ASCC3 encodes a large ATP-dependent superfamily II helicase that functions in distinct ASCC-containing complexes. In the nucleus, ASCC3 is the catalytic helicase subunit of the ALKBH3-associated ASCC DNA dealkylation repair complex, where it helps unwind alkylated duplex DNA and is recruited to alkylation-induced nuclear foci. In the cytosol, ASCC3/RQT2 is the ATPase subunit of the human ribosome quality control trigger complex with ASCC2 and TRIP4, where it promotes splitting of K63-ubiquitinated collided ribosomes to initiate ribosome-associated quality control. ASCC3 was also originally identified as a component of the ASC-1 transcription coactivator complex, but its best-supported mechanistic roles are DNA alkylation repair and stalled ribosome rescue.
| GO Term | Evidence | Action | Reason |
|---|---|---|---|
|
GO:0003723
RNA binding
|
IBA
GO_REF:0000033 |
KEEP AS NON CORE |
Summary: RNA binding is plausible for ASCC3 but is less specific than its characterized helicase/RQT roles.
Reason: ASCC3 contacts nucleic acids in both the DNA repair and ribosome-rescue settings, and purified ASCC3 can bind ssRNA in vitro, but RNA binding alone does not capture the core ATP-dependent activities. Keep the annotation as contextual rather than using it as the main MF.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:29144457
Purified ASCC3 bound to ssRNA in vitro
|
|
GO:0005634
nucleus
|
IBA
GO_REF:0000033 |
ACCEPT |
Summary: Nuclear localization is well supported for the ASCC DNA alkylation repair role.
Reason: ASCC3 was originally purified from HeLa nuclei as an ASC-1 complex subunit and later shown to form alkylation-induced nuclear foci with ALKBH3/ASCC repair machinery. This is a core location for the DNA repair arm of ASCC3 biology.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:29144457
Endogenous ASCC3 formed nuclear foci upon treatment of U2OS cells with the alkylating agent
PMID:12077347
ASC-1 exists as a steady-state complex associated with three polypeptides, P200, P100, and P50, in HeLa nuclei
|
|
GO:0043138
3'-5' DNA helicase activity
|
IBA
GO_REF:0000033 |
ACCEPT |
Summary: ASCC3 3'-5' DNA helicase activity is directly supported and central to ALKBH3-coupled dealkylation repair.
Reason: The ALKBH3-ASCC paper demonstrates that ASCC3 unwinds duplex DNA to produce the single-stranded substrate preferred by ALKBH3. This is the most specific molecular-function term for the nuclear DNA repair activity.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:22055184
ASCC3 unwinds DNA to generate the single-stranded substrate needed for ALKBH3-mediated DNA repair
PMID:29144457
Endogenous ASCC3 formed nuclear foci upon treatment of U2OS cells with the alkylating agent
file:human/ASCC3/ASCC3-notes.md
ASCC3 is a large ATP-dependent SF2 helicase with two well-supported functional contexts.
|
|
GO:0003676
nucleic acid binding
|
IEA
GO_REF:0000002 |
MODIFY |
Summary: The broad nucleic-acid binding annotation is directionally true but should be replaced by the specific DNA helicase activity.
Reason: ASCC3 is a nucleic-acid-dependent ATPase/helicase, but the InterPro-derived term is too general. Direct evidence supports 3'-5' DNA helicase activity in ALKBH3-mediated repair.
Proposed replacements:
3'-5' DNA helicase activity
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:22055184
ASCC3 unwinds DNA to generate the single-stranded substrate needed for ALKBH3-mediated DNA repair
PMID:29144457
Endogenous ASCC3 formed nuclear foci upon treatment of U2OS cells with the alkylating agent
file:human/ASCC3/ASCC3-notes.md
ASCC3 is a large ATP-dependent SF2 helicase with two well-supported functional contexts.
|
|
GO:0004386
helicase activity
|
IEA
GO_REF:0000117 |
MODIFY |
Summary: Generic helicase activity should be refined to ASCC3-specific DNA helicase and ATPase terms.
Reason: ASCC3 is a helicase-family ATPase, but GOA already has stronger, more specific annotations for 3'-5' DNA helicase activity and ATP hydrolysis activity. The generic helicase term should not be the preferred assertion.
Proposed replacements:
3'-5' DNA helicase activity
ATP hydrolysis activity
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:22055184
ASCC3 unwinds DNA to generate the single-stranded substrate needed for ALKBH3-mediated DNA repair
PMID:29144457
Endogenous ASCC3 formed nuclear foci upon treatment of U2OS cells with the alkylating agent
file:human/ASCC3/ASCC3-notes.md
ASCC3 is a large ATP-dependent SF2 helicase with two well-supported functional contexts.
|
|
GO:0005524
ATP binding
|
IEA
GO_REF:0000002 |
KEEP AS NON CORE |
Summary: ATP binding is consistent with ASCC3 helicase/ATPase function but is not the most informative MF annotation.
Reason: ASCC3 uses ATP-dependent helicase activity in both DNA repair and hRQT ribosome splitting. ATP binding is true as a supporting property, but ATP hydrolysis activity and the specific biological processes carry the core functional meaning.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:32579943
its loss phenocopies the loss of ZNF598. This activity of ASCC3 is dependent on its ATP-dependent helicase activities
|
|
GO:0005634
nucleus
|
IEA
GO_REF:0000044 |
ACCEPT |
Summary: Nuclear localization is well supported for the ASCC DNA alkylation repair role.
Reason: ASCC3 was originally purified from HeLa nuclei as an ASC-1 complex subunit and later shown to form alkylation-induced nuclear foci with ALKBH3/ASCC repair machinery. This is a core location for the DNA repair arm of ASCC3 biology.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:29144457
Endogenous ASCC3 formed nuclear foci upon treatment of U2OS cells with the alkylating agent
PMID:12077347
ASC-1 exists as a steady-state complex associated with three polypeptides, P200, P100, and P50, in HeLa nuclei
|
|
GO:0005829
cytosol
|
IEA
GO_REF:0000044 |
ACCEPT |
Summary: Cytosolic localization is supported by the ribosome-associated quality-control role.
Reason: ASCC3 acts on cytosolic collided ribosomes as part of hRQT. Cytosol annotations are appropriate for the RQC arm of ASCC3, while nuclear annotations remain appropriate for the DNA repair arm.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:32579943
ASCC acts on ubiquitinated collided ribosomes to selectively disassemble the lead ribosome
PMID:36302773
the trimeric hRQT complex-mediated subunit dissociation
file:human/ASCC3/ASCC3-notes.md
Conservative decision: retain the exact ribosome-rescue/RQC annotations and do not add a new ASCC3 annotation to `GO:0006515`.
|
|
GO:0016607
nuclear speck
|
IEA
GO_REF:0000044 |
ACCEPT |
Summary: Nuclear speckle/foci localization is supported in the alkylation damage response context.
Reason: ASCC3 and ASCC complex foci are linked to RNA polymerase II/splicing-associated nuclear regions after alkylation damage, and ASCC1 is described at nuclear speckle foci before damage. This is a supported subnuclear context for the repair complex rather than a separate enzymatic function.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:29144457
ASCC foci co-localized with elongating (Ser2 phosphorylated) RNA polymerase II
PMID:29997253
ASCC1 is present at nuclear speckle foci prior to damage
|
|
GO:0016887
ATP hydrolysis activity
|
IEA
GO_REF:0000116 |
ACCEPT |
Summary: ATP hydrolysis activity is directly tied to ASCC3 helicase-dependent DNA repair and hRQT ribosome splitting.
Reason: ASCC3 is an ATP-dependent helicase; RQC studies show ASCC3 ATPase activity is required for hRQT-mediated ribosome rescue, and DNA repair studies show ATP-dependent helicase activity in ASCC3. This is an informative core MF annotation.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:32579943
This activity of ASCC3 is dependent on its ATP-dependent helicase activities
PMID:32099016
The ATPase activity of ASCC3 and the ubiquitin-binding activity of ASCC2 are crucial for triggering
|
|
GO:0043138
3'-5' DNA helicase activity
|
IEA
GO_REF:0000003 |
ACCEPT |
Summary: ASCC3 3'-5' DNA helicase activity is directly supported and central to ALKBH3-coupled dealkylation repair.
Reason: The ALKBH3-ASCC paper demonstrates that ASCC3 unwinds duplex DNA to produce the single-stranded substrate preferred by ALKBH3. This is the most specific molecular-function term for the nuclear DNA repair activity.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:22055184
ASCC3 unwinds DNA to generate the single-stranded substrate needed for ALKBH3-mediated DNA repair
PMID:29144457
Endogenous ASCC3 formed nuclear foci upon treatment of U2OS cells with the alkylating agent
file:human/ASCC3/ASCC3-notes.md
ASCC3 is a large ATP-dependent SF2 helicase with two well-supported functional contexts.
|
|
GO:0180022
RQC-trigger complex
|
IEA
GO_REF:0000117 |
ACCEPT |
Summary: ASCC3 is a core subunit of the human RQC-trigger/hRQT complex.
Reason: The original ASC-1 complex paper supports ASCC3/p200 complex membership, and later RQC papers establish the ASCC3-ASCC2-TRIP4 hRQT complex as the ribosome quality-control trigger. The term is therefore biologically correct, even when the older original reference alone is not sufficient for the modern RQC label.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:32099016
The hRQT complex is composed of ASCC3, ASCC2, and TRIP4
PMID:36302773
the trimeric hRQT complex-mediated subunit dissociation
|
|
GO:0005515
protein binding
|
IPI
PMID:28514442 Architecture of the human interactome defines protein commun... |
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED |
Summary: The interaction evidence is real but generic protein binding is not an informative ASCC3 molecular-function annotation.
Reason: These rows reflect physical associations from targeted or large-scale interaction data. They are useful as support for ASCC/ALKBH3/hRQT complex biology when specific partners are considered, but the generic GO protein binding term should not be retained as a core MF for ASCC3.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ASCC3/ASCC3-notes.md
Treat generic binding annotations conservatively. `protein binding` rows are interaction evidence but not informative molecular-function curation.
|
|
GO:0005515
protein binding
|
IPI
PMID:29997253 RNA ligase-like domain in activating signal cointegrator 1 c... |
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED |
Summary: The interaction evidence is real but generic protein binding is not an informative ASCC3 molecular-function annotation.
Reason: These rows reflect physical associations from targeted or large-scale interaction data. They are useful as support for ASCC/ALKBH3/hRQT complex biology when specific partners are considered, but the generic GO protein binding term should not be retained as a core MF for ASCC3.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ASCC3/ASCC3-notes.md
Treat generic binding annotations conservatively. `protein binding` rows are interaction evidence but not informative molecular-function curation.
|
|
GO:0005515
protein binding
|
IPI
PMID:33961781 Dual proteome-scale networks reveal cell-specific remodeling... |
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED |
Summary: The interaction evidence is real but generic protein binding is not an informative ASCC3 molecular-function annotation.
Reason: These rows reflect physical associations from targeted or large-scale interaction data. They are useful as support for ASCC/ALKBH3/hRQT complex biology when specific partners are considered, but the generic GO protein binding term should not be retained as a core MF for ASCC3.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ASCC3/ASCC3-notes.md
Treat generic binding annotations conservatively. `protein binding` rows are interaction evidence but not informative molecular-function curation.
|
|
GO:0005515
protein binding
|
IPI
PMID:40205054 Multimodal cell maps as a foundation for structural and func... |
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED |
Summary: The interaction evidence is real but generic protein binding is not an informative ASCC3 molecular-function annotation.
Reason: These rows reflect physical associations from targeted or large-scale interaction data. They are useful as support for ASCC/ALKBH3/hRQT complex biology when specific partners are considered, but the generic GO protein binding term should not be retained as a core MF for ASCC3.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ASCC3/ASCC3-notes.md
Treat generic binding annotations conservatively. `protein binding` rows are interaction evidence but not informative molecular-function curation.
|
|
GO:0005829
cytosol
|
IDA
GO_REF:0000052 |
ACCEPT |
Summary: Cytosolic localization is supported by the ribosome-associated quality-control role.
Reason: ASCC3 acts on cytosolic collided ribosomes as part of hRQT. Cytosol annotations are appropriate for the RQC arm of ASCC3, while nuclear annotations remain appropriate for the DNA repair arm.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:32579943
ASCC acts on ubiquitinated collided ribosomes to selectively disassemble the lead ribosome
PMID:36302773
the trimeric hRQT complex-mediated subunit dissociation
file:human/ASCC3/ASCC3-notes.md
Conservative decision: retain the exact ribosome-rescue/RQC annotations and do not add a new ASCC3 annotation to `GO:0006515`.
|
|
GO:0072344
rescue of stalled cytosolic ribosome
|
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9948299 |
ACCEPT |
Summary: Rescue of stalled cytosolic ribosomes is the PN-relevant core process for ASCC3/hRQT.
Reason: ASCC3 acts in the hRQT/RQC-trigger complex to split ubiquitinated collided ribosomes, allowing downstream RQC. This exact GO term is the conservative PN projection target and is already present in GOA.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:32579943
ASCC acts on ubiquitinated collided ribosomes to selectively disassemble the lead ribosome
PMID:36302773
the trimeric hRQT complex-mediated subunit dissociation
file:human/ASCC3/ASCC3-notes.md
Conservative decision: retain the exact ribosome-rescue/RQC annotations and do not add a new ASCC3 annotation to `GO:0006515`.
Reactome:R-HSA-9948300
splits stalled 80S K63-polyubiquitinated ribosomes into 60S subunits and K63-polyubiquitinated 40S subunits
|
|
GO:0005634
nucleus
|
EXP
PMID:29144457 A ubiquitin-dependent signalling axis specific for ALKBH-med... |
ACCEPT |
Summary: Nuclear localization is well supported for the ASCC DNA alkylation repair role.
Reason: ASCC3 was originally purified from HeLa nuclei as an ASC-1 complex subunit and later shown to form alkylation-induced nuclear foci with ALKBH3/ASCC repair machinery. This is a core location for the DNA repair arm of ASCC3 biology.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:29144457
Endogenous ASCC3 formed nuclear foci upon treatment of U2OS cells with the alkylating agent
PMID:12077347
ASC-1 exists as a steady-state complex associated with three polypeptides, P200, P100, and P50, in HeLa nuclei
|
|
GO:0016607
nuclear speck
|
EXP
PMID:29144457 A ubiquitin-dependent signalling axis specific for ALKBH-med... |
ACCEPT |
Summary: Nuclear speckle/foci localization is supported in the alkylation damage response context.
Reason: ASCC3 and ASCC complex foci are linked to RNA polymerase II/splicing-associated nuclear regions after alkylation damage, and ASCC1 is described at nuclear speckle foci before damage. This is a supported subnuclear context for the repair complex rather than a separate enzymatic function.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:29144457
ASCC foci co-localized with elongating (Ser2 phosphorylated) RNA polymerase II
PMID:29997253
ASCC1 is present at nuclear speckle foci prior to damage
|
|
GO:0016607
nuclear speck
|
EXP
PMID:29997253 RNA ligase-like domain in activating signal cointegrator 1 c... |
ACCEPT |
Summary: Nuclear speckle/foci localization is supported in the alkylation damage response context.
Reason: ASCC3 and ASCC complex foci are linked to RNA polymerase II/splicing-associated nuclear regions after alkylation damage, and ASCC1 is described at nuclear speckle foci before damage. This is a supported subnuclear context for the repair complex rather than a separate enzymatic function.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:29144457
ASCC foci co-localized with elongating (Ser2 phosphorylated) RNA polymerase II
PMID:29997253
ASCC1 is present at nuclear speckle foci prior to damage
|
|
GO:0016887
ATP hydrolysis activity
|
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9948300 |
ACCEPT |
Summary: ATP hydrolysis activity is directly tied to ASCC3 helicase-dependent DNA repair and hRQT ribosome splitting.
Reason: ASCC3 is an ATP-dependent helicase; RQC studies show ASCC3 ATPase activity is required for hRQT-mediated ribosome rescue, and DNA repair studies show ATP-dependent helicase activity in ASCC3. This is an informative core MF annotation.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:32579943
This activity of ASCC3 is dependent on its ATP-dependent helicase activities
PMID:32099016
The ATPase activity of ASCC3 and the ubiquitin-binding activity of ASCC2 are crucial for triggering
|
|
GO:0005829
cytosol
|
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9948291 |
ACCEPT |
Summary: Cytosolic localization is supported by the ribosome-associated quality-control role.
Reason: ASCC3 acts on cytosolic collided ribosomes as part of hRQT. Cytosol annotations are appropriate for the RQC arm of ASCC3, while nuclear annotations remain appropriate for the DNA repair arm.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:32579943
ASCC acts on ubiquitinated collided ribosomes to selectively disassemble the lead ribosome
PMID:36302773
the trimeric hRQT complex-mediated subunit dissociation
file:human/ASCC3/ASCC3-notes.md
Conservative decision: retain the exact ribosome-rescue/RQC annotations and do not add a new ASCC3 annotation to `GO:0006515`.
|
|
GO:0005829
cytosol
|
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9948300 |
ACCEPT |
Summary: Cytosolic localization is supported by the ribosome-associated quality-control role.
Reason: ASCC3 acts on cytosolic collided ribosomes as part of hRQT. Cytosol annotations are appropriate for the RQC arm of ASCC3, while nuclear annotations remain appropriate for the DNA repair arm.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:32579943
ASCC acts on ubiquitinated collided ribosomes to selectively disassemble the lead ribosome
PMID:36302773
the trimeric hRQT complex-mediated subunit dissociation
file:human/ASCC3/ASCC3-notes.md
Conservative decision: retain the exact ribosome-rescue/RQC annotations and do not add a new ASCC3 annotation to `GO:0006515`.
|
|
GO:0005634
nucleus
|
IDA
PMID:29997253 RNA ligase-like domain in activating signal cointegrator 1 c... |
ACCEPT |
Summary: Nuclear localization is well supported for the ASCC DNA alkylation repair role.
Reason: ASCC3 was originally purified from HeLa nuclei as an ASC-1 complex subunit and later shown to form alkylation-induced nuclear foci with ALKBH3/ASCC repair machinery. This is a core location for the DNA repair arm of ASCC3 biology.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:29144457
Endogenous ASCC3 formed nuclear foci upon treatment of U2OS cells with the alkylating agent
PMID:12077347
ASC-1 exists as a steady-state complex associated with three polypeptides, P200, P100, and P50, in HeLa nuclei
|
|
GO:0006260
DNA replication
|
NAS
PMID:29997253 RNA ligase-like domain in activating signal cointegrator 1 c... |
REMOVE |
Summary: The cited ASCC damage-response evidence does not support a general DNA replication role for ASCC3.
Reason: ASCC3 participates in ALKBH3-mediated alkylation repair and forms repair foci in cell-cycle contexts, but the cited ASCC1/ASCC paper supports repair-complex regulation rather than DNA replication. This annotation appears to overinterpret ComplexPortal context.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:29997253
ASCC1 interacts with the ASCC complex through the ASCC3 helicase subunit
PMID:29144457
Endogenous ASCC3 formed nuclear foci upon treatment of U2OS cells with the alkylating agent
|
|
GO:0006307
DNA alkylation repair
|
NAS
PMID:29997253 RNA ligase-like domain in activating signal cointegrator 1 c... |
ACCEPT |
Summary: DNA alkylation repair is a directly supported core ASCC3 function.
Reason: ASCC3 unwinds alkylated duplex DNA and supports ALKBH3-dependent DNA dealkylation repair. Later studies show alkylation-specific nuclear recruitment of the ASCC repair complex.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:22055184
ASCC3 unwinds DNA to generate the single-stranded substrate needed for ALKBH3-mediated DNA repair
PMID:29144457
Endogenous ASCC3 formed nuclear foci upon treatment of U2OS cells with the alkylating agent
file:human/ASCC3/ASCC3-notes.md
ASCC3 is a large ATP-dependent SF2 helicase with two well-supported functional contexts.
|
|
GO:0032790
ribosome disassembly
|
NAS
PMID:32099016 Identification of a novel trigger complex that facilitates r... |
ACCEPT |
Summary: Ribosome disassembly is directly supported by hRQT/ASCC biochemical and cell-based studies.
Reason: ASCC3-containing ASCC/hRQT disassembles ubiquitinated collided ribosomes in an ATP-dependent reaction, which is the mechanistic core of ASCC3 in RQC.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:32579943
ASCC acts on ubiquitinated collided ribosomes to selectively disassemble the lead ribosome
PMID:36302773
hRQT-driven splitting of ribosomes collided on endogenous XBP1u and poly(A) staller mRNAs
|
|
GO:1990116
ribosome-associated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
|
NAS
PMID:32099016 Identification of a novel trigger complex that facilitates r... |
ACCEPT |
Summary: ASCC3 is upstream in ribosome-associated ubiquitin-dependent nascent-chain quality control.
Reason: ASCC3/hRQT splits stalled, ubiquitinated ribosomes and thereby produces the subunit/nascent-chain intermediates that enter RQC-associated ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation. The term is broader than the immediate splitting event but is supported as the pathway context.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:32099016
Ribosome stalling triggers the ribosome-associated quality control (RQC) pathway
PMID:32579943
60S-peptidyl-tRNAs are substrates for RQC factors that trigger nascent polypeptide ubiquitination and degradation
|
|
GO:1990391
DNA repair complex
|
IPI
PMID:29997253 RNA ligase-like domain in activating signal cointegrator 1 c... |
ACCEPT |
Summary: ASCC3 is a subunit of the ASCC DNA alkylation repair complex.
Reason: The ASCC1/ASCC2/ASCC3 complex is repeatedly supported in the alkylation repair literature and is recruited with ALKBH3 to alkylation-induced nuclear foci.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:29997253
ASCC1 interacts with the ASCC complex through the ASCC3 helicase subunit
PMID:29144457
Endogenous ASCC3 formed nuclear foci upon treatment of U2OS cells with the alkylating agent
|
|
GO:0016887
ATP hydrolysis activity
|
IDA
PMID:32579943 The ASC-1 Complex Disassembles Collided Ribosomes. |
ACCEPT |
Summary: ATP hydrolysis activity is directly tied to ASCC3 helicase-dependent DNA repair and hRQT ribosome splitting.
Reason: ASCC3 is an ATP-dependent helicase; RQC studies show ASCC3 ATPase activity is required for hRQT-mediated ribosome rescue, and DNA repair studies show ATP-dependent helicase activity in ASCC3. This is an informative core MF annotation.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:32579943
This activity of ASCC3 is dependent on its ATP-dependent helicase activities
PMID:32099016
The ATPase activity of ASCC3 and the ubiquitin-binding activity of ASCC2 are crucial for triggering
|
|
GO:0016887
ATP hydrolysis activity
|
IDA
PMID:36302773 A distinct mammalian disome collision interface harbors K63-... |
ACCEPT |
Summary: ATP hydrolysis activity is directly tied to ASCC3 helicase-dependent DNA repair and hRQT ribosome splitting.
Reason: ASCC3 is an ATP-dependent helicase; RQC studies show ASCC3 ATPase activity is required for hRQT-mediated ribosome rescue, and DNA repair studies show ATP-dependent helicase activity in ASCC3. This is an informative core MF annotation.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:32579943
This activity of ASCC3 is dependent on its ATP-dependent helicase activities
PMID:32099016
The ATPase activity of ASCC3 and the ubiquitin-binding activity of ASCC2 are crucial for triggering
|
|
GO:0022626
cytosolic ribosome
|
IDA
PMID:36302773 A distinct mammalian disome collision interface harbors K63-... |
ACCEPT |
Summary: ASCC3 is active on cytosolic ribosomes during hRQT-mediated RQC initiation.
Reason: The RQC studies directly place ASCC3/hRQT on collided cytosolic ribosomes and show that ASCC3 ATPase activity drives subunit dissociation.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:32579943
ASCC acts on ubiquitinated collided ribosomes to selectively disassemble the lead ribosome
PMID:36302773
the trimeric hRQT complex-mediated subunit dissociation
file:human/ASCC3/ASCC3-notes.md
Conservative decision: retain the exact ribosome-rescue/RQC annotations and do not add a new ASCC3 annotation to `GO:0006515`.
|
|
GO:0032790
ribosome disassembly
|
IDA
PMID:32579943 The ASC-1 Complex Disassembles Collided Ribosomes. |
ACCEPT |
Summary: Ribosome disassembly is directly supported by hRQT/ASCC biochemical and cell-based studies.
Reason: ASCC3-containing ASCC/hRQT disassembles ubiquitinated collided ribosomes in an ATP-dependent reaction, which is the mechanistic core of ASCC3 in RQC.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:32579943
ASCC acts on ubiquitinated collided ribosomes to selectively disassemble the lead ribosome
PMID:36302773
hRQT-driven splitting of ribosomes collided on endogenous XBP1u and poly(A) staller mRNAs
|
|
GO:0032790
ribosome disassembly
|
IDA
PMID:36302773 A distinct mammalian disome collision interface harbors K63-... |
ACCEPT |
Summary: Ribosome disassembly is directly supported by hRQT/ASCC biochemical and cell-based studies.
Reason: ASCC3-containing ASCC/hRQT disassembles ubiquitinated collided ribosomes in an ATP-dependent reaction, which is the mechanistic core of ASCC3 in RQC.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:32579943
ASCC acts on ubiquitinated collided ribosomes to selectively disassemble the lead ribosome
PMID:36302773
hRQT-driven splitting of ribosomes collided on endogenous XBP1u and poly(A) staller mRNAs
|
|
GO:0072344
rescue of stalled cytosolic ribosome
|
IDA
PMID:32579943 The ASC-1 Complex Disassembles Collided Ribosomes. |
ACCEPT |
Summary: Rescue of stalled cytosolic ribosomes is the PN-relevant core process for ASCC3/hRQT.
Reason: ASCC3 acts in the hRQT/RQC-trigger complex to split ubiquitinated collided ribosomes, allowing downstream RQC. This exact GO term is the conservative PN projection target and is already present in GOA.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:32579943
ASCC acts on ubiquitinated collided ribosomes to selectively disassemble the lead ribosome
PMID:36302773
the trimeric hRQT complex-mediated subunit dissociation
file:human/ASCC3/ASCC3-notes.md
Conservative decision: retain the exact ribosome-rescue/RQC annotations and do not add a new ASCC3 annotation to `GO:0006515`.
Reactome:R-HSA-9948300
splits stalled 80S K63-polyubiquitinated ribosomes into 60S subunits and K63-polyubiquitinated 40S subunits
|
|
GO:0072344
rescue of stalled cytosolic ribosome
|
IDA
PMID:36302773 A distinct mammalian disome collision interface harbors K63-... |
ACCEPT |
Summary: Rescue of stalled cytosolic ribosomes is the PN-relevant core process for ASCC3/hRQT.
Reason: ASCC3 acts in the hRQT/RQC-trigger complex to split ubiquitinated collided ribosomes, allowing downstream RQC. This exact GO term is the conservative PN projection target and is already present in GOA.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:32579943
ASCC acts on ubiquitinated collided ribosomes to selectively disassemble the lead ribosome
PMID:36302773
the trimeric hRQT complex-mediated subunit dissociation
file:human/ASCC3/ASCC3-notes.md
Conservative decision: retain the exact ribosome-rescue/RQC annotations and do not add a new ASCC3 annotation to `GO:0006515`.
Reactome:R-HSA-9948300
splits stalled 80S K63-polyubiquitinated ribosomes into 60S subunits and K63-polyubiquitinated 40S subunits
|
|
GO:0072344
rescue of stalled cytosolic ribosome
|
IMP
PMID:32099016 Identification of a novel trigger complex that facilitates r... |
ACCEPT |
Summary: Rescue of stalled cytosolic ribosomes is the PN-relevant core process for ASCC3/hRQT.
Reason: ASCC3 acts in the hRQT/RQC-trigger complex to split ubiquitinated collided ribosomes, allowing downstream RQC. This exact GO term is the conservative PN projection target and is already present in GOA.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:32579943
ASCC acts on ubiquitinated collided ribosomes to selectively disassemble the lead ribosome
PMID:36302773
the trimeric hRQT complex-mediated subunit dissociation
file:human/ASCC3/ASCC3-notes.md
Conservative decision: retain the exact ribosome-rescue/RQC annotations and do not add a new ASCC3 annotation to `GO:0006515`.
Reactome:R-HSA-9948300
splits stalled 80S K63-polyubiquitinated ribosomes into 60S subunits and K63-polyubiquitinated 40S subunits
|
|
GO:1990116
ribosome-associated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
|
IMP
PMID:32099016 Identification of a novel trigger complex that facilitates r... |
ACCEPT |
Summary: ASCC3 is upstream in ribosome-associated ubiquitin-dependent nascent-chain quality control.
Reason: ASCC3/hRQT splits stalled, ubiquitinated ribosomes and thereby produces the subunit/nascent-chain intermediates that enter RQC-associated ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation. The term is broader than the immediate splitting event but is supported as the pathway context.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:32099016
Ribosome stalling triggers the ribosome-associated quality control (RQC) pathway
PMID:32579943
60S-peptidyl-tRNAs are substrates for RQC factors that trigger nascent polypeptide ubiquitination and degradation
|
|
GO:0005829
cytosol
|
IDA
PMID:28757607 Ubiquitination of stalled ribosome triggers ribosome-associa... |
ACCEPT |
Summary: Cytosolic localization is supported by the ribosome-associated quality-control role.
Reason: ASCC3 acts on cytosolic collided ribosomes as part of hRQT. Cytosol annotations are appropriate for the RQC arm of ASCC3, while nuclear annotations remain appropriate for the DNA repair arm.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:32579943
ASCC acts on ubiquitinated collided ribosomes to selectively disassemble the lead ribosome
PMID:36302773
the trimeric hRQT complex-mediated subunit dissociation
file:human/ASCC3/ASCC3-notes.md
Conservative decision: retain the exact ribosome-rescue/RQC annotations and do not add a new ASCC3 annotation to `GO:0006515`.
|
|
GO:0180022
RQC-trigger complex
|
IDA
PMID:12077347 Novel transcription coactivator complex containing activatin... |
ACCEPT |
Summary: ASCC3 is a core subunit of the human RQC-trigger/hRQT complex.
Reason: The original ASC-1 complex paper supports ASCC3/p200 complex membership, and later RQC papers establish the ASCC3-ASCC2-TRIP4 hRQT complex as the ribosome quality-control trigger. The term is therefore biologically correct, even when the older original reference alone is not sufficient for the modern RQC label.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:32099016
The hRQT complex is composed of ASCC3, ASCC2, and TRIP4
PMID:36302773
the trimeric hRQT complex-mediated subunit dissociation
|
|
GO:0005634
nucleus
|
IDA
PMID:12077347 Novel transcription coactivator complex containing activatin... |
ACCEPT |
Summary: Nuclear localization is well supported for the ASCC DNA alkylation repair role.
Reason: ASCC3 was originally purified from HeLa nuclei as an ASC-1 complex subunit and later shown to form alkylation-induced nuclear foci with ALKBH3/ASCC repair machinery. This is a core location for the DNA repair arm of ASCC3 biology.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:29144457
Endogenous ASCC3 formed nuclear foci upon treatment of U2OS cells with the alkylating agent
PMID:12077347
ASC-1 exists as a steady-state complex associated with three polypeptides, P200, P100, and P50, in HeLa nuclei
|
|
GO:0005654
nucleoplasm
|
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-112123 |
ACCEPT |
Summary: Nucleoplasm annotations from Reactome ALKBH3 repair events are consistent with ASCC3 nuclear DNA repair function.
Reason: Reactome ALKBH3 dealkylation events correctly place the ASCC1:ASCC2:ASCC3 repair complex in the nucleoplasm during alkylated DNA repair. This is compatible with direct nuclear foci evidence.
Supporting Evidence:
Reactome:R-HSA-112123
The reversal of alkylating damage of dsDNA by ALKBH3 requires the presence of DNA helicase ASCC3
PMID:29144457
Endogenous ASCC3 formed nuclear foci upon treatment of U2OS cells with the alkylating agent
|
|
GO:0005654
nucleoplasm
|
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-112124 |
ACCEPT |
Summary: Nucleoplasm annotations from Reactome ALKBH3 repair events are consistent with ASCC3 nuclear DNA repair function.
Reason: Reactome ALKBH3 dealkylation events correctly place the ASCC1:ASCC2:ASCC3 repair complex in the nucleoplasm during alkylated DNA repair. This is compatible with direct nuclear foci evidence.
Supporting Evidence:
Reactome:R-HSA-112123
The reversal of alkylating damage of dsDNA by ALKBH3 requires the presence of DNA helicase ASCC3
PMID:29144457
Endogenous ASCC3 formed nuclear foci upon treatment of U2OS cells with the alkylating agent
|
|
GO:0005654
nucleoplasm
|
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-112125 |
ACCEPT |
Summary: Nucleoplasm annotations from Reactome ALKBH3 repair events are consistent with ASCC3 nuclear DNA repair function.
Reason: Reactome ALKBH3 dealkylation events correctly place the ASCC1:ASCC2:ASCC3 repair complex in the nucleoplasm during alkylated DNA repair. This is compatible with direct nuclear foci evidence.
Supporting Evidence:
Reactome:R-HSA-112123
The reversal of alkylating damage of dsDNA by ALKBH3 requires the presence of DNA helicase ASCC3
PMID:29144457
Endogenous ASCC3 formed nuclear foci upon treatment of U2OS cells with the alkylating agent
|
|
GO:0005654
nucleoplasm
|
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-5657617 |
ACCEPT |
Summary: Nucleoplasm annotations from Reactome ALKBH3 repair events are consistent with ASCC3 nuclear DNA repair function.
Reason: Reactome ALKBH3 dealkylation events correctly place the ASCC1:ASCC2:ASCC3 repair complex in the nucleoplasm during alkylated DNA repair. This is compatible with direct nuclear foci evidence.
Supporting Evidence:
Reactome:R-HSA-112123
The reversal of alkylating damage of dsDNA by ALKBH3 requires the presence of DNA helicase ASCC3
PMID:29144457
Endogenous ASCC3 formed nuclear foci upon treatment of U2OS cells with the alkylating agent
|
|
GO:0005654
nucleoplasm
|
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-5657637 |
ACCEPT |
Summary: Nucleoplasm annotations from Reactome ALKBH3 repair events are consistent with ASCC3 nuclear DNA repair function.
Reason: Reactome ALKBH3 dealkylation events correctly place the ASCC1:ASCC2:ASCC3 repair complex in the nucleoplasm during alkylated DNA repair. This is compatible with direct nuclear foci evidence.
Supporting Evidence:
Reactome:R-HSA-112123
The reversal of alkylating damage of dsDNA by ALKBH3 requires the presence of DNA helicase ASCC3
PMID:29144457
Endogenous ASCC3 formed nuclear foci upon treatment of U2OS cells with the alkylating agent
|
|
GO:0005654
nucleoplasm
|
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-5657642 |
ACCEPT |
Summary: Nucleoplasm annotations from Reactome ALKBH3 repair events are consistent with ASCC3 nuclear DNA repair function.
Reason: Reactome ALKBH3 dealkylation events correctly place the ASCC1:ASCC2:ASCC3 repair complex in the nucleoplasm during alkylated DNA repair. This is compatible with direct nuclear foci evidence.
Supporting Evidence:
Reactome:R-HSA-112123
The reversal of alkylating damage of dsDNA by ALKBH3 requires the presence of DNA helicase ASCC3
PMID:29144457
Endogenous ASCC3 formed nuclear foci upon treatment of U2OS cells with the alkylating agent
|
|
GO:0016020
membrane
|
HDA
PMID:19946888 Defining the membrane proteome of NK cells. |
REMOVE |
Summary: The high-throughput membrane localization is not consistent with the curated ASCC3 functional picture.
Reason: ASCC3 is a soluble nuclear/cytosolic helicase in ASCC and hRQT complexes and lacks a compelling membrane-associated core role. The membrane-proteome HDA row is likely a peripheral or proteomics-carryover signal and should not be retained.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ASCC3/ASCC3-notes.md
Remove the high-throughput `membrane` localization: ASCC3 is a soluble nuclear/cytosolic protein with no transmembrane-domain basis
|
|
GO:0003723
RNA binding
|
HDA
PMID:22681889 The mRNA-bound proteome and its global occupancy profile on ... |
KEEP AS NON CORE |
Summary: RNA binding is plausible for ASCC3 but is less specific than its characterized helicase/RQT roles.
Reason: ASCC3 contacts nucleic acids in both the DNA repair and ribosome-rescue settings, and purified ASCC3 can bind ssRNA in vitro, but RNA binding alone does not capture the core ATP-dependent activities. Keep the annotation as contextual rather than using it as the main MF.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:29144457
Purified ASCC3 bound to ssRNA in vitro
|
|
GO:0005515
protein binding
|
IPI
PMID:22055184 DNA unwinding by ASCC3 helicase is coupled to ALKBH3-depende... |
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED |
Summary: The interaction evidence is real but generic protein binding is not an informative ASCC3 molecular-function annotation.
Reason: These rows reflect physical associations from targeted or large-scale interaction data. They are useful as support for ASCC/ALKBH3/hRQT complex biology when specific partners are considered, but the generic GO protein binding term should not be retained as a core MF for ASCC3.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ASCC3/ASCC3-notes.md
Treat generic binding annotations conservatively. `protein binding` rows are interaction evidence but not informative molecular-function curation.
|
|
GO:0005634
nucleus
|
TAS
PMID:22055184 DNA unwinding by ASCC3 helicase is coupled to ALKBH3-depende... |
ACCEPT |
Summary: Nuclear localization is well supported for the ASCC DNA alkylation repair role.
Reason: ASCC3 was originally purified from HeLa nuclei as an ASC-1 complex subunit and later shown to form alkylation-induced nuclear foci with ALKBH3/ASCC repair machinery. This is a core location for the DNA repair arm of ASCC3 biology.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:29144457
Endogenous ASCC3 formed nuclear foci upon treatment of U2OS cells with the alkylating agent
PMID:12077347
ASC-1 exists as a steady-state complex associated with three polypeptides, P200, P100, and P50, in HeLa nuclei
|
|
GO:0006307
DNA alkylation repair
|
IDA
PMID:22055184 DNA unwinding by ASCC3 helicase is coupled to ALKBH3-depende... |
ACCEPT |
Summary: DNA alkylation repair is a directly supported core ASCC3 function.
Reason: ASCC3 unwinds alkylated duplex DNA and supports ALKBH3-dependent DNA dealkylation repair. Later studies show alkylation-specific nuclear recruitment of the ASCC repair complex.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:22055184
ASCC3 unwinds DNA to generate the single-stranded substrate needed for ALKBH3-mediated DNA repair
PMID:29144457
Endogenous ASCC3 formed nuclear foci upon treatment of U2OS cells with the alkylating agent
file:human/ASCC3/ASCC3-notes.md
ASCC3 is a large ATP-dependent SF2 helicase with two well-supported functional contexts.
|
|
GO:0043138
3'-5' DNA helicase activity
|
IDA
PMID:22055184 DNA unwinding by ASCC3 helicase is coupled to ALKBH3-depende... |
ACCEPT |
Summary: ASCC3 3'-5' DNA helicase activity is directly supported and central to ALKBH3-coupled dealkylation repair.
Reason: The ALKBH3-ASCC paper demonstrates that ASCC3 unwinds duplex DNA to produce the single-stranded substrate preferred by ALKBH3. This is the most specific molecular-function term for the nuclear DNA repair activity.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:22055184
ASCC3 unwinds DNA to generate the single-stranded substrate needed for ALKBH3-mediated DNA repair
PMID:29144457
Endogenous ASCC3 formed nuclear foci upon treatment of U2OS cells with the alkylating agent
file:human/ASCC3/ASCC3-notes.md
ASCC3 is a large ATP-dependent SF2 helicase with two well-supported functional contexts.
|
Q: Should PN ribosome-associated QC mappings continue to project the broad GO:0006515 term to genes like ASCC3 when more specific ribosome-rescue and RQC catabolic-process terms are already present?
Q: Which endogenous mammalian stall substrates, beyond XBP1u and poly(A)-based reporters, depend most strongly on ASCC3/hRQT for ribosome rescue?
Q: Can ASCC3 disease-associated variants be separated into nuclear DNA-repair defects, cytosolic RQC defects, or combined helicase-loss mechanisms?
Q: Does the ASCC3/ASC-1 complex role in promoting translation initiation by scanning ribosomes at 5'-UTRs (Kito et al. 2023) warrant a distinct molecular-function or biological-process annotation separate from its collided-ribosome rescue activity?
Q: Are the neurodevelopmental/neuromuscular phenotypes of biallelic ASCC3 loss-of-function variants driven primarily by impaired ribosome-associated quality control, impaired DNA alkylation repair, impaired translation initiation, or a combination?
Q: Is the reported STAT3/CAND1-stabilizing, interferon-dampening activity of ASCC3 in NSCLC a direct helicase-dependent function or an indirect consequence of altered proteostasis or translation, and should it be curated as a molecular function?
Experiment: Use acute ASCC3 depletion or degron tagging with wild-type and ATPase-dead rescue constructs, then quantify endogenous collided-ribosome clearance by disome profiling and nascent-chain ubiquitination/degradation assays.
Hypothesis: ASCC3 ATPase activity is required for clearance of endogenous mammalian collided ribosomes, not only engineered stalling reporters.
Type: cell biology and ribosome profiling
Experiment: Engineer complex-selective ASCC3 separation-of-function variants or localization-restricted rescue constructs to compare MMS-induced ALKBH3 repair foci with hRQT-mediated poly(A)/XBP1u ribosome rescue.
Hypothesis: The nuclear dealkylation repair and cytosolic hRQT roles can be genetically decoupled.
Type: separation-of-function rescue
Experiment: Test ASCC3 patient variants in parallel assays for ALKBH3-dependent alkylation damage resistance and hRQT-dependent stalled-ribosome splitting.
Hypothesis: Some ASCC3 variants impair one functional context more strongly than the other.
Type: variant functional assay
The research report should be a detailed narrative explaining the function, biological processes, and localization of the gene product. Citations should be given for all claims.
You should prioritize authoritative reviews and primary scientific literature when conducting research. You can supplement
this with annotations you find in gene/protein databases, but these can be outdated or inaccurate.
We are specifically interested in the primary function of the gene - for enzymes, what reaction is catalyzed, and what is the substrate specificity? For transporters, what is the substrate? For structural proteins or adapters, what is the broader structural role? For signaling molecules, what is the role in the pathway.
We are interested in where in or outside the cell the gene product carries out its function.
We are also interested in the signaling or biochemical pathways in which the gene functions. We are less interested in broad pleiotropic effects, except where these elucidate the precise role.
Include evidence where possible. We are interested in both experimental evidence as well as inference from structure, evolution, or bioinformatic analysis. Precise studies should be prioritized over high-throughput, where available.
The literature retrieved here consistently uses ASCC3 to denote the human “Activating signal co-integrator 1 complex subunit 3”, a Ski2-like helicase/ATPase subunit within the ASC-1/ASCC complex, matching the provided UniProt entry (Q8N3C0) and distinguishing it from unrelated similarly named factors. ASCC is described as containing ASCC1, ASCC2, ASCC3 and TRIP4/ASC1, with ASCC3 as the largest helicase subunit. (jia2020theinteractionof pages 1-2, kito2023theasc‐1complex pages 1-2)
ASCC3 functions in a multi-protein assembly often called the ASC-1 complex or ASCC. In translation quality control contexts, ASCC is the mammalian counterpart of the yeast RQT (ribosome quality control trigger) complex and is recruited to ubiquitinated stalled ribosomes to catalyze splitting/disassembly. (juszkiewicz2020theasc1complex pages 1-3, miscicka2024ribosomalcollisionis pages 1-2)
In genome maintenance contexts, ASCC3 participates in an ALKBH3–ASCC dealkylation pathway, where ASCC3 helicase activity provides single-stranded nucleic-acid substrate for the dealkylase ALKBH3 and other ASCC components regulate recruitment/assembly. (jia2020theinteractionof pages 1-2, soll2018rnaligaselikedomain pages 1-2)
A central unifying concept from recent structural work is that ASCC3 forms process-specific submodules by partnering with different factors; in particular, TRIP4 can stimulate ASCC3 helicase activity and can direct ASCC3 toward distinct cellular processes compared with ALKBH3-associated repair. (jia2023extendeddnathreading pages 1-2, jia2023extendeddnathreading pages 8-9)
ASCC3 is a nucleic-acid-dependent NTPase/helicase with two consecutive Ski2-like helicase cassettes (often referred to as N-terminal cassette and C-terminal cassette). This dual-cassette architecture is central to its motor function in both DNA and RNA-associated processes. (jia2023extendeddnathreading pages 1-2, jia2023extendeddnathreading pages 8-9)
ASCC3 is a DNA translocase/helicase with 3′→5′ directionality (as described in mechanistic studies of the ASCC3 system) and contains tandem Ski2-like NTPase/helicase cassettes. (jia2023extendeddnathreading pages 1-2)
Recent mechanistic analysis indicates that both helicase cassettes are catalytically active ATPases/helicases: inactivation of either cassette produces partial loss of overall helicase activity, supporting a “dual-engine” model rather than a single active cassette. (jia2023extendeddnathreading pages 8-9, jia2023extendeddnathreading pages 5-6)
A major 2023 development was the cryo-EM and crosslinking/mass-spectrometry-based mechanism showing ASCC3 can thread a DNA strand through both helicase cassettes (an “extended threading” model). TRIP4 docks via a Zn-finger and positions an ASCH domain adjacent to the C-terminal helicase cassette, likely aiding substrate engagement and DNA exit. (jia2023extendeddnathreading pages 1-2, jia2023extendeddnathreading pages 8-9, jia2023extendeddnathreading pages 7-8)
Notably, TRIP4 enhances substrate engagement and helicase output without necessarily increasing ATPase rate, consistent with a coupling/engagement model rather than simple acceleration of hydrolysis. (jia2023extendeddnathreading pages 5-6, jia2023extendeddnathreading pages 6-6)
Although ASCC3’s genome maintenance roles emphasize DNA, ASCC3 also has RNA unwinding activity in vitro (relevant to ribosome quality control), and TRIP4 can modulate RNA unwinding kinetics, albeit with lower activity than on DNA in reported assays. (jia2023extendeddnathreading pages 8-9, jia2023extendeddnathreading pages 6-6)
A key mechanistic regulatory principle is that TRIP4 and ALKBH3 bind ASCC3 mutually exclusively, providing a concrete mechanism for routing ASCC3 toward distinct processes (e.g., TRIP4-linked transcription/RQC functions versus ALKBH3-linked alkylation repair). (jia2023extendeddnathreading pages 1-2, jia2023extendeddnathreading pages 7-8, jia2023extendeddnathreading pages 2-3)
In the alkylation damage response, ASCC3 is a core ASCC subunit functioning as a DNA helicase required for ALKBH3-dependent dealkylation, with ASCC3 proposed to generate single-stranded substrate needed for repair. (jia2020theinteractionof pages 1-2, soll2018rnaligaselikedomain pages 1-2)
Localization and recruitment: upon alkylation damage, ASCC2 and ASCC3 form nuclear foci; ASCC2 recognizes non-proteasomal K63-linked ubiquitin signals generated by the E3 ligase RNF113A and recruits ASCC3 and ALKBH3. (soll2018rnaligaselikedomain pages 1-2, brickner2019activationandregulation pages 139-144)
Complex architecture in this pathway: ASCC3 can function as a scaffold bridging ASCC1 and ASCC2 (loss of ASCC3 disrupts ASCC1–ASCC2 association), supporting its central organizational role beyond its motor activity. (soll2018rnaligaselikedomain pages 1-2)
Foundational biochemical reconstitution in mammalian systems established that the ASC-1/ASCC complex containing ASCC3 disassembles the leading ribosome in collided queues in an ATP-dependent manner, producing 60S–nascent chain substrates for downstream RQC. (juszkiewicz2020theasc1complex pages 1-3)
Upstream signal: ASCC-mediated splitting depends on ZNF598-mediated ubiquitination of 40S ribosomal proteins at the mRNA entrance (e.g., uS10/eS10 in mammals), which triggers recruitment/activation of the splitting machinery. (miscicka2024ribosomalcollisionis pages 1-2, juszkiewicz2020theasc1complex pages 1-3)
Recent mechanistic constraints (2024 advance): in vitro reconstitution showed ASCC can dissociate multiple ribosomal states (polysomes, monosomes, even 48S initiation complexes) provided an overhanging mRNA region is available; a key quantitative requirement reported was ≥30–35 nt of 3′ mRNA downstream of the P site for efficient ASCC function. (miscicka2024ribosomalcollisionis pages 14-15)
Beyond collision rescue, ASCC also associates with scanning ribosomes. Selective translation complex profiling approaches found ASCC3 localizes predominantly to 5′ UTRs; ASCC3 knockdown impaired 43S preinitiation complex loading and scanning dynamics, reducing translation efficiency for a subset of transcripts. (kito2023theasc‐1complex pages 1-2, kito2023theasc‐1complex pages 10-11)
A mechanistic interpretation proposed in this work is that ASCC3’s tandem cassette architecture (informed by RQT/ASCC models) could engage structured 5′ UTRs and modulate scanning or PIC loading for selected mRNAs. (kito2023theasc‐1complex pages 10-11)
ASCC3 participates in damage-induced nuclear foci during alkylation stress, with ASCC2-dependent recruitment via K63-linked ubiquitin signaling and RNF113A/UBC13 machinery. (soll2018rnaligaselikedomain pages 1-2, brickner2019activationandregulation pages 139-144)
ASCC3 is detected on eIF4A1-bound scanning ribosomes and enriched in 5′ UTR regions in profiling experiments, consistent with direct translation-initiation-related localization. (kito2023theasc‐1complex pages 1-2)
A 2024 clinical report describes neuromuscular syndrome/developmental delay associated with biallelic ASCC3 variants (MIM: 620700), analyzing 3 families and reviewing additional previously reported variants. Reported phenotypes include global developmental delay with intellectual disability, motor impairment, language retardation, reduced muscle tone/strength, and neonatal feeding difficulties/dysphagia in one proband. (li2024casereportsecond pages 1-2)
A 2023 study in Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer reports ASCC3 is upregulated in NSCLC, including metastatic foci, and is associated with worse clinicopathological features and prognosis. Mechanistically, ASCC3 stabilized STAT3 by recruiting CAND1 and inhibiting STAT3 ubiquitination, impairing tumor cell type I interferon responses and fostering an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. (ao2023ascc3promotesthe pages 4-5, ao2023ascc3promotesthe pages 10-11)
Quantitative/statistical highlights reported in the retrieved text:
- Tumor immune infiltration analysis split tumors at median ASCC3 expression cutoff 2.62 (TCGA analysis), with significant differences in immune populations between ASCC3-high and ASCC3-low tumors. (ao2023ascc3promotesthe pages 7-8)
- RNA-seq after ASCC3 knockdown identified 480 differentially affected genes (as summarized in the paper’s results text). (ao2023ascc3promotesthe pages 4-5)
- Functional assays report strong significance in places (e.g., ***p<0.001) for IFN-response phenotypes. (ao2023ascc3promotesthe pages 10-11)
The NSCLC study explicitly positions ASCC3 as a prognostic indicator and suggests that ASCC3 inhibition could enhance anti–PD-1 efficacy. In a cohort of 17 NSCLC patients, higher ASCC3 expression was associated with progressive disease compared with SD/PR categories; preclinical models showed improved outcomes with ASCC3 knockdown combined with PD-1 blockade. (ao2023ascc3promotesthe pages 14-14, ao2023ascc3promotesthe pages 14-15)
The 2023–2024 mechanistic assays (Sel-TCP-seq/TCP-seq for scanning ribosomes; in vitro ribosome splitting reconstitutions with defined ubiquitin/mRNA requirements) provide concrete experimental platforms for interrogating ASCC3 function and could be leveraged in drug discovery or functional genomics to modulate proteostasis under stress. (kito2023theasc‐1complex pages 10-11, miscicka2024ribosomalcollisionis pages 14-15)
ASCC3 is increasingly best understood as a tunable dual-cassette helicase motor whose biological outputs depend on partner selection and substrate context. Structural and biochemical data support a model in which ASCC3’s two Ski2-like cassettes can cooperate for extended substrate threading and force generation, with TRIP4 acting as an activity and substrate-engagement modulator, while ALKBH3-linked assemblies emphasize single-stranded substrate generation for dealkylation. (jia2023extendeddnathreading pages 8-9, soll2018rnaligaselikedomain pages 1-2)
A notable emerging theme is that ASCC3 sits at a crossroads between genome maintenance and translation surveillance/control, because the same core motor architecture can act on DNA (damage-associated contexts) or RNA/mRNP substrates (ribosome rescue and scanning control). (jia2023extendeddnathreading pages 8-9, kito2023theasc‐1complex pages 1-2)
Key cryo-EM figure regions and models illustrating ASCC3–TRIP4 architecture and DNA threading through the tandem helicase cassettes were retrieved from Jia et al. 2023. (jia2023extendeddnathreading media 4a9084d4, jia2023extendeddnathreading media 706dfc78)
| Year | Reference (first author, journal) | Main ASCC3 function/claim | Evidence type | Key quantitative/detail | URL/DOI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Miścicka, Nucleic Acids Research | ASCC disassembles stalled ribosomal complexes; ribosomal collision is not strictly required once ZNF598-dependent ubiquitination is in place, refining the ASCC3-mediated RQC model (miscicka2024ribosomalcollisionis pages 14-15, miscicka2024ribosomalcollisionis pages 8-9, miscicka2024ribosomalcollisionis pages 1-2) | In vitro reconstitution, ribosome splitting assays, toe-printing, ubiquitination biochemistry, mechanistic interpretation from cryo-EM-informed model | ASCC activity required an mRNA 3′ overhang of ≥30–35 nt downstream of the P site; K63R ubiquitin still allowed ~50% release of leading ribosomes in one assay context (miscicka2024ribosomalcollisionis pages 14-15, miscicka2024ribosomalcollisionis pages 8-9) | https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkae087 |
| 2024 | Li, Frontiers in Genetics | Biallelic human ASCC3 variants cause neurodevelopmental/neuromuscular syndrome with developmental delay and motor-language impairment, expanding the Mendelian disease spectrum (li2024casereportsecond pages 1-2) | Clinical case report, trio-WES, trio-CNV-seq, literature review | 3 new families; review of 11 previously reported variants; reported compound heterozygous variants included c.[489dup];[1897C>T], c.[2314C>T];[5002T>A], c.[5113G>T];[718delG] (li2024casereportsecond pages 1-2) | https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2024.1382275 |
| 2023 | Jia, Nature Communications | ASCC3 is a dual-engine Ski2-like helicase; TRIP4 stimulates helicase activity and helps route ASCC3 toward specific functions, with TRIP4 and ALKBH3 binding mutually exclusive (jia2023extendeddnathreading pages 1-2) | Cryo-EM, DNA–protein XL-MS, in vitro and cellular functional assays | Defined tandem N- and C-terminal Ski2-like helicase cassettes; showed TRIP4 positions an ASCH domain next to the C-terminal cassette and stimulates DNA threading/unwinding (jia2023extendeddnathreading pages 1-2) | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-37528-3 |
| 2023 | Kito, The EMBO Journal | ASCC3 associates with scanning ribosomes and promotes translation initiation/scanning on a subset of mRNAs, extending its role beyond collided-ribosome splitting (kito2023theasc‐1complex pages 10-11, kito2023theasc‐1complex pages 1-2) | Sel-TCP-MS, Sel-TCP-seq, TCP-seq, Ribo-seq, luciferase reporters | ASCC3 localized predominantly to 5′ UTRs; knockdown impaired 43S preinitiation complex loading and scanning dynamics for selected transcripts (kito2023theasc‐1complex pages 10-11, kito2023theasc‐1complex pages 1-2) | https://doi.org/10.15252/embj.2022112869 |
| 2023 | Ao, Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer | In NSCLC, ASCC3 promotes tumor progression and immunosuppression by stabilizing STAT3 via CAND1 and dampening type I interferon responses; supports biomarker/combination-therapy relevance (ao2023ascc3promotesthe pages 10-11, ao2023ascc3promotesthe pages 1-1, ao2023ascc3promotesthe pages 4-5, ao2023ascc3promotesthe pages 5-7, ao2023ascc3promotesthe pages 3-4) | TCGA/GEO analyses, IHC, RNA-seq, Co-IP/MS, mouse models, flow cytometry | RNA-seq after ASCC3 knockdown identified 480 affected genes; TCGA immune analysis used ASCC3-high vs ASCC3-low split at median 2.62; experiments reported significance up to p<0.0001 (ao2023ascc3promotesthe pages 7-8, ao2023ascc3promotesthe pages 4-5, ao2023ascc3promotesthe pages 5-7) | https://doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2023-007766 |
| 2020 | Juszkiewicz, Molecular Cell | ASCC containing ASCC3 disassembles the leading ribosome in collided queues in an ATP-dependent manner, establishing ASCC3 as a mammalian RQC helicase (juszkiewicz2020theasc1complex pages 1-3) | Biochemical reconstitution in mammalian cell-free system | Showed ASCC-dependent splitting generates 60S–nascent chain complexes for downstream RQC and requires ZNF598-dependent 40S ubiquitination (juszkiewicz2020theasc1complex pages 1-3) | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2020.06.006 |
| 2020 | Jia, Nature Communications | ASCC3 is the largest ASCC subunit, a dual-cassette Ski2-like helicase that provides ssDNA for ALKBH3-mediated alkylation damage repair; ASCC2–ASCC3 interfaces are altered by cancer mutations (jia2020theinteractionof pages 1-2) | Structural analysis, interaction mapping, biochemical affinity measurements, cancer-mutation analysis | Defined conserved ASCC2–ASCC3 interface and showed somatic cancer mutations reduce binding affinity; ASCC3 translocates 3′→5′ to support repair substrate generation (jia2020theinteractionof pages 1-2) | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-19221-x |
| 2018 | Soll, Journal of Biological Chemistry | ASCC3 is the DNA helicase/scaffold of the ASCC alkylation damage response, generating the single-stranded substrate required for ALKBH3-mediated dealkylation and coordinating ASCC assembly (soll2018rnaligaselikedomain pages 1-2) | Cell biology, co-IP, recombinant interaction assays, CRISPR/Cas9 knockout | ASCC3 and ASCC2 formed nuclear foci upon alkylation damage; ASCC1 knockout increased ASCC3 foci but many lacked ASCC2, indicating regulated complex assembly (soll2018rnaligaselikedomain pages 1-2) | https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.RA117.000114 |
Table: This table summarizes the most relevant ASCC3 papers identified in this run, prioritizing 2023-2024 while retaining foundