6) Recent developments (prioritizing 2023–2024)

  1. Structural mechanism of the ASCC3 motor module (2023): Cryo-EM/XL-MS define how ASCC3’s dual cassettes cooperate, and how TRIP4 stimulates the motor and routes function via mutually exclusive binding with ALKBH3. (jia2023extendeddnathreading pages 1-2, jia2023extendeddnathreading pages 8-9)
  2. Expanded translation function (2023): Evidence that ASCC3 is present on scanning ribosomes and regulates translation initiation for a subset of structured 5′ UTR mRNAs. (kito2023theasc‐1complex pages 1-2, kito2023theasc‐1complex pages 10-11)
  3. RQC biochemical constraints (2024): Reconstitution suggests collision is not strictly required; a key substrate constraint is ≥30–35 nt 3′ mRNA overhang, and multiple ribosomal states can be split after appropriate ubiquitination. (miscicka2024ribosomalcollisionis pages 14-15)
  4. Human genetics (2024): Additional biallelic ASCC3 variant cases expand genotype–phenotype knowledge for neurodevelopmental/neuromuscular disease. (li2024casereportsecond pages 1-2)

7) Current applications and real-world implementations

7.1 Biomarker and combination-therapy rationale in NSCLC

The NSCLC study explicitly positions ASCC3 as a prognostic indicator and suggests that ASCC3 inhibition could enhance anti–PD-1 efficacy. In a cohort of 17 NSCLC patients, higher ASCC3 expression was associated with progressive disease compared with SD/PR categories; preclinical models showed improved outcomes with ASCC3 knockdown combined with PD-1 blockade. (ao2023ascc3promotesthe pages 14-14, ao2023ascc3promotesthe pages 14-15)

7.2 Translation/RQC pathway as a platform for mechanistic screens

The 2023–2024 mechanistic assays (Sel-TCP-seq/TCP-seq for scanning ribosomes; in vitro ribosome splitting reconstitutions with defined ubiquitin/mRNA requirements) provide concrete experimental platforms for interrogating ASCC3 function and could be leveraged in drug discovery or functional genomics to modulate proteostasis under stress. (kito2023theasc‐1complex pages 10-11, miscicka2024ribosomalcollisionis pages 14-15)

8) Expert interpretation and synthesis

ASCC3 is increasingly best understood as a tunable dual-cassette helicase motor whose biological outputs depend on partner selection and substrate context. Structural and biochemical data support a model in which ASCC3’s two Ski2-like cassettes can cooperate for extended substrate threading and force generation, with TRIP4 acting as an activity and substrate-engagement modulator, while ALKBH3-linked assemblies emphasize single-stranded substrate generation for dealkylation. (jia2023extendeddnathreading pages 8-9, soll2018rnaligaselikedomain pages 1-2)

A notable emerging theme is that ASCC3 sits at a crossroads between genome maintenance and translation surveillance/control, because the same core motor architecture can act on DNA (damage-associated contexts) or RNA/mRNP substrates (ribosome rescue and scanning control). (jia2023extendeddnathreading pages 8-9, kito2023theasc‐1complex pages 1-2)

9) Visual evidence (motor architecture)

Key cryo-EM figure regions and models illustrating ASCC3–TRIP4 architecture and DNA threading through the tandem helicase cassettes were retrieved from Jia et al. 2023. (jia2023extendeddnathreading media 4a9084d4, jia2023extendeddnathreading media 706dfc78)

10) Literature summary table (2023–2024 prioritized)

Year Reference (first author, journal) Main ASCC3 function/claim Evidence type Key quantitative/detail URL/DOI
2024 Miścicka, Nucleic Acids Research ASCC disassembles stalled ribosomal complexes; ribosomal collision is not strictly required once ZNF598-dependent ubiquitination is in place, refining the ASCC3-mediated RQC model (miscicka2024ribosomalcollisionis pages 14-15, miscicka2024ribosomalcollisionis pages 8-9, miscicka2024ribosomalcollisionis pages 1-2) In vitro reconstitution, ribosome splitting assays, toe-printing, ubiquitination biochemistry, mechanistic interpretation from cryo-EM-informed model ASCC activity required an mRNA 3′ overhang of ≥30–35 nt downstream of the P site; K63R ubiquitin still allowed ~50% release of leading ribosomes in one assay context (miscicka2024ribosomalcollisionis pages 14-15, miscicka2024ribosomalcollisionis pages 8-9) https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkae087
2024 Li, Frontiers in Genetics Biallelic human ASCC3 variants cause neurodevelopmental/neuromuscular syndrome with developmental delay and motor-language impairment, expanding the Mendelian disease spectrum (li2024casereportsecond pages 1-2) Clinical case report, trio-WES, trio-CNV-seq, literature review 3 new families; review of 11 previously reported variants; reported compound heterozygous variants included c.[489dup];[1897C>T], c.[2314C>T];[5002T>A], c.[5113G>T];[718delG] (li2024casereportsecond pages 1-2) https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2024.1382275
2023 Jia, Nature Communications ASCC3 is a dual-engine Ski2-like helicase; TRIP4 stimulates helicase activity and helps route ASCC3 toward specific functions, with TRIP4 and ALKBH3 binding mutually exclusive (jia2023extendeddnathreading pages 1-2) Cryo-EM, DNA–protein XL-MS, in vitro and cellular functional assays Defined tandem N- and C-terminal Ski2-like helicase cassettes; showed TRIP4 positions an ASCH domain next to the C-terminal cassette and stimulates DNA threading/unwinding (jia2023extendeddnathreading pages 1-2) https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-37528-3
2023 Kito, The EMBO Journal ASCC3 associates with scanning ribosomes and promotes translation initiation/scanning on a subset of mRNAs, extending its role beyond collided-ribosome splitting (kito2023theasc‐1complex pages 10-11, kito2023theasc‐1complex pages 1-2) Sel-TCP-MS, Sel-TCP-seq, TCP-seq, Ribo-seq, luciferase reporters ASCC3 localized predominantly to 5′ UTRs; knockdown impaired 43S preinitiation complex loading and scanning dynamics for selected transcripts (kito2023theasc‐1complex pages 10-11, kito2023theasc‐1complex pages 1-2) https://doi.org/10.15252/embj.2022112869
2023 Ao, Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer In NSCLC, ASCC3 promotes tumor progression and immunosuppression by stabilizing STAT3 via CAND1 and dampening type I interferon responses; supports biomarker/combination-therapy relevance (ao2023ascc3promotesthe pages 10-11, ao2023ascc3promotesthe pages 1-1, ao2023ascc3promotesthe pages 4-5, ao2023ascc3promotesthe pages 5-7, ao2023ascc3promotesthe pages 3-4) TCGA/GEO analyses, IHC, RNA-seq, Co-IP/MS, mouse models, flow cytometry RNA-seq after ASCC3 knockdown identified 480 affected genes; TCGA immune analysis used ASCC3-high vs ASCC3-low split at median 2.62; experiments reported significance up to p<0.0001 (ao2023ascc3promotesthe pages 7-8, ao2023ascc3promotesthe pages 4-5, ao2023ascc3promotesthe pages 5-7) https://doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2023-007766
2020 Juszkiewicz, Molecular Cell ASCC containing ASCC3 disassembles the leading ribosome in collided queues in an ATP-dependent manner, establishing ASCC3 as a mammalian RQC helicase (juszkiewicz2020theasc1complex pages 1-3) Biochemical reconstitution in mammalian cell-free system Showed ASCC-dependent splitting generates 60S–nascent chain complexes for downstream RQC and requires ZNF598-dependent 40S ubiquitination (juszkiewicz2020theasc1complex pages 1-3) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2020.06.006
2020 Jia, Nature Communications ASCC3 is the largest ASCC subunit, a dual-cassette Ski2-like helicase that provides ssDNA for ALKBH3-mediated alkylation damage repair; ASCC2–ASCC3 interfaces are altered by cancer mutations (jia2020theinteractionof pages 1-2) Structural analysis, interaction mapping, biochemical affinity measurements, cancer-mutation analysis Defined conserved ASCC2–ASCC3 interface and showed somatic cancer mutations reduce binding affinity; ASCC3 translocates 3′→5′ to support repair substrate generation (jia2020theinteractionof pages 1-2) https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-19221-x
2018 Soll, Journal of Biological Chemistry ASCC3 is the DNA helicase/scaffold of the ASCC alkylation damage response, generating the single-stranded substrate required for ALKBH3-mediated dealkylation and coordinating ASCC assembly (soll2018rnaligaselikedomain pages 1-2) Cell biology, co-IP, recombinant interaction assays, CRISPR/Cas9 knockout ASCC3 and ASCC2 formed nuclear foci upon alkylation damage; ASCC1 knockout increased ASCC3 foci but many lacked ASCC2, indicating regulated complex assembly (soll2018rnaligaselikedomain pages 1-2) https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.RA117.000114

Table: This table summarizes the most relevant ASCC3 papers identified in this run, prioritizing 2023-2024 while retaining foundational studies. It highlights ASCC3’s main validated functions in alkylation repair, ribosome quality control, translation initiation, and human disease or cancer relevance, with concise methodological and quantitative details.

References (URLs; publication dates)

The key retrieved sources include:
- Jia et al., Nature Communications, Apr 2023, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-37528-3 (jia2023extendeddnathreading pages 1-2)
- Miścicka et al., Nucleic Acids Research, Feb 2024, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkae087 (miscicka2024ribosomalcollisionis pages 14-15)
- Kito et al., The EMBO Journal, Apr 2023, https://doi.org/10.15252/embj.2022112869 (kito2023theasc‐1complex pages 1-2)
- Ao et al., Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer, Dec 2023, https://doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2023-007766 (ao2023ascc3promotesthe pages 1-1)
- Li et al., Frontiers in Genetics, Sep 2024, https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2024.1382275 (li2024casereportsecond pages 1-2)
- Juszkiewicz et al., Molecular Cell, Aug 2020, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2020.06.006 (juszkiewicz2020theasc1complex pages 1-3)
- Jia et al., Nature Communications, May 2020, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-19221-x (jia2020theinteractionof pages 1-2)
- Soll et al., Journal of Biological Chemistry, Aug 2018, https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.ra117.000114 (soll2018rnaligaselikedomain pages 1-2)

References

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  2. (kito2023theasc‐1complex pages 1-2): Yuki Kito, Akinobu Matsumoto, Kazuya Ichihara, Chisa Shiraishi, Ronghao Tang, Atsushi Hatano, Masaki Matsumoto, Peixun Han, Shintaro Iwasaki, and Keiichi I Nakayama. The asc‐1 complex promotes translation initiation by scanning ribosomes. The EMBO Journal, Apr 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.15252/embj.2022112869, doi:10.15252/embj.2022112869. This article has 13 citations.

  3. (juszkiewicz2020theasc1complex pages 1-3): Szymon Juszkiewicz, Shaun H. Speldewinde, Li Wan, Jesper Q. Svejstrup, and Ramanujan S. Hegde. The asc-1 complex disassembles collided ribosomes. Molecular Cell, 79:603-614.e8, Aug 2020. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2020.06.006, doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2020.06.006. This article has 234 citations and is from a highest quality peer-reviewed journal.

  4. (miscicka2024ribosomalcollisionis pages 1-2): Anna Miścicka, Alexander G Bulakhov, Kazushige Kuroha, Alexandra Zinoviev, Christopher U T Hellen, and Tatyana V Pestova. Ribosomal collision is not a prerequisite for znf598-mediated ribosome ubiquitination and disassembly of ribosomal complexes by ascc. Nucleic Acids Research, 52:4627-4643, Feb 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkae087, doi:10.1093/nar/gkae087. This article has 21 citations and is from a highest quality peer-reviewed journal.

  5. (soll2018rnaligaselikedomain pages 1-2): Jennifer M. Soll, Joshua R. Brickner, Miranda C. Mudge, and Nima Mosammaparast. Rna ligase-like domain in activating signal cointegrator 1 complex subunit 1 (ascc1) regulates ascc complex function during alkylation damage. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 293:13524-13533, Aug 2018. URL: https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.ra117.000114, doi:10.1074/jbc.ra117.000114. This article has 39 citations and is from a domain leading peer-reviewed journal.

  6. (jia2023extendeddnathreading pages 1-2): Junqiao Jia, Tarek Hilal, Katherine E. Bohnsack, Aleksandar Chernev, Ning Tsao, Juliane Bethmann, Aruna Arumugam, Lane Parmely, Nicole Holton, Bernhard Loll, Nima Mosammaparast, Markus T. Bohnsack, Henning Urlaub, and Markus C. Wahl. Extended dna threading through a dual-engine motor module of the activating signal co-integrator 1 complex. Nature Communications, Apr 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-37528-3, doi:10.1038/s41467-023-37528-3. This article has 13 citations and is from a highest quality peer-reviewed journal.

  7. (jia2023extendeddnathreading pages 8-9): Junqiao Jia, Tarek Hilal, Katherine E. Bohnsack, Aleksandar Chernev, Ning Tsao, Juliane Bethmann, Aruna Arumugam, Lane Parmely, Nicole Holton, Bernhard Loll, Nima Mosammaparast, Markus T. Bohnsack, Henning Urlaub, and Markus C. Wahl. Extended dna threading through a dual-engine motor module of the activating signal co-integrator 1 complex. Nature Communications, Apr 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-37528-3, doi:10.1038/s41467-023-37528-3. This article has 13 citations and is from a highest quality peer-reviewed journal.

  8. (jia2023extendeddnathreading pages 5-6): Junqiao Jia, Tarek Hilal, Katherine E. Bohnsack, Aleksandar Chernev, Ning Tsao, Juliane Bethmann, Aruna Arumugam, Lane Parmely, Nicole Holton, Bernhard Loll, Nima Mosammaparast, Markus T. Bohnsack, Henning Urlaub, and Markus C. Wahl. Extended dna threading through a dual-engine motor module of the activating signal co-integrator 1 complex. Nature Communications, Apr 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-37528-3, doi:10.1038/s41467-023-37528-3. This article has 13 citations and is from a highest quality peer-reviewed journal.

  9. (jia2023extendeddnathreading pages 7-8): Junqiao Jia, Tarek Hilal, Katherine E. Bohnsack, Aleksandar Chernev, Ning Tsao, Juliane Bethmann, Aruna Arumugam, Lane Parmely, Nicole Holton, Bernhard Loll, Nima Mosammaparast, Markus T. Bohnsack, Henning Urlaub, and Markus C. Wahl. Extended dna threading through a dual-engine motor module of the activating signal co-integrator 1 complex. Nature Communications, Apr 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-37528-3, doi:10.1038/s41467-023-37528-3. This article has 13 citations and is from a highest quality peer-reviewed journal.

  10. (jia2023extendeddnathreading pages 6-6): Junqiao Jia, Tarek Hilal, Katherine E. Bohnsack, Aleksandar Chernev, Ning Tsao, Juliane Bethmann, Aruna Arumugam, Lane Parmely, Nicole Holton, Bernhard Loll, Nima Mosammaparast, Markus T. Bohnsack, Henning Urlaub, and Markus C. Wahl. Extended dna threading through a dual-engine motor module of the activating signal co-integrator 1 complex. Nature Communications, Apr 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-37528-3, doi:10.1038/s41467-023-37528-3. This article has 13 citations and is from a highest quality peer-reviewed journal.

  11. (jia2023extendeddnathreading pages 2-3): Junqiao Jia, Tarek Hilal, Katherine E. Bohnsack, Aleksandar Chernev, Ning Tsao, Juliane Bethmann, Aruna Arumugam, Lane Parmely, Nicole Holton, Bernhard Loll, Nima Mosammaparast, Markus T. Bohnsack, Henning Urlaub, and Markus C. Wahl. Extended dna threading through a dual-engine motor module of the activating signal co-integrator 1 complex. Nature Communications, Apr 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-37528-3, doi:10.1038/s41467-023-37528-3. This article has 13 citations and is from a highest quality peer-reviewed journal.

  12. (brickner2019activationandregulation pages 139-144): Joshua R. Brickner. Activation and regulation of the alkbh3-ascc alkylation repair pathway. ArXiv, 2019. URL: https://doi.org/10.7936/gavm-wj49, doi:10.7936/gavm-wj49. This article has 0 citations.

  13. (miscicka2024ribosomalcollisionis pages 14-15): Anna Miścicka, Alexander G Bulakhov, Kazushige Kuroha, Alexandra Zinoviev, Christopher U T Hellen, and Tatyana V Pestova. Ribosomal collision is not a prerequisite for znf598-mediated ribosome ubiquitination and disassembly of ribosomal complexes by ascc. Nucleic Acids Research, 52:4627-4643, Feb 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkae087, doi:10.1093/nar/gkae087. This article has 21 citations and is from a highest quality peer-reviewed journal.

  14. (kito2023theasc‐1complex pages 10-11): Yuki Kito, Akinobu Matsumoto, Kazuya Ichihara, Chisa Shiraishi, Ronghao Tang, Atsushi Hatano, Masaki Matsumoto, Peixun Han, Shintaro Iwasaki, and Keiichi I Nakayama. The asc‐1 complex promotes translation initiation by scanning ribosomes. The EMBO Journal, Apr 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.15252/embj.2022112869, doi:10.15252/embj.2022112869. This article has 13 citations.

  15. (li2024casereportsecond pages 1-2): Wang Li, Zhongliang Li, Junhui Fu, Kaili Xu, Daoqi Mei, Xiaona Wang, Taisong Li, and Xilong Du. Case report: second report of neuromuscular syndrome caused by biallelic variants in ascc3. Frontiers in Genetics, Sep 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2024.1382275, doi:10.3389/fgene.2024.1382275. This article has 1 citations and is from a peer-reviewed journal.

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  17. (ao2023ascc3promotesthe pages 10-11): Yong-Qiang Ao, Jian Gao, Chun Jin, Shuai Wang, Li-Cheng Zhang, Jie Deng, Zong-wei Chen, Hai-Kun Wang, Jia-Hao Jiang, and Jian-Yong Ding. Ascc3 promotes the immunosuppression and progression of non-small cell lung cancer by impairing the type i interferon response via cand1-mediated ubiquitination inhibition of stat3. Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer, 11:e007766, Dec 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2023-007766, doi:10.1136/jitc-2023-007766. This article has 28 citations and is from a domain leading peer-reviewed journal.

  18. (ao2023ascc3promotesthe pages 7-8): Yong-Qiang Ao, Jian Gao, Chun Jin, Shuai Wang, Li-Cheng Zhang, Jie Deng, Zong-wei Chen, Hai-Kun Wang, Jia-Hao Jiang, and Jian-Yong Ding. Ascc3 promotes the immunosuppression and progression of non-small cell lung cancer by impairing the type i interferon response via cand1-mediated ubiquitination inhibition of stat3. Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer, 11:e007766, Dec 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2023-007766, doi:10.1136/jitc-2023-007766. This article has 28 citations and is from a domain leading peer-reviewed journal.

  19. (ao2023ascc3promotesthe pages 14-14): Yong-Qiang Ao, Jian Gao, Chun Jin, Shuai Wang, Li-Cheng Zhang, Jie Deng, Zong-wei Chen, Hai-Kun Wang, Jia-Hao Jiang, and Jian-Yong Ding. Ascc3 promotes the immunosuppression and progression of non-small cell lung cancer by impairing the type i interferon response via cand1-mediated ubiquitination inhibition of stat3. Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer, 11:e007766, Dec 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2023-007766, doi:10.1136/jitc-2023-007766. This article has 28 citations and is from a domain leading peer-reviewed journal.

  20. (ao2023ascc3promotesthe pages 14-15): Yong-Qiang Ao, Jian Gao, Chun Jin, Shuai Wang, Li-Cheng Zhang, Jie Deng, Zong-wei Chen, Hai-Kun Wang, Jia-Hao Jiang, and Jian-Yong Ding. Ascc3 promotes the immunosuppression and progression of non-small cell lung cancer by impairing the type i interferon response via cand1-mediated ubiquitination inhibition of stat3. Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer, 11:e007766, Dec 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2023-007766, doi:10.1136/jitc-2023-007766. This article has 28 citations and is from a domain leading peer-reviewed journal.

  21. (jia2023extendeddnathreading media 4a9084d4): Junqiao Jia, Tarek Hilal, Katherine E. Bohnsack, Aleksandar Chernev, Ning Tsao, Juliane Bethmann, Aruna Arumugam, Lane Parmely, Nicole Holton, Bernhard Loll, Nima Mosammaparast, Markus T. Bohnsack, Henning Urlaub, and Markus C. Wahl. Extended dna threading through a dual-engine motor module of the activating signal co-integrator 1 complex. Nature Communications, Apr 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-37528-3, doi:10.1038/s41467-023-37528-3. This article has 13 citations and is from a highest quality peer-reviewed journal.

  22. (jia2023extendeddnathreading media 706dfc78): Junqiao Jia, Tarek Hilal, Katherine E. Bohnsack, Aleksandar Chernev, Ning Tsao, Juliane Bethmann, Aruna Arumugam, Lane Parmely, Nicole Holton, Bernhard Loll, Nima Mosammaparast, Markus T. Bohnsack, Henning Urlaub, and Markus C. Wahl. Extended dna threading through a dual-engine motor module of the activating signal co-integrator 1 complex. Nature Communications, Apr 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-37528-3, doi:10.1038/s41467-023-37528-3. This article has 13 citations and is from a highest quality peer-reviewed journal.

  23. (miscicka2024ribosomalcollisionis pages 8-9): Anna Miścicka, Alexander G Bulakhov, Kazushige Kuroha, Alexandra Zinoviev, Christopher U T Hellen, and Tatyana V Pestova. Ribosomal collision is not a prerequisite for znf598-mediated ribosome ubiquitination and disassembly of ribosomal complexes by ascc. Nucleic Acids Research, 52:4627-4643, Feb 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkae087, doi:10.1093/nar/gkae087. This article has 21 citations and is from a highest quality peer-reviewed journal.

  24. (ao2023ascc3promotesthe pages 1-1): Yong-Qiang Ao, Jian Gao, Chun Jin, Shuai Wang, Li-Cheng Zhang, Jie Deng, Zong-wei Chen, Hai-Kun Wang, Jia-Hao Jiang, and Jian-Yong Ding. Ascc3 promotes the immunosuppression and progression of non-small cell lung cancer by impairing the type i interferon response via cand1-mediated ubiquitination inhibition of stat3. Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer, 11:e007766, Dec 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2023-007766, doi:10.1136/jitc-2023-007766. This article has 28 citations and is from a domain leading peer-reviewed journal.

  25. (ao2023ascc3promotesthe pages 5-7): Yong-Qiang Ao, Jian Gao, Chun Jin, Shuai Wang, Li-Cheng Zhang, Jie Deng, Zong-wei Chen, Hai-Kun Wang, Jia-Hao Jiang, and Jian-Yong Ding. Ascc3 promotes the immunosuppression and progression of non-small cell lung cancer by impairing the type i interferon response via cand1-mediated ubiquitination inhibition of stat3. Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer, 11:e007766, Dec 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2023-007766, doi:10.1136/jitc-2023-007766. This article has 28 citations and is from a domain leading peer-reviewed journal.

  26. (ao2023ascc3promotesthe pages 3-4): Yong-Qiang Ao, Jian Gao, Chun Jin, Shuai Wang, Li-Cheng Zhang, Jie Deng, Zong-wei Chen, Hai-Kun Wang, Jia-Hao Jiang, and Jian-Yong Ding. Ascc3 promotes the immunosuppression and progression of non-small cell lung cancer by impairing the type i interferon response via cand1-mediated ubiquitination inhibition of stat3. Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer, 11:e007766, Dec 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2023-007766, doi:10.1136/jitc-2023-007766. This article has 28 citations and is from a domain leading peer-reviewed journal.

Artifacts

Citations

  1. jia2023extendeddnathreading pages 1-2
  2. soll2018rnaligaselikedomain pages 1-2
  3. miscicka2024ribosomalcollisionis pages 14-15
  4. li2024casereportsecond pages 1-2
  5. jia2020theinteractionof pages 1-2
  6. miscicka2024ribosomalcollisionis pages 1-2
  7. jia2023extendeddnathreading pages 8-9
  8. jia2023extendeddnathreading pages 5-6
  9. jia2023extendeddnathreading pages 7-8
  10. jia2023extendeddnathreading pages 6-6
  11. jia2023extendeddnathreading pages 2-3
  12. brickner2019activationandregulation pages 139-144
  13. miscicka2024ribosomalcollisionis pages 8-9
  14. 489dup
  15. 1897C>T
  16. 2314C>T
  17. 5002T>A
  18. 5113G>T
  19. 718delG
  20. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkae087
  21. https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2024.1382275
  22. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-37528-3
  23. https://doi.org/10.15252/embj.2022112869
  24. https://doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2023-007766
  25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2020.06.006
  26. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-19221-x
  27. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.RA117.000114
  28. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.ra117.000114
  29. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-19221-x,
  30. https://doi.org/10.15252/embj.2022112869,
  31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2020.06.006,
  32. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkae087,
  33. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.ra117.000114,
  34. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-37528-3,
  35. https://doi.org/10.7936/gavm-wj49,
  36. https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2024.1382275,
  37. https://doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2023-007766,

📚 Additional Documentation

Notes

(ASCC3-notes.md)

ASCC3 review notes

Summary

Automated deep research status: just deep-research-falcon human ASCC3 --fallback perplexity-lite was run for this review. Falcon timed out after 600 seconds, and the configured perplexity-lite fallback failed with an API quota 401. No provider deep-research artifact was produced, so this review uses the cached UniProt, GOA, Reactome, and primary publication files plus the manual notes below.

ASCC3 is a large ATP-dependent SF2 helicase with two well-supported functional contexts. In the nucleus, it is the catalytic helicase subunit of the ASCC-ALKBH3 DNA dealkylation repair complex. Dango et al. show that ASCC3 unwinds DNA to provide the single-stranded substrate used by ALKBH3 for repair PMID:22055184. Brickner et al. further show alkylation-specific recruitment of ASCC3 to nuclear repair foci PMID:29144457.

In the cytosol, ASCC3 is the hRQT/RQT2 ATPase subunit of the ribosome quality control trigger complex. Hashimoto et al. define hRQT as ASCC3, ASCC2, and TRIP4 PMID:32099016, and Juszkiewicz et al. show that ASCC acts on ubiquitinated collided ribosomes to disassemble the lead ribosome PMID:32579943. Narita et al. refine this as K63-uS10-dependent hRQT-mediated subunit dissociation PMID:36302773.

PN projection

The PN workbook places ASCC3 under Translation > Cytosolic translation > Ribosome-associated QC > Ribosomal rescue with UniProt ID Q8N3C0 and synonym RQT2. The local projection report maps this path to two GO targets: GO:0072344 rescue of stalled cytosolic ribosome, which is already in GOA, and the broader GO:0006515 protein quality control for misfolded or incompletely synthesized proteins, listed as new to GOA.

Conservative decision: retain the exact ribosome-rescue/RQC annotations and do not add a new ASCC3 annotation to GO:0006515. ASCC3 has direct evidence for splitting K63-ubiquitinated collided ribosomes and thereby initiating RQC, but the existing GOA already captures this more specifically with GO:0072344, GO:0032790, and GO:1990116. The broad PN projection is biologically compatible as an ancestor/context term but would be redundant and less informative as a new gene-level assertion.

Annotation decisions

  • Accept the DNA repair core: GO:0043138 3'-5' DNA helicase activity, GO:0006307 DNA alkylation repair, nuclear/nucleoplasm/nuclear-speckle locations, and GO:1990391 DNA repair complex.
  • Accept the RQC core: GO:0180022 RQC-trigger complex, GO:0016887 ATP hydrolysis activity, GO:0022626 cytosolic ribosome, GO:0032790 ribosome disassembly, GO:0072344 rescue of stalled cytosolic ribosome, and GO:1990116 ribosome-associated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process.
  • Treat generic binding annotations conservatively. protein binding rows are interaction evidence but not informative molecular-function curation. Broad nucleic-acid/helicase terms should defer to the specific DNA helicase/ATPase/RQT annotations.
  • Remove the DNA replication annotation: the cited ASCC1/ASCC damage-response paper supports alkylation repair-complex regulation, not a general DNA replication process for ASCC3.
  • Remove the high-throughput membrane localization: ASCC3 is a soluble nuclear/cytosolic protein with no transmembrane-domain basis, and stronger curated evidence places it in ASCC/hRQT contexts.

Falcon deep research findings (2026-06-07)

A Falcon (Edison Scientific) deep-research report was generated (ASCC3-deep-research-falcon.md) and reviewed against the existing COMPLETE review. PMIDs below were resolved from the report's DOIs via the PubMed ID-converter and verified for exact titles; none of these five papers are cached in publications/, so they are added to references: as statement-only entries (full_text_unavailable: true, no supporting_text) and are NOT used to alter any annotation action.

  • CONFIRMS (core MF/architecture): ASCC3 is a dual-cassette ("dual-engine") Ski2-like helicase whose two tandem NTPase/helicase cassettes are both catalytically active and can thread one substrate through both cassettes; TRIP4 docks via a Zn-finger and positions an ASCH domain next to the C-terminal cassette to stimulate the motor [PMID:37019967 Jia 2023 "ASCC3 can thread substrates through both helicase cassettes... TRIP4 docks on ASCC3 via a zinc finger domain"]. This reinforces the existing GO:0043138/GO:0016887 MF calls; no annotation change.
  • NEW (partner-driven routing): TRIP4 and ALKBH3 bind ASCC3 mutually exclusively, providing a mechanism that routes the same helicase between the ALKBH3 alkylation-repair arm and TRIP4-associated functions [PMID:37019967 Jia 2023 "TRIP4 binds ASCC3 mutually exclusively with the DNA/RNA dealkylase, ALKBH3"]. Useful context for the two-arm model already captured; does not require a new GO term.
  • NEW (translation initiation arm): The ASC-1 complex/ASCC3 also associates with scanning ribosomes and promotes translation initiation; ASCC3 localizes predominantly to 5' UTRs and its knockdown impairs 43S preinitiation-complex loading and scanning for a subset of transcripts [PMID:37092320 Kito 2023 "ASCC3... localizes predominantly to the 5' untranslated region... knockdown impairs 43S preinitiation complex loading and scanning dynamics"]. This is a distinct, non-RQC role; recorded as context and a suggested question rather than a new gene-level annotation (single study, mechanism still emerging).
  • CONFIRMS/refines (RQC mechanism): In vitro reconstitution shows ribosomal collision is not strictly required for ZNF598 ubiquitination or ASCC-mediated disassembly; ASCC can split polysomes, monosomes, 80S elongation complexes, and even 48S initiation complexes once uS10 is K63-polyubiquitinated, provided >=30-35 nt of 3' mRNA downstream of the P site [PMID:38366554 Miscicka 2024 "ribosomal collision is not a strict prerequisite... as long as such complexes contained >= 30-35 3'-terminal mRNA nt downstream from the P site"]. Consistent with existing GO:0032790/GO:0072344 ribosome-rescue calls; refines mechanism, no action change.
  • NEW (disease link): Biallelic loss-of-function ASCC3 variants cause an autosomal-recessive neurodevelopmental/neuromuscular syndrome (MIM:620700) with developmental delay, intellectual disability, hypotonia and motor/language impairment; three new Chinese families with compound-heterozygous variants reported [PMID:39286456 Li 2024 "neuromuscular syndrome caused by biallelic variants in ASCC3... compound heterozygous variants"]. Supports the biological importance of ASCC3 helicase function; added as reference + suggested question, no GO annotation change.
  • PROVISIONAL (cancer/immune, single study, distinct pathway): In NSCLC, ASCC3 is reported upregulated and to stabilize STAT3 by recruiting CAND1 (inhibiting STAT3 ubiquitination), dampening the type I interferon response and fostering an immunosuppressive microenvironment [PMID:38148115 Ao 2023 "ASCC3 stabilized STAT3... by recruiting CAND1... impairing the type I interferon response"]. This is a single mechanism-of-disease study describing an indirect/regulatory role not clearly tied to the helicase core; recorded as reference and a suggested question only — deliberately NOT projected to any new MF/BP annotation.

Pn Notes

(ASCC3-pn-notes.md)

ASCC3 PN Consistency Notes

  • Generated: 2026-06-18
  • Project: PROTEOSTASIS
  • Scope: PN consistency rereview against local AIGR review and available deep-research artifacts
  • UniProt: Q8N3C0
  • AIGR review status: COMPLETE
  • Review batch: proteostasis-batch-2026-06-03 (PR 1371)
  • Batch change status: added

Source Files Checked

Deep Research Files

AIGR Review Snapshot

  • Description: ASCC3 encodes a large ATP-dependent superfamily II helicase that functions in distinct ASCC-containing complexes. In the nucleus, ASCC3 is the catalytic helicase subunit of the ALKBH3-associated ASCC DNA dealkylation repair complex, where it helps unwind alkylated duplex DNA and is recruited to alkylation-induced nuclear foci. In the cytosol, ASCC3/RQT2 is the ATPase subunit of the human ribosome quality control trigger complex with ASCC2 and TRIP4, where it promotes splitting of K63-ubiquitinated collided ribosomes to initiate ribosome-associated quality control. ASCC3 was also originally identified as a component of the ASC-1 transcription coactivator complex, but its best-supported mechanistic roles are DNA alkylation repair and stalled ribosome rescue.
  • Existing/core annotation action counts: ACCEPT: 42; KEEP_AS_NON_CORE: 3; MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED: 5; MODIFY: 2; REMOVE: 2

PN Consistency Summary

  • Consistency: Fully consistent. Deep research, notes, and review YAML agree ASCC3 has two cores: (1) nuclear ATP-dependent 3'-5' DNA helicase of the ASCC-ALKBH3 dealkylation-repair complex; (2) cytosolic hRQT/RQT2 ATPase that splits K63-ubiquitinated collided ribosomes. The PN RQC placement matches the cytosolic role exactly. GO:0072344 is present in GOA and ACCEPTed in-review.
  • PN story / NEW pressure: PN's ribosomal-rescue assertion is genuinely captured: review already holds GO:0072344, GO:0032790 (ribosome disassembly), GO:1990116, GO:0180022 (RQC-trigger complex), all ACCEPT. The group-level projection GO:0006515 (broad protein QC) is new_to_goa but the notes correctly decline it as redundant/less informative than the existing specific RQC terms. Conclude: already captured (specific terms preferred over the broad PN ancestor). No NEW term needed.
  • Evidence alignment: PN row has no reference titles. Review RQC evidence (PMID:32099016 hRQT; PMID:32579943 disassembly; PMID:36302773 K63-uS10) is exactly on-point; DNA-repair arm (PMID:22055184, PMID:29144457) aligns with the nuclear role. No citation conflicts.
  • Verdict: Consistent and well-supported; PN story already captured by specific GO terms. Broad GO:0006515 projection correctly declined. No edits warranted.

Full Consistency Review

  • UniProt: Q8N3C0 · batch: proteostasis-batch-2026-06-03 · review status: COMPLETE (Falcon DR present)
  • PN placement: Translation|Cytosolic translation|Ribosome-associated QC|Ribosomal rescue ; PN-node mapping: type=mapped/ok GO:0072344 (already_in_goa_exact); group=mapped/ok GO:0006515 (new_to_goa); class/branch context_only.
  • Consistency: Fully consistent. Deep research, notes, and review YAML agree ASCC3 has two cores: (1) nuclear ATP-dependent 3'-5' DNA helicase of the ASCC-ALKBH3 dealkylation-repair complex; (2) cytosolic hRQT/RQT2 ATPase that splits K63-ubiquitinated collided ribosomes. The PN RQC placement matches the cytosolic role exactly. GO:0072344 is present in GOA and ACCEPTed in-review.
  • PN story / NEW pressure: PN's ribosomal-rescue assertion is genuinely captured: review already holds GO:0072344, GO:0032790 (ribosome disassembly), GO:1990116, GO:0180022 (RQC-trigger complex), all ACCEPT. The group-level projection GO:0006515 (broad protein QC) is new_to_goa but the notes correctly decline it as redundant/less informative than the existing specific RQC terms. Conclude: already captured (specific terms preferred over the broad PN ancestor). No NEW term needed.
  • Mapping strategy: ASCC3 is the strongest driver/anchor for this RQC node — direct experimental evidence for splitting collided ribosomes. The exact-match GO:0072344 is well-justified. The broader GO:0006515 group mapping is the TOMM20/HSPA8/RAB7A-style "broader than review" case and should NOT be projected to ASCC3 (specific terms already exist). Node status/scope fine; ASCC3 needs no change.
  • Evidence alignment: PN row has no reference titles. Review RQC evidence (PMID:32099016 hRQT; PMID:32579943 disassembly; PMID:36302773 K63-uS10) is exactly on-point; DNA-repair arm (PMID:22055184, PMID:29144457) aligns with the nuclear role. No citation conflicts.
  • Verdict: Consistent and well-supported; PN story already captured by specific GO terms. Broad GO:0006515 projection correctly declined. No edits warranted.

PN Dossier Context

  • review_batch: proteostasis-batch-2026-06-03
  • review_yaml: genes/human/ASCC3/ASCC3-ai-review.yaml
  • PN workbook rows: 1

PN row 1: Translation | Cytosolic translation | Ribosome-associated QC | Ribosomal rescue

  • UniProt: Q8N3C0
  • In branches: TR
  • PN-node mapping records (path + ancestors):
    • [type] Translation|Cytosolic translation|Ribosome-associated QC|Ribosomal rescue
      status=mapped scope=ok_for_propagation_to_go GO=[GO:0072344 rescue of stalled cytosolic ribosome]
      rationale: This PN RQC type denotes rescue of stalled cytosolic ribosomes. The matching GO process term is the direct target.
    • [group] Translation|Cytosolic translation|Ribosome-associated QC
      status=mapped scope=ok_for_propagation_to_go GO=[GO:0006515 protein quality control for misfolded or incompletely synthesized proteins]
      rationale: The PN ribosome-associated quality-control group covers surveillance and disposal of stalled or defective nascent-chain translation products. GO lacks a dedicated ribosome-associated QC term in the local cache, so the broader protein-quality-control process is the best supported target.
    • [class] Translation|Cytosolic translation
      status=context_only scope=too_broad_to_propagate GO=[GO:0002181 cytoplasmic translation]
      rationale: The PN class Cytosolic translation is centered on the cytoplasmic translation apparatus and process, but it also houses supporting machinery such as ribosome biogenesis factors. The GO process term is a useful high-level label for the class, but propagating it to all members would over-annotate genes whose PN placement is through assembly or maturation context rather than core cytoplasmic translation.
    • [branch] Translation
      status=context_only scope=too_broad_to_propagate GO=[GO:0006412 translation]
      rationale: The PN Translation branch is organized around the translation apparatus and immediately associated cotranslational quality-control systems. GO translation is the closest high-level process label, but the PN branch also contains adjacent machinery such as ribosome biogenesis and nascent-chain handling. Keeping this relationship is useful for interpretation, but it is too broad to project safely onto every member.

Projected GO annotations (2)

  • GO:0006515 protein quality control for misfolded or incompletely synthesized proteins | scope=ok_for_propagation_to_go | goa_status=new_to_goa | from=Translation|Cytosolic translation|Ribosome-associated QC
  • GO:0072344 rescue of stalled cytosolic ribosome | scope=ok_for_propagation_to_go | goa_status=already_in_goa_exact | from=Translation|Cytosolic translation|Ribosome-associated QC|Ribosomal rescue

Note

This file is generated from the current PROTEOSTASIS phase-1 dossier and local gene-review artifacts. Edit the source review, PN mapping, or dossier rather than this generated note when correcting the underlying curation.

📄 View Raw YAML

id: Q8N3C0
gene_symbol: ASCC3
product_type: PROTEIN
aliases:
- HELIC1
- RQT2
- ASC1p200
status: COMPLETE
description: 'ASCC3 encodes a large ATP-dependent superfamily II helicase that functions in distinct ASCC-containing
  complexes. In the nucleus, ASCC3 is the catalytic helicase subunit of the ALKBH3-associated ASCC DNA
  dealkylation repair complex, where it helps unwind alkylated duplex DNA and is recruited to alkylation-induced
  nuclear foci. In the cytosol, ASCC3/RQT2 is the ATPase subunit of the human ribosome quality control
  trigger complex with ASCC2 and TRIP4, where it promotes splitting of K63-ubiquitinated collided ribosomes
  to initiate ribosome-associated quality control. ASCC3 was also originally identified as a component
  of the ASC-1 transcription coactivator complex, but its best-supported mechanistic roles are DNA alkylation
  repair and stalled ribosome rescue.'
taxon:
  id: NCBITaxon:9606
  label: Homo sapiens
alternative_products:
- name: '1'
  id: Q8N3C0-1
- name: '2'
  id: Q8N3C0-3
  sequence_note: VSP_042955, VSP_042956
- name: '3'
  id: Q8N3C0-4
  sequence_note: VSP_042957, VSP_042958
references:
- id: file:human/ASCC3/ASCC3-notes.md
  title: ASCC3 review notes
  findings:
  - statement: ASCC3 has separable nuclear DNA alkylation repair and cytosolic hRQT ribosome-rescue 
      roles, and the PN GO:0006515 projection was not added because more specific RQC terms are 
      already present.
    supporting_text: 'Conservative decision: retain the exact ribosome-rescue/RQC annotations and do not
      add a new ASCC3 annotation to `GO:0006515`.'
- id: GO_REF:0000002
  title: Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms
  findings: []
- id: GO_REF:0000003
  title: Gene Ontology annotation based on Enzyme Commission mapping
  findings: []
- id: GO_REF:0000033
  title: Annotation inferences using phylogenetic trees
  findings: []
- id: GO_REF:0000044
  title: Gene Ontology annotation based on UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Subcellular Location vocabulary 
    mapping, accompanied by conservative changes to GO terms applied by UniProt
  findings: []
- id: GO_REF:0000052
  title: Gene Ontology annotation based on curation of immunofluorescence data
  findings: []
- id: GO_REF:0000116
  title: Automatic Gene Ontology annotation based on Rhea mapping
  findings: []
- id: GO_REF:0000117
  title: Electronic Gene Ontology annotations created by ARBA machine learning models
  findings: []
- id: PMID:12077347
  title: Novel transcription coactivator complex containing activating signal cointegrator 1.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:19946888
  title: Defining the membrane proteome of NK cells.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:22055184
  title: DNA unwinding by ASCC3 helicase is coupled to ALKBH3-dependent DNA alkylation repair and 
    cancer cell proliferation.
  findings:
  - statement: ASCC3 helicase activity provides single-stranded substrate for ALKBH3-mediated DNA 
      repair.
    supporting_text: ASCC3 unwinds DNA to generate the single-stranded substrate needed for 
      ALKBH3-mediated DNA repair
- id: PMID:22681889
  title: The mRNA-bound proteome and its global occupancy profile on protein-coding transcripts.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:28514442
  title: Architecture of the human interactome defines protein communities and disease networks.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:28757607
  title: Ubiquitination of stalled ribosome triggers ribosome-associated quality control.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:29144457
  title: A ubiquitin-dependent signalling axis specific for ALKBH-mediated DNA dealkylation repair.
  findings:
  - statement: ASCC3 is recruited to alkylation-induced nuclear foci in the ASCC dealkylation repair
      pathway.
    supporting_text: Endogenous ASCC3 formed nuclear foci upon treatment of U2OS cells with the 
      alkylating agent
- id: PMID:29997253
  title: RNA ligase-like domain in activating signal cointegrator 1 complex subunit 1 (ASCC1) 
    regulates ASCC complex function during alkylation damage.
  findings:
  - statement: ASCC1 regulates ASCC complex function by interacting through ASCC3 during alkylation 
      damage signaling.
    supporting_text: ASCC1 interacts with the ASCC complex through the ASCC3 helicase subunit
- id: PMID:32099016
  title: Identification of a novel trigger complex that facilitates ribosome-associated quality 
    control in mammalian cells.
  findings:
  - statement: The human RQT complex contains ASCC3, ASCC2, and TRIP4 and triggers RQC.
    supporting_text: The hRQT complex is composed of ASCC3, ASCC2, and TRIP4
- id: PMID:32579943
  title: The ASC-1 Complex Disassembles Collided Ribosomes.
  findings:
  - statement: ASCC disassembles ubiquitinated collided ribosomes, defining ASCC3 as a core RQC 
      ribosome-rescue factor.
    supporting_text: ASCC acts on ubiquitinated collided ribosomes to selectively disassemble the 
      lead ribosome
- id: PMID:33961781
  title: Dual proteome-scale networks reveal cell-specific remodeling of the human interactome.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:36302773
  title: A distinct mammalian disome collision interface harbors K63-linked polyubiquitination of 
    uS10 to trigger hRQT-mediated subunit dissociation.
  findings:
  - statement: K63-linked uS10 polyubiquitination triggers hRQT-mediated subunit dissociation.
    supporting_text: the trimeric hRQT complex-mediated subunit dissociation
- id: PMID:37019967
  title: Extended DNA threading through a dual-engine motor module of the activating signal
    co-integrator 1 complex.
  full_text_unavailable: true
  findings:
  - statement: ASCC3 contains two tandem Ski2-like NTPase/helicase cassettes that cooperate to thread
      substrate through both cassettes, and TRIP4 docks via a zinc-finger domain to position an ASCH
      domain next to the C-terminal cassette and stimulate the helicase.
  - statement: TRIP4 and the dealkylase ALKBH3 bind ASCC3 in a mutually exclusive manner, providing a
      mechanism that directs ASCC3 toward distinct cellular processes.
- id: PMID:37092320
  title: The ASC-1 complex promotes translation initiation by scanning ribosomes.
  full_text_unavailable: true
  findings:
  - statement: ASCC3 associates with scanning ribosomes and localizes predominantly to 5'
      untranslated regions, and its knockdown impairs 43S preinitiation complex loading and scanning
      dynamics, reducing translation efficiency for a subset of transcripts.
- id: PMID:38148115
  title: ASCC3 promotes the immunosuppression and progression of non-small cell lung cancer by
    impairing the type I interferon response via CAND1-mediated ubiquitination inhibition of STAT3.
  full_text_unavailable: true
  findings:
  - statement: In non-small cell lung cancer ASCC3 is upregulated and reported to stabilize STAT3 by
      recruiting CAND1 to inhibit STAT3 ubiquitination, impairing the type I interferon response and
      promoting an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.
- id: PMID:38366554
  title: Ribosomal collision is not a prerequisite for ZNF598-mediated ribosome ubiquitination and
    disassembly of ribosomal complexes by ASCC.
  full_text_unavailable: true
  findings:
  - statement: After ZNF598-dependent K63-polyubiquitination of uS10, ASCC efficiently disassembles
      polysomal, monosomal, 80S elongation and 48S initiation complexes without a strict requirement
      for ribosomal collision, provided at least ~30-35 nucleotides of 3' mRNA remain downstream of
      the P site.
- id: PMID:39286456
  title: 'Case report: Second report of neuromuscular syndrome caused by biallelic variants in ASCC3.'
  full_text_unavailable: true
  findings:
  - statement: Biallelic loss-of-function variants in ASCC3 cause an autosomal-recessive
      neurodevelopmental and neuromuscular syndrome (MIM:620700) featuring global developmental delay,
      intellectual disability, reduced muscle tone and motor and language impairment.
- id: PMID:40205054
  title: Multimodal cell maps as a foundation for structural and functional genomics.
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-HSA-112123
  title: Oxidative demethylation of 1-meA damaged DNA By ALKBH3
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-HSA-112124
  title: Oxidative demethylation of 3-meC damaged DNA By ALKBH3
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-HSA-112125
  title: Oxidative dealkylation of 1-EtA damaged DNA by ABH3
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-HSA-5657617
  title: ALKBH3 associated with ASCC1:ASCC2:ASCC3 binds alkylated dsDNA containing 3-meC
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-HSA-5657637
  title: ALKBH3 associated with ASCC1:ASCC2:ASCC3 binds alkylated dsDNA containing 1-meA
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-HSA-5657642
  title: ALKBH3 in complex with ASCC1:ASCC2:ASCC3 binds alkylated DNA containing 1-etA
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-HSA-9948291
  title: RQT complex binds K63polyUb-80S ribosome:no-go mRNA:peptidyl-tRNA with nascent peptide
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-HSA-9948299
  title: Ribosome-associated quality control
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-HSA-9948300
  title: RQT complex:K63polyUb-80S ribosome dissociates yielding K63polyUb-40S subunit and 60S 
    subunit:peptidyl-tRNA with nascent peptide
  findings: []
existing_annotations:
- term:
    id: GO:0003723
    label: RNA binding
  evidence_type: IBA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
  qualifier: enables
  review:
    summary: RNA binding is plausible for ASCC3 but is less specific than its characterized 
      helicase/RQT roles.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: ASCC3 contacts nucleic acids in both the DNA repair and ribosome-rescue settings, and 
      purified ASCC3 can bind ssRNA in vitro, but RNA binding alone does not capture the core 
      ATP-dependent activities. Keep the annotation as contextual rather than using it as the main 
      MF.
    additional_reference_ids:
    - PMID:29144457
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:29144457
      supporting_text: Purified ASCC3 bound to ssRNA in vitro
- term:
    id: GO:0005634
    label: nucleus
  evidence_type: IBA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
  qualifier: is_active_in
  review:
    summary: Nuclear localization is well supported for the ASCC DNA alkylation repair role.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: ASCC3 was originally purified from HeLa nuclei as an ASC-1 complex subunit and later 
      shown to form alkylation-induced nuclear foci with ALKBH3/ASCC repair machinery. This is a 
      core location for the DNA repair arm of ASCC3 biology.
    additional_reference_ids:
    - PMID:29144457
    - PMID:12077347
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:29144457
      supporting_text: Endogenous ASCC3 formed nuclear foci upon treatment of U2OS cells with the 
        alkylating agent
    - reference_id: PMID:12077347
      supporting_text: ASC-1 exists as a steady-state complex associated with three polypeptides, 
        P200, P100, and P50, in HeLa nuclei
- term:
    id: GO:0043138
    label: 3'-5' DNA helicase activity
  evidence_type: IBA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
  qualifier: enables
  review:
    summary: ASCC3 3'-5' DNA helicase activity is directly supported and central to ALKBH3-coupled 
      dealkylation repair.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The ALKBH3-ASCC paper demonstrates that ASCC3 unwinds duplex DNA to produce the 
      single-stranded substrate preferred by ALKBH3. This is the most specific molecular-function 
      term for the nuclear DNA repair activity.
    additional_reference_ids:
    - PMID:22055184
    - PMID:29144457
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:22055184
      supporting_text: ASCC3 unwinds DNA to generate the single-stranded substrate needed for 
        ALKBH3-mediated DNA repair
    - reference_id: PMID:29144457
      supporting_text: Endogenous ASCC3 formed nuclear foci upon treatment of U2OS cells with the 
        alkylating agent
    - reference_id: file:human/ASCC3/ASCC3-notes.md
      supporting_text: ASCC3 is a large ATP-dependent SF2 helicase with two well-supported 
        functional contexts.
- term:
    id: GO:0003676
    label: nucleic acid binding
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000002
  qualifier: enables
  review:
    summary: The broad nucleic-acid binding annotation is directionally true but should be replaced 
      by the specific DNA helicase activity.
    action: MODIFY
    reason: ASCC3 is a nucleic-acid-dependent ATPase/helicase, but the InterPro-derived term is too 
      general. Direct evidence supports 3'-5' DNA helicase activity in ALKBH3-mediated repair.
    proposed_replacement_terms:
    - id: GO:0043138
      label: 3'-5' DNA helicase activity
    additional_reference_ids:
    - PMID:22055184
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:22055184
      supporting_text: ASCC3 unwinds DNA to generate the single-stranded substrate needed for 
        ALKBH3-mediated DNA repair
    - reference_id: PMID:29144457
      supporting_text: Endogenous ASCC3 formed nuclear foci upon treatment of U2OS cells with the 
        alkylating agent
    - reference_id: file:human/ASCC3/ASCC3-notes.md
      supporting_text: ASCC3 is a large ATP-dependent SF2 helicase with two well-supported 
        functional contexts.
- term:
    id: GO:0004386
    label: helicase activity
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000117
  qualifier: enables
  review:
    summary: Generic helicase activity should be refined to ASCC3-specific DNA helicase and ATPase 
      terms.
    action: MODIFY
    reason: ASCC3 is a helicase-family ATPase, but GOA already has stronger, more specific 
      annotations for 3'-5' DNA helicase activity and ATP hydrolysis activity. The generic helicase 
      term should not be the preferred assertion.
    proposed_replacement_terms:
    - id: GO:0043138
      label: 3'-5' DNA helicase activity
    - id: GO:0016887
      label: ATP hydrolysis activity
    additional_reference_ids:
    - PMID:22055184
    - PMID:32579943
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:22055184
      supporting_text: ASCC3 unwinds DNA to generate the single-stranded substrate needed for 
        ALKBH3-mediated DNA repair
    - reference_id: PMID:29144457
      supporting_text: Endogenous ASCC3 formed nuclear foci upon treatment of U2OS cells with the 
        alkylating agent
    - reference_id: file:human/ASCC3/ASCC3-notes.md
      supporting_text: ASCC3 is a large ATP-dependent SF2 helicase with two well-supported 
        functional contexts.
- term:
    id: GO:0005524
    label: ATP binding
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000002
  qualifier: enables
  review:
    summary: ATP binding is consistent with ASCC3 helicase/ATPase function but is not the most 
      informative MF annotation.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: ASCC3 uses ATP-dependent helicase activity in both DNA repair and hRQT ribosome 
      splitting. ATP binding is true as a supporting property, but ATP hydrolysis activity and the 
      specific biological processes carry the core functional meaning.
    additional_reference_ids:
    - PMID:32579943
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:32579943
      supporting_text: its loss phenocopies the loss of ZNF598. This activity of ASCC3 is dependent 
        on its ATP-dependent helicase activities
- term:
    id: GO:0005634
    label: nucleus
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000044
  qualifier: located_in
  review:
    summary: Nuclear localization is well supported for the ASCC DNA alkylation repair role.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: ASCC3 was originally purified from HeLa nuclei as an ASC-1 complex subunit and later 
      shown to form alkylation-induced nuclear foci with ALKBH3/ASCC repair machinery. This is a 
      core location for the DNA repair arm of ASCC3 biology.
    additional_reference_ids:
    - PMID:29144457
    - PMID:12077347
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:29144457
      supporting_text: Endogenous ASCC3 formed nuclear foci upon treatment of U2OS cells with the 
        alkylating agent
    - reference_id: PMID:12077347
      supporting_text: ASC-1 exists as a steady-state complex associated with three polypeptides, 
        P200, P100, and P50, in HeLa nuclei
- term:
    id: GO:0005829
    label: cytosol
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000044
  qualifier: located_in
  review:
    summary: Cytosolic localization is supported by the ribosome-associated quality-control role.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: ASCC3 acts on cytosolic collided ribosomes as part of hRQT. Cytosol annotations are 
      appropriate for the RQC arm of ASCC3, while nuclear annotations remain appropriate for the DNA
      repair arm.
    additional_reference_ids:
    - PMID:32579943
    - PMID:36302773
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:32579943
      supporting_text: ASCC acts on ubiquitinated collided ribosomes to selectively disassemble the 
        lead ribosome
    - reference_id: PMID:36302773
      supporting_text: the trimeric hRQT complex-mediated subunit dissociation
    - reference_id: file:human/ASCC3/ASCC3-notes.md
      supporting_text: 'Conservative decision: retain the exact ribosome-rescue/RQC annotations and do
        not add a new ASCC3 annotation to `GO:0006515`.'
- term:
    id: GO:0016607
    label: nuclear speck
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000044
  qualifier: located_in
  review:
    summary: Nuclear speckle/foci localization is supported in the alkylation damage response 
      context.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: ASCC3 and ASCC complex foci are linked to RNA polymerase II/splicing-associated nuclear 
      regions after alkylation damage, and ASCC1 is described at nuclear speckle foci before damage.
      This is a supported subnuclear context for the repair complex rather than a separate enzymatic
      function.
    additional_reference_ids:
    - PMID:29144457
    - PMID:29997253
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:29144457
      supporting_text: ASCC foci co-localized with elongating (Ser2 phosphorylated) RNA polymerase 
        II
    - reference_id: PMID:29997253
      supporting_text: ASCC1 is present at nuclear speckle foci prior to damage
- term:
    id: GO:0016887
    label: ATP hydrolysis activity
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000116
  qualifier: enables
  review:
    summary: ATP hydrolysis activity is directly tied to ASCC3 helicase-dependent DNA repair and 
      hRQT ribosome splitting.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: ASCC3 is an ATP-dependent helicase; RQC studies show ASCC3 ATPase activity is required 
      for hRQT-mediated ribosome rescue, and DNA repair studies show ATP-dependent helicase activity
      in ASCC3. This is an informative core MF annotation.
    additional_reference_ids:
    - PMID:32099016
    - PMID:32579943
    - PMID:36302773
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:32579943
      supporting_text: This activity of ASCC3 is dependent on its ATP-dependent helicase activities
    - reference_id: PMID:32099016
      supporting_text: The ATPase activity of ASCC3 and the ubiquitin-binding activity of ASCC2 are 
        crucial for triggering
- term:
    id: GO:0043138
    label: 3'-5' DNA helicase activity
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000003
  qualifier: enables
  review:
    summary: ASCC3 3'-5' DNA helicase activity is directly supported and central to ALKBH3-coupled 
      dealkylation repair.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The ALKBH3-ASCC paper demonstrates that ASCC3 unwinds duplex DNA to produce the 
      single-stranded substrate preferred by ALKBH3. This is the most specific molecular-function 
      term for the nuclear DNA repair activity.
    additional_reference_ids:
    - PMID:22055184
    - PMID:29144457
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:22055184
      supporting_text: ASCC3 unwinds DNA to generate the single-stranded substrate needed for 
        ALKBH3-mediated DNA repair
    - reference_id: PMID:29144457
      supporting_text: Endogenous ASCC3 formed nuclear foci upon treatment of U2OS cells with the 
        alkylating agent
    - reference_id: file:human/ASCC3/ASCC3-notes.md
      supporting_text: ASCC3 is a large ATP-dependent SF2 helicase with two well-supported 
        functional contexts.
- term:
    id: GO:0180022
    label: RQC-trigger complex
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000117
  qualifier: part_of
  review:
    summary: ASCC3 is a core subunit of the human RQC-trigger/hRQT complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The original ASC-1 complex paper supports ASCC3/p200 complex membership, and later RQC 
      papers establish the ASCC3-ASCC2-TRIP4 hRQT complex as the ribosome quality-control trigger. 
      The term is therefore biologically correct, even when the older original reference alone is 
      not sufficient for the modern RQC label.
    additional_reference_ids:
    - PMID:32099016
    - PMID:32579943
    - PMID:36302773
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:32099016
      supporting_text: The hRQT complex is composed of ASCC3, ASCC2, and TRIP4
    - reference_id: PMID:36302773
      supporting_text: the trimeric hRQT complex-mediated subunit dissociation
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:28514442
  qualifier: enables
  review:
    summary: The interaction evidence is real but generic protein binding is not an informative 
      ASCC3 molecular-function annotation.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: These rows reflect physical associations from targeted or large-scale interaction data. 
      They are useful as support for ASCC/ALKBH3/hRQT complex biology when specific partners are 
      considered, but the generic GO protein binding term should not be retained as a core MF for 
      ASCC3.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/ASCC3/ASCC3-notes.md
      supporting_text: Treat generic binding annotations conservatively. `protein binding` rows are 
        interaction evidence but not informative molecular-function curation.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:29997253
  qualifier: enables
  review:
    summary: The interaction evidence is real but generic protein binding is not an informative 
      ASCC3 molecular-function annotation.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: These rows reflect physical associations from targeted or large-scale interaction data. 
      They are useful as support for ASCC/ALKBH3/hRQT complex biology when specific partners are 
      considered, but the generic GO protein binding term should not be retained as a core MF for 
      ASCC3.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/ASCC3/ASCC3-notes.md
      supporting_text: Treat generic binding annotations conservatively. `protein binding` rows are 
        interaction evidence but not informative molecular-function curation.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:33961781
  qualifier: enables
  review:
    summary: The interaction evidence is real but generic protein binding is not an informative 
      ASCC3 molecular-function annotation.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: These rows reflect physical associations from targeted or large-scale interaction data. 
      They are useful as support for ASCC/ALKBH3/hRQT complex biology when specific partners are 
      considered, but the generic GO protein binding term should not be retained as a core MF for 
      ASCC3.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/ASCC3/ASCC3-notes.md
      supporting_text: Treat generic binding annotations conservatively. `protein binding` rows are 
        interaction evidence but not informative molecular-function curation.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:40205054
  qualifier: enables
  review:
    summary: The interaction evidence is real but generic protein binding is not an informative 
      ASCC3 molecular-function annotation.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: These rows reflect physical associations from targeted or large-scale interaction data. 
      They are useful as support for ASCC/ALKBH3/hRQT complex biology when specific partners are 
      considered, but the generic GO protein binding term should not be retained as a core MF for 
      ASCC3.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/ASCC3/ASCC3-notes.md
      supporting_text: Treat generic binding annotations conservatively. `protein binding` rows are 
        interaction evidence but not informative molecular-function curation.
- term:
    id: GO:0005829
    label: cytosol
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000052
  qualifier: located_in
  review:
    summary: Cytosolic localization is supported by the ribosome-associated quality-control role.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: ASCC3 acts on cytosolic collided ribosomes as part of hRQT. Cytosol annotations are 
      appropriate for the RQC arm of ASCC3, while nuclear annotations remain appropriate for the DNA
      repair arm.
    additional_reference_ids:
    - PMID:32579943
    - PMID:36302773
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:32579943
      supporting_text: ASCC acts on ubiquitinated collided ribosomes to selectively disassemble the 
        lead ribosome
    - reference_id: PMID:36302773
      supporting_text: the trimeric hRQT complex-mediated subunit dissociation
    - reference_id: file:human/ASCC3/ASCC3-notes.md
      supporting_text: 'Conservative decision: retain the exact ribosome-rescue/RQC annotations and do
        not add a new ASCC3 annotation to `GO:0006515`.'
- term:
    id: GO:0072344
    label: rescue of stalled cytosolic ribosome
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-9948299
  qualifier: involved_in
  review:
    summary: Rescue of stalled cytosolic ribosomes is the PN-relevant core process for ASCC3/hRQT.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: ASCC3 acts in the hRQT/RQC-trigger complex to split ubiquitinated collided ribosomes, 
      allowing downstream RQC. This exact GO term is the conservative PN projection target and is 
      already present in GOA.
    additional_reference_ids:
    - PMID:32099016
    - PMID:32579943
    - PMID:36302773
    - Reactome:R-HSA-9948299
    - Reactome:R-HSA-9948300
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:32579943
      supporting_text: ASCC acts on ubiquitinated collided ribosomes to selectively disassemble the 
        lead ribosome
    - reference_id: PMID:36302773
      supporting_text: the trimeric hRQT complex-mediated subunit dissociation
    - reference_id: file:human/ASCC3/ASCC3-notes.md
      supporting_text: 'Conservative decision: retain the exact ribosome-rescue/RQC annotations and do
        not add a new ASCC3 annotation to `GO:0006515`.'
    - reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-9948300
      supporting_text: splits stalled 80S K63-polyubiquitinated ribosomes into 60S subunits and 
        K63-polyubiquitinated 40S subunits
- term:
    id: GO:0005634
    label: nucleus
  evidence_type: EXP
  original_reference_id: PMID:29144457
  qualifier: located_in
  review:
    summary: Nuclear localization is well supported for the ASCC DNA alkylation repair role.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: ASCC3 was originally purified from HeLa nuclei as an ASC-1 complex subunit and later 
      shown to form alkylation-induced nuclear foci with ALKBH3/ASCC repair machinery. This is a 
      core location for the DNA repair arm of ASCC3 biology.
    additional_reference_ids:
    - PMID:29144457
    - PMID:12077347
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:29144457
      supporting_text: Endogenous ASCC3 formed nuclear foci upon treatment of U2OS cells with the 
        alkylating agent
    - reference_id: PMID:12077347
      supporting_text: ASC-1 exists as a steady-state complex associated with three polypeptides, 
        P200, P100, and P50, in HeLa nuclei
- term:
    id: GO:0016607
    label: nuclear speck
  evidence_type: EXP
  original_reference_id: PMID:29144457
  qualifier: located_in
  review:
    summary: Nuclear speckle/foci localization is supported in the alkylation damage response 
      context.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: ASCC3 and ASCC complex foci are linked to RNA polymerase II/splicing-associated nuclear 
      regions after alkylation damage, and ASCC1 is described at nuclear speckle foci before damage.
      This is a supported subnuclear context for the repair complex rather than a separate enzymatic
      function.
    additional_reference_ids:
    - PMID:29144457
    - PMID:29997253
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:29144457
      supporting_text: ASCC foci co-localized with elongating (Ser2 phosphorylated) RNA polymerase 
        II
    - reference_id: PMID:29997253
      supporting_text: ASCC1 is present at nuclear speckle foci prior to damage
- term:
    id: GO:0016607
    label: nuclear speck
  evidence_type: EXP
  original_reference_id: PMID:29997253
  qualifier: located_in
  review:
    summary: Nuclear speckle/foci localization is supported in the alkylation damage response 
      context.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: ASCC3 and ASCC complex foci are linked to RNA polymerase II/splicing-associated nuclear 
      regions after alkylation damage, and ASCC1 is described at nuclear speckle foci before damage.
      This is a supported subnuclear context for the repair complex rather than a separate enzymatic
      function.
    additional_reference_ids:
    - PMID:29144457
    - PMID:29997253
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:29144457
      supporting_text: ASCC foci co-localized with elongating (Ser2 phosphorylated) RNA polymerase 
        II
    - reference_id: PMID:29997253
      supporting_text: ASCC1 is present at nuclear speckle foci prior to damage
- term:
    id: GO:0016887
    label: ATP hydrolysis activity
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-9948300
  qualifier: enables
  review:
    summary: ATP hydrolysis activity is directly tied to ASCC3 helicase-dependent DNA repair and 
      hRQT ribosome splitting.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: ASCC3 is an ATP-dependent helicase; RQC studies show ASCC3 ATPase activity is required 
      for hRQT-mediated ribosome rescue, and DNA repair studies show ATP-dependent helicase activity
      in ASCC3. This is an informative core MF annotation.
    additional_reference_ids:
    - PMID:32099016
    - PMID:32579943
    - PMID:36302773
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:32579943
      supporting_text: This activity of ASCC3 is dependent on its ATP-dependent helicase activities
    - reference_id: PMID:32099016
      supporting_text: The ATPase activity of ASCC3 and the ubiquitin-binding activity of ASCC2 are 
        crucial for triggering
- term:
    id: GO:0005829
    label: cytosol
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-9948291
  qualifier: located_in
  review:
    summary: Cytosolic localization is supported by the ribosome-associated quality-control role.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: ASCC3 acts on cytosolic collided ribosomes as part of hRQT. Cytosol annotations are 
      appropriate for the RQC arm of ASCC3, while nuclear annotations remain appropriate for the DNA
      repair arm.
    additional_reference_ids:
    - PMID:32579943
    - PMID:36302773
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:32579943
      supporting_text: ASCC acts on ubiquitinated collided ribosomes to selectively disassemble the 
        lead ribosome
    - reference_id: PMID:36302773
      supporting_text: the trimeric hRQT complex-mediated subunit dissociation
    - reference_id: file:human/ASCC3/ASCC3-notes.md
      supporting_text: 'Conservative decision: retain the exact ribosome-rescue/RQC annotations and do
        not add a new ASCC3 annotation to `GO:0006515`.'
- term:
    id: GO:0005829
    label: cytosol
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-9948300
  qualifier: located_in
  review:
    summary: Cytosolic localization is supported by the ribosome-associated quality-control role.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: ASCC3 acts on cytosolic collided ribosomes as part of hRQT. Cytosol annotations are 
      appropriate for the RQC arm of ASCC3, while nuclear annotations remain appropriate for the DNA
      repair arm.
    additional_reference_ids:
    - PMID:32579943
    - PMID:36302773
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:32579943
      supporting_text: ASCC acts on ubiquitinated collided ribosomes to selectively disassemble the 
        lead ribosome
    - reference_id: PMID:36302773
      supporting_text: the trimeric hRQT complex-mediated subunit dissociation
    - reference_id: file:human/ASCC3/ASCC3-notes.md
      supporting_text: 'Conservative decision: retain the exact ribosome-rescue/RQC annotations and do
        not add a new ASCC3 annotation to `GO:0006515`.'
- term:
    id: GO:0005634
    label: nucleus
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:29997253
  qualifier: located_in
  review:
    summary: Nuclear localization is well supported for the ASCC DNA alkylation repair role.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: ASCC3 was originally purified from HeLa nuclei as an ASC-1 complex subunit and later 
      shown to form alkylation-induced nuclear foci with ALKBH3/ASCC repair machinery. This is a 
      core location for the DNA repair arm of ASCC3 biology.
    additional_reference_ids:
    - PMID:29144457
    - PMID:12077347
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:29144457
      supporting_text: Endogenous ASCC3 formed nuclear foci upon treatment of U2OS cells with the 
        alkylating agent
    - reference_id: PMID:12077347
      supporting_text: ASC-1 exists as a steady-state complex associated with three polypeptides, 
        P200, P100, and P50, in HeLa nuclei
- term:
    id: GO:0006260
    label: DNA replication
  evidence_type: NAS
  original_reference_id: PMID:29997253
  qualifier: involved_in
  review:
    summary: The cited ASCC damage-response evidence does not support a general DNA replication role
      for ASCC3.
    action: REMOVE
    reason: ASCC3 participates in ALKBH3-mediated alkylation repair and forms repair foci in 
      cell-cycle contexts, but the cited ASCC1/ASCC paper supports repair-complex regulation rather 
      than DNA replication. This annotation appears to overinterpret ComplexPortal context.
    additional_reference_ids:
    - PMID:29144457
    - PMID:29997253
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:29997253
      supporting_text: ASCC1 interacts with the ASCC complex through the ASCC3 helicase subunit
    - reference_id: PMID:29144457
      supporting_text: Endogenous ASCC3 formed nuclear foci upon treatment of U2OS cells with the 
        alkylating agent
- term:
    id: GO:0006307
    label: DNA alkylation repair
  evidence_type: NAS
  original_reference_id: PMID:29997253
  qualifier: involved_in
  review:
    summary: DNA alkylation repair is a directly supported core ASCC3 function.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: ASCC3 unwinds alkylated duplex DNA and supports ALKBH3-dependent DNA dealkylation 
      repair. Later studies show alkylation-specific nuclear recruitment of the ASCC repair complex.
    additional_reference_ids:
    - PMID:22055184
    - PMID:29144457
    - PMID:29997253
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:22055184
      supporting_text: ASCC3 unwinds DNA to generate the single-stranded substrate needed for 
        ALKBH3-mediated DNA repair
    - reference_id: PMID:29144457
      supporting_text: Endogenous ASCC3 formed nuclear foci upon treatment of U2OS cells with the 
        alkylating agent
    - reference_id: file:human/ASCC3/ASCC3-notes.md
      supporting_text: ASCC3 is a large ATP-dependent SF2 helicase with two well-supported 
        functional contexts.
- term:
    id: GO:0032790
    label: ribosome disassembly
  evidence_type: NAS
  original_reference_id: PMID:32099016
  qualifier: involved_in
  review:
    summary: Ribosome disassembly is directly supported by hRQT/ASCC biochemical and cell-based 
      studies.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: ASCC3-containing ASCC/hRQT disassembles ubiquitinated collided ribosomes in an 
      ATP-dependent reaction, which is the mechanistic core of ASCC3 in RQC.
    additional_reference_ids:
    - PMID:32579943
    - PMID:36302773
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:32579943
      supporting_text: ASCC acts on ubiquitinated collided ribosomes to selectively disassemble the 
        lead ribosome
    - reference_id: PMID:36302773
      supporting_text: hRQT-driven splitting of ribosomes collided on endogenous XBP1u and poly(A) 
        staller mRNAs
- term:
    id: GO:1990116
    label: ribosome-associated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
  evidence_type: NAS
  original_reference_id: PMID:32099016
  qualifier: involved_in
  review:
    summary: ASCC3 is upstream in ribosome-associated ubiquitin-dependent nascent-chain quality 
      control.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: ASCC3/hRQT splits stalled, ubiquitinated ribosomes and thereby produces the 
      subunit/nascent-chain intermediates that enter RQC-associated ubiquitin-dependent protein 
      degradation. The term is broader than the immediate splitting event but is supported as the 
      pathway context.
    additional_reference_ids:
    - PMID:32099016
    - PMID:32579943
    - PMID:36302773
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:32099016
      supporting_text: Ribosome stalling triggers the ribosome-associated quality control (RQC) 
        pathway
    - reference_id: PMID:32579943
      supporting_text: 60S-peptidyl-tRNAs are substrates for RQC factors that trigger nascent 
        polypeptide ubiquitination and degradation
- term:
    id: GO:1990391
    label: DNA repair complex
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:29997253
  qualifier: part_of
  review:
    summary: ASCC3 is a subunit of the ASCC DNA alkylation repair complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The ASCC1/ASCC2/ASCC3 complex is repeatedly supported in the alkylation repair 
      literature and is recruited with ALKBH3 to alkylation-induced nuclear foci.
    additional_reference_ids:
    - PMID:29144457
    - PMID:29997253
    - PMID:22055184
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:29997253
      supporting_text: ASCC1 interacts with the ASCC complex through the ASCC3 helicase subunit
    - reference_id: PMID:29144457
      supporting_text: Endogenous ASCC3 formed nuclear foci upon treatment of U2OS cells with the 
        alkylating agent
- term:
    id: GO:0016887
    label: ATP hydrolysis activity
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:32579943
  qualifier: enables
  review:
    summary: ATP hydrolysis activity is directly tied to ASCC3 helicase-dependent DNA repair and 
      hRQT ribosome splitting.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: ASCC3 is an ATP-dependent helicase; RQC studies show ASCC3 ATPase activity is required 
      for hRQT-mediated ribosome rescue, and DNA repair studies show ATP-dependent helicase activity
      in ASCC3. This is an informative core MF annotation.
    additional_reference_ids:
    - PMID:32099016
    - PMID:32579943
    - PMID:36302773
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:32579943
      supporting_text: This activity of ASCC3 is dependent on its ATP-dependent helicase activities
    - reference_id: PMID:32099016
      supporting_text: The ATPase activity of ASCC3 and the ubiquitin-binding activity of ASCC2 are 
        crucial for triggering
- term:
    id: GO:0016887
    label: ATP hydrolysis activity
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:36302773
  qualifier: enables
  review:
    summary: ATP hydrolysis activity is directly tied to ASCC3 helicase-dependent DNA repair and 
      hRQT ribosome splitting.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: ASCC3 is an ATP-dependent helicase; RQC studies show ASCC3 ATPase activity is required 
      for hRQT-mediated ribosome rescue, and DNA repair studies show ATP-dependent helicase activity
      in ASCC3. This is an informative core MF annotation.
    additional_reference_ids:
    - PMID:32099016
    - PMID:32579943
    - PMID:36302773
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:32579943
      supporting_text: This activity of ASCC3 is dependent on its ATP-dependent helicase activities
    - reference_id: PMID:32099016
      supporting_text: The ATPase activity of ASCC3 and the ubiquitin-binding activity of ASCC2 are 
        crucial for triggering
- term:
    id: GO:0022626
    label: cytosolic ribosome
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:36302773
  qualifier: is_active_in
  review:
    summary: ASCC3 is active on cytosolic ribosomes during hRQT-mediated RQC initiation.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The RQC studies directly place ASCC3/hRQT on collided cytosolic ribosomes and show that 
      ASCC3 ATPase activity drives subunit dissociation.
    additional_reference_ids:
    - PMID:32579943
    - PMID:36302773
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:32579943
      supporting_text: ASCC acts on ubiquitinated collided ribosomes to selectively disassemble the 
        lead ribosome
    - reference_id: PMID:36302773
      supporting_text: the trimeric hRQT complex-mediated subunit dissociation
    - reference_id: file:human/ASCC3/ASCC3-notes.md
      supporting_text: 'Conservative decision: retain the exact ribosome-rescue/RQC annotations and do
        not add a new ASCC3 annotation to `GO:0006515`.'
- term:
    id: GO:0032790
    label: ribosome disassembly
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:32579943
  qualifier: involved_in
  review:
    summary: Ribosome disassembly is directly supported by hRQT/ASCC biochemical and cell-based 
      studies.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: ASCC3-containing ASCC/hRQT disassembles ubiquitinated collided ribosomes in an 
      ATP-dependent reaction, which is the mechanistic core of ASCC3 in RQC.
    additional_reference_ids:
    - PMID:32579943
    - PMID:36302773
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:32579943
      supporting_text: ASCC acts on ubiquitinated collided ribosomes to selectively disassemble the 
        lead ribosome
    - reference_id: PMID:36302773
      supporting_text: hRQT-driven splitting of ribosomes collided on endogenous XBP1u and poly(A) 
        staller mRNAs
- term:
    id: GO:0032790
    label: ribosome disassembly
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:36302773
  qualifier: involved_in
  review:
    summary: Ribosome disassembly is directly supported by hRQT/ASCC biochemical and cell-based 
      studies.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: ASCC3-containing ASCC/hRQT disassembles ubiquitinated collided ribosomes in an 
      ATP-dependent reaction, which is the mechanistic core of ASCC3 in RQC.
    additional_reference_ids:
    - PMID:32579943
    - PMID:36302773
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:32579943
      supporting_text: ASCC acts on ubiquitinated collided ribosomes to selectively disassemble the 
        lead ribosome
    - reference_id: PMID:36302773
      supporting_text: hRQT-driven splitting of ribosomes collided on endogenous XBP1u and poly(A) 
        staller mRNAs
- term:
    id: GO:0072344
    label: rescue of stalled cytosolic ribosome
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:32579943
  qualifier: involved_in
  review:
    summary: Rescue of stalled cytosolic ribosomes is the PN-relevant core process for ASCC3/hRQT.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: ASCC3 acts in the hRQT/RQC-trigger complex to split ubiquitinated collided ribosomes, 
      allowing downstream RQC. This exact GO term is the conservative PN projection target and is 
      already present in GOA.
    additional_reference_ids:
    - PMID:32099016
    - PMID:32579943
    - PMID:36302773
    - Reactome:R-HSA-9948299
    - Reactome:R-HSA-9948300
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:32579943
      supporting_text: ASCC acts on ubiquitinated collided ribosomes to selectively disassemble the 
        lead ribosome
    - reference_id: PMID:36302773
      supporting_text: the trimeric hRQT complex-mediated subunit dissociation
    - reference_id: file:human/ASCC3/ASCC3-notes.md
      supporting_text: 'Conservative decision: retain the exact ribosome-rescue/RQC annotations and do
        not add a new ASCC3 annotation to `GO:0006515`.'
    - reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-9948300
      supporting_text: splits stalled 80S K63-polyubiquitinated ribosomes into 60S subunits and 
        K63-polyubiquitinated 40S subunits
- term:
    id: GO:0072344
    label: rescue of stalled cytosolic ribosome
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:36302773
  qualifier: involved_in
  review:
    summary: Rescue of stalled cytosolic ribosomes is the PN-relevant core process for ASCC3/hRQT.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: ASCC3 acts in the hRQT/RQC-trigger complex to split ubiquitinated collided ribosomes, 
      allowing downstream RQC. This exact GO term is the conservative PN projection target and is 
      already present in GOA.
    additional_reference_ids:
    - PMID:32099016
    - PMID:32579943
    - PMID:36302773
    - Reactome:R-HSA-9948299
    - Reactome:R-HSA-9948300
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:32579943
      supporting_text: ASCC acts on ubiquitinated collided ribosomes to selectively disassemble the 
        lead ribosome
    - reference_id: PMID:36302773
      supporting_text: the trimeric hRQT complex-mediated subunit dissociation
    - reference_id: file:human/ASCC3/ASCC3-notes.md
      supporting_text: 'Conservative decision: retain the exact ribosome-rescue/RQC annotations and do
        not add a new ASCC3 annotation to `GO:0006515`.'
    - reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-9948300
      supporting_text: splits stalled 80S K63-polyubiquitinated ribosomes into 60S subunits and 
        K63-polyubiquitinated 40S subunits
- term:
    id: GO:0072344
    label: rescue of stalled cytosolic ribosome
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:32099016
  qualifier: involved_in
  review:
    summary: Rescue of stalled cytosolic ribosomes is the PN-relevant core process for ASCC3/hRQT.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: ASCC3 acts in the hRQT/RQC-trigger complex to split ubiquitinated collided ribosomes, 
      allowing downstream RQC. This exact GO term is the conservative PN projection target and is 
      already present in GOA.
    additional_reference_ids:
    - PMID:32099016
    - PMID:32579943
    - PMID:36302773
    - Reactome:R-HSA-9948299
    - Reactome:R-HSA-9948300
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:32579943
      supporting_text: ASCC acts on ubiquitinated collided ribosomes to selectively disassemble the 
        lead ribosome
    - reference_id: PMID:36302773
      supporting_text: the trimeric hRQT complex-mediated subunit dissociation
    - reference_id: file:human/ASCC3/ASCC3-notes.md
      supporting_text: 'Conservative decision: retain the exact ribosome-rescue/RQC annotations and do
        not add a new ASCC3 annotation to `GO:0006515`.'
    - reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-9948300
      supporting_text: splits stalled 80S K63-polyubiquitinated ribosomes into 60S subunits and 
        K63-polyubiquitinated 40S subunits
- term:
    id: GO:1990116
    label: ribosome-associated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:32099016
  qualifier: involved_in
  review:
    summary: ASCC3 is upstream in ribosome-associated ubiquitin-dependent nascent-chain quality 
      control.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: ASCC3/hRQT splits stalled, ubiquitinated ribosomes and thereby produces the 
      subunit/nascent-chain intermediates that enter RQC-associated ubiquitin-dependent protein 
      degradation. The term is broader than the immediate splitting event but is supported as the 
      pathway context.
    additional_reference_ids:
    - PMID:32099016
    - PMID:32579943
    - PMID:36302773
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:32099016
      supporting_text: Ribosome stalling triggers the ribosome-associated quality control (RQC) 
        pathway
    - reference_id: PMID:32579943
      supporting_text: 60S-peptidyl-tRNAs are substrates for RQC factors that trigger nascent 
        polypeptide ubiquitination and degradation
- term:
    id: GO:0005829
    label: cytosol
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:28757607
  qualifier: located_in
  review:
    summary: Cytosolic localization is supported by the ribosome-associated quality-control role.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: ASCC3 acts on cytosolic collided ribosomes as part of hRQT. Cytosol annotations are 
      appropriate for the RQC arm of ASCC3, while nuclear annotations remain appropriate for the DNA
      repair arm.
    additional_reference_ids:
    - PMID:32579943
    - PMID:36302773
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:32579943
      supporting_text: ASCC acts on ubiquitinated collided ribosomes to selectively disassemble the 
        lead ribosome
    - reference_id: PMID:36302773
      supporting_text: the trimeric hRQT complex-mediated subunit dissociation
    - reference_id: file:human/ASCC3/ASCC3-notes.md
      supporting_text: 'Conservative decision: retain the exact ribosome-rescue/RQC annotations and do
        not add a new ASCC3 annotation to `GO:0006515`.'
- term:
    id: GO:0180022
    label: RQC-trigger complex
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:12077347
  qualifier: part_of
  review:
    summary: ASCC3 is a core subunit of the human RQC-trigger/hRQT complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The original ASC-1 complex paper supports ASCC3/p200 complex membership, and later RQC 
      papers establish the ASCC3-ASCC2-TRIP4 hRQT complex as the ribosome quality-control trigger. 
      The term is therefore biologically correct, even when the older original reference alone is 
      not sufficient for the modern RQC label.
    additional_reference_ids:
    - PMID:32099016
    - PMID:32579943
    - PMID:36302773
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:32099016
      supporting_text: The hRQT complex is composed of ASCC3, ASCC2, and TRIP4
    - reference_id: PMID:36302773
      supporting_text: the trimeric hRQT complex-mediated subunit dissociation
- term:
    id: GO:0005634
    label: nucleus
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:12077347
  qualifier: located_in
  review:
    summary: Nuclear localization is well supported for the ASCC DNA alkylation repair role.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: ASCC3 was originally purified from HeLa nuclei as an ASC-1 complex subunit and later 
      shown to form alkylation-induced nuclear foci with ALKBH3/ASCC repair machinery. This is a 
      core location for the DNA repair arm of ASCC3 biology.
    additional_reference_ids:
    - PMID:29144457
    - PMID:12077347
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:29144457
      supporting_text: Endogenous ASCC3 formed nuclear foci upon treatment of U2OS cells with the 
        alkylating agent
    - reference_id: PMID:12077347
      supporting_text: ASC-1 exists as a steady-state complex associated with three polypeptides, 
        P200, P100, and P50, in HeLa nuclei
- term:
    id: GO:0005654
    label: nucleoplasm
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-112123
  qualifier: located_in
  review:
    summary: Nucleoplasm annotations from Reactome ALKBH3 repair events are consistent with ASCC3 
      nuclear DNA repair function.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: Reactome ALKBH3 dealkylation events correctly place the ASCC1:ASCC2:ASCC3 repair complex
      in the nucleoplasm during alkylated DNA repair. This is compatible with direct nuclear foci 
      evidence.
    additional_reference_ids:
    - PMID:29144457
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-112123
      supporting_text: The reversal of alkylating damage of dsDNA by ALKBH3 requires the presence of
        DNA helicase ASCC3
    - reference_id: PMID:29144457
      supporting_text: Endogenous ASCC3 formed nuclear foci upon treatment of U2OS cells with the 
        alkylating agent
- term:
    id: GO:0005654
    label: nucleoplasm
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-112124
  qualifier: located_in
  review:
    summary: Nucleoplasm annotations from Reactome ALKBH3 repair events are consistent with ASCC3 
      nuclear DNA repair function.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: Reactome ALKBH3 dealkylation events correctly place the ASCC1:ASCC2:ASCC3 repair complex
      in the nucleoplasm during alkylated DNA repair. This is compatible with direct nuclear foci 
      evidence.
    additional_reference_ids:
    - PMID:29144457
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-112123
      supporting_text: The reversal of alkylating damage of dsDNA by ALKBH3 requires the presence of
        DNA helicase ASCC3
    - reference_id: PMID:29144457
      supporting_text: Endogenous ASCC3 formed nuclear foci upon treatment of U2OS cells with the 
        alkylating agent
- term:
    id: GO:0005654
    label: nucleoplasm
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-112125
  qualifier: located_in
  review:
    summary: Nucleoplasm annotations from Reactome ALKBH3 repair events are consistent with ASCC3 
      nuclear DNA repair function.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: Reactome ALKBH3 dealkylation events correctly place the ASCC1:ASCC2:ASCC3 repair complex
      in the nucleoplasm during alkylated DNA repair. This is compatible with direct nuclear foci 
      evidence.
    additional_reference_ids:
    - PMID:29144457
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-112123
      supporting_text: The reversal of alkylating damage of dsDNA by ALKBH3 requires the presence of
        DNA helicase ASCC3
    - reference_id: PMID:29144457
      supporting_text: Endogenous ASCC3 formed nuclear foci upon treatment of U2OS cells with the 
        alkylating agent
- term:
    id: GO:0005654
    label: nucleoplasm
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-5657617
  qualifier: located_in
  review:
    summary: Nucleoplasm annotations from Reactome ALKBH3 repair events are consistent with ASCC3 
      nuclear DNA repair function.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: Reactome ALKBH3 dealkylation events correctly place the ASCC1:ASCC2:ASCC3 repair complex
      in the nucleoplasm during alkylated DNA repair. This is compatible with direct nuclear foci 
      evidence.
    additional_reference_ids:
    - PMID:29144457
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-112123
      supporting_text: The reversal of alkylating damage of dsDNA by ALKBH3 requires the presence of
        DNA helicase ASCC3
    - reference_id: PMID:29144457
      supporting_text: Endogenous ASCC3 formed nuclear foci upon treatment of U2OS cells with the 
        alkylating agent
- term:
    id: GO:0005654
    label: nucleoplasm
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-5657637
  qualifier: located_in
  review:
    summary: Nucleoplasm annotations from Reactome ALKBH3 repair events are consistent with ASCC3 
      nuclear DNA repair function.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: Reactome ALKBH3 dealkylation events correctly place the ASCC1:ASCC2:ASCC3 repair complex
      in the nucleoplasm during alkylated DNA repair. This is compatible with direct nuclear foci 
      evidence.
    additional_reference_ids:
    - PMID:29144457
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-112123
      supporting_text: The reversal of alkylating damage of dsDNA by ALKBH3 requires the presence of
        DNA helicase ASCC3
    - reference_id: PMID:29144457
      supporting_text: Endogenous ASCC3 formed nuclear foci upon treatment of U2OS cells with the 
        alkylating agent
- term:
    id: GO:0005654
    label: nucleoplasm
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-5657642
  qualifier: located_in
  review:
    summary: Nucleoplasm annotations from Reactome ALKBH3 repair events are consistent with ASCC3 
      nuclear DNA repair function.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: Reactome ALKBH3 dealkylation events correctly place the ASCC1:ASCC2:ASCC3 repair complex
      in the nucleoplasm during alkylated DNA repair. This is compatible with direct nuclear foci 
      evidence.
    additional_reference_ids:
    - PMID:29144457
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-112123
      supporting_text: The reversal of alkylating damage of dsDNA by ALKBH3 requires the presence of
        DNA helicase ASCC3
    - reference_id: PMID:29144457
      supporting_text: Endogenous ASCC3 formed nuclear foci upon treatment of U2OS cells with the 
        alkylating agent
- term:
    id: GO:0016020
    label: membrane
  evidence_type: HDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:19946888
  qualifier: located_in
  review:
    summary: The high-throughput membrane localization is not consistent with the curated ASCC3 
      functional picture.
    action: REMOVE
    reason: ASCC3 is a soluble nuclear/cytosolic helicase in ASCC and hRQT complexes and lacks a 
      compelling membrane-associated core role. The membrane-proteome HDA row is likely a peripheral
      or proteomics-carryover signal and should not be retained.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/ASCC3/ASCC3-notes.md
      supporting_text: 'Remove the high-throughput `membrane` localization: ASCC3 is a soluble nuclear/cytosolic
        protein with no transmembrane-domain basis'
- term:
    id: GO:0003723
    label: RNA binding
  evidence_type: HDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:22681889
  qualifier: enables
  review:
    summary: RNA binding is plausible for ASCC3 but is less specific than its characterized 
      helicase/RQT roles.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: ASCC3 contacts nucleic acids in both the DNA repair and ribosome-rescue settings, and 
      purified ASCC3 can bind ssRNA in vitro, but RNA binding alone does not capture the core 
      ATP-dependent activities. Keep the annotation as contextual rather than using it as the main 
      MF.
    additional_reference_ids:
    - PMID:29144457
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:29144457
      supporting_text: Purified ASCC3 bound to ssRNA in vitro
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:22055184
  qualifier: enables
  review:
    summary: The interaction evidence is real but generic protein binding is not an informative 
      ASCC3 molecular-function annotation.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: These rows reflect physical associations from targeted or large-scale interaction data. 
      They are useful as support for ASCC/ALKBH3/hRQT complex biology when specific partners are 
      considered, but the generic GO protein binding term should not be retained as a core MF for 
      ASCC3.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/ASCC3/ASCC3-notes.md
      supporting_text: Treat generic binding annotations conservatively. `protein binding` rows are 
        interaction evidence but not informative molecular-function curation.
- term:
    id: GO:0005634
    label: nucleus
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: PMID:22055184
  qualifier: located_in
  review:
    summary: Nuclear localization is well supported for the ASCC DNA alkylation repair role.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: ASCC3 was originally purified from HeLa nuclei as an ASC-1 complex subunit and later 
      shown to form alkylation-induced nuclear foci with ALKBH3/ASCC repair machinery. This is a 
      core location for the DNA repair arm of ASCC3 biology.
    additional_reference_ids:
    - PMID:29144457
    - PMID:12077347
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:29144457
      supporting_text: Endogenous ASCC3 formed nuclear foci upon treatment of U2OS cells with the 
        alkylating agent
    - reference_id: PMID:12077347
      supporting_text: ASC-1 exists as a steady-state complex associated with three polypeptides, 
        P200, P100, and P50, in HeLa nuclei
- term:
    id: GO:0006307
    label: DNA alkylation repair
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:22055184
  qualifier: involved_in
  review:
    summary: DNA alkylation repair is a directly supported core ASCC3 function.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: ASCC3 unwinds alkylated duplex DNA and supports ALKBH3-dependent DNA dealkylation 
      repair. Later studies show alkylation-specific nuclear recruitment of the ASCC repair complex.
    additional_reference_ids:
    - PMID:22055184
    - PMID:29144457
    - PMID:29997253
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:22055184
      supporting_text: ASCC3 unwinds DNA to generate the single-stranded substrate needed for 
        ALKBH3-mediated DNA repair
    - reference_id: PMID:29144457
      supporting_text: Endogenous ASCC3 formed nuclear foci upon treatment of U2OS cells with the 
        alkylating agent
    - reference_id: file:human/ASCC3/ASCC3-notes.md
      supporting_text: ASCC3 is a large ATP-dependent SF2 helicase with two well-supported 
        functional contexts.
- term:
    id: GO:0043138
    label: 3'-5' DNA helicase activity
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:22055184
  qualifier: enables
  review:
    summary: ASCC3 3'-5' DNA helicase activity is directly supported and central to ALKBH3-coupled 
      dealkylation repair.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The ALKBH3-ASCC paper demonstrates that ASCC3 unwinds duplex DNA to produce the 
      single-stranded substrate preferred by ALKBH3. This is the most specific molecular-function 
      term for the nuclear DNA repair activity.
    additional_reference_ids:
    - PMID:22055184
    - PMID:29144457
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:22055184
      supporting_text: ASCC3 unwinds DNA to generate the single-stranded substrate needed for 
        ALKBH3-mediated DNA repair
    - reference_id: PMID:29144457
      supporting_text: Endogenous ASCC3 formed nuclear foci upon treatment of U2OS cells with the 
        alkylating agent
    - reference_id: file:human/ASCC3/ASCC3-notes.md
      supporting_text: ASCC3 is a large ATP-dependent SF2 helicase with two well-supported 
        functional contexts.
core_functions:
- description: ASCC3 is the catalytic 3'-5' DNA helicase of the nuclear ASCC-ALKBH3 dealkylation 
    repair complex. It unwinds alkylated duplex DNA to expose single-stranded substrates for ALKBH3 
    and is recruited to alkylation-induced nuclear foci.
  molecular_function:
    id: GO:0043138
    label: 3'-5' DNA helicase activity
  directly_involved_in:
  - id: GO:0006307
    label: DNA alkylation repair
  locations:
  - id: GO:0005634
    label: nucleus
  - id: GO:0005654
    label: nucleoplasm
  - id: GO:0016607
    label: nuclear speck
  in_complex:
    id: GO:1990391
    label: DNA repair complex
  supported_by:
  - reference_id: PMID:22055184
    supporting_text: ASCC3 unwinds DNA to generate the single-stranded substrate needed for 
      ALKBH3-mediated DNA repair
  - reference_id: PMID:29144457
    supporting_text: Endogenous ASCC3 formed nuclear foci upon treatment of U2OS cells with the 
      alkylating agent
  - reference_id: file:human/ASCC3/ASCC3-notes.md
    supporting_text: ASCC3 is a large ATP-dependent SF2 helicase with two well-supported functional 
      contexts.
  - reference_id: PMID:29997253
    supporting_text: ASCC1 interacts with the ASCC complex through the ASCC3 helicase subunit
- description: ASCC3/RQT2 is the ATPase subunit of the cytosolic hRQT/RQC-trigger complex. Together 
    with ASCC2 and TRIP4, it acts on K63-ubiquitinated collided ribosomes and promotes ribosomal 
    subunit dissociation, enabling downstream ribosome-associated quality control of stalled nascent
    chains.
  molecular_function:
    id: GO:0016887
    label: ATP hydrolysis activity
  directly_involved_in:
  - id: GO:0032790
    label: ribosome disassembly
  - id: GO:0072344
    label: rescue of stalled cytosolic ribosome
  - id: GO:1990116
    label: ribosome-associated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
  locations:
  - id: GO:0005829
    label: cytosol
  - id: GO:0022626
    label: cytosolic ribosome
  in_complex:
    id: GO:0180022
    label: RQC-trigger complex
  supported_by:
  - reference_id: PMID:32579943
    supporting_text: ASCC acts on ubiquitinated collided ribosomes to selectively disassemble the 
      lead ribosome
  - reference_id: PMID:36302773
    supporting_text: the trimeric hRQT complex-mediated subunit dissociation
  - reference_id: file:human/ASCC3/ASCC3-notes.md
    supporting_text: 'Conservative decision: retain the exact ribosome-rescue/RQC annotations and do not
      add a new ASCC3 annotation to `GO:0006515`.'
  - reference_id: PMID:32099016
    supporting_text: The hRQT complex is composed of ASCC3, ASCC2, and TRIP4
proposed_new_terms: []
suggested_questions:
- question: Should PN ribosome-associated QC mappings continue to project the broad GO:0006515 term 
    to genes like ASCC3 when more specific ribosome-rescue and RQC catabolic-process terms are 
    already present?
- question: Which endogenous mammalian stall substrates, beyond XBP1u and poly(A)-based reporters, 
    depend most strongly on ASCC3/hRQT for ribosome rescue?
- question: Can ASCC3 disease-associated variants be separated into nuclear DNA-repair defects,
    cytosolic RQC defects, or combined helicase-loss mechanisms?
- question: Does the ASCC3/ASC-1 complex role in promoting translation initiation by scanning
    ribosomes at 5'-UTRs (Kito et al. 2023) warrant a distinct molecular-function or
    biological-process annotation separate from its collided-ribosome rescue activity?
- question: Are the neurodevelopmental/neuromuscular phenotypes of biallelic ASCC3 loss-of-function
    variants driven primarily by impaired ribosome-associated quality control, impaired DNA
    alkylation repair, impaired translation initiation, or a combination?
- question: Is the reported STAT3/CAND1-stabilizing, interferon-dampening activity of ASCC3 in NSCLC
    a direct helicase-dependent function or an indirect consequence of altered proteostasis or
    translation, and should it be curated as a molecular function?
suggested_experiments:
- description: Use acute ASCC3 depletion or degron tagging with wild-type and ATPase-dead rescue 
    constructs, then quantify endogenous collided-ribosome clearance by disome profiling and 
    nascent-chain ubiquitination/degradation assays.
  experiment_type: cell biology and ribosome profiling
  hypothesis: ASCC3 ATPase activity is required for clearance of endogenous mammalian collided 
    ribosomes, not only engineered stalling reporters.
- description: Engineer complex-selective ASCC3 separation-of-function variants or 
    localization-restricted rescue constructs to compare MMS-induced ALKBH3 repair foci with 
    hRQT-mediated poly(A)/XBP1u ribosome rescue.
  experiment_type: separation-of-function rescue
  hypothesis: The nuclear dealkylation repair and cytosolic hRQT roles can be genetically decoupled.
- description: Test ASCC3 patient variants in parallel assays for ALKBH3-dependent alkylation damage
    resistance and hRQT-dependent stalled-ribosome splitting.
  experiment_type: variant functional assay
  hypothesis: Some ASCC3 variants impair one functional context more strongly than the other.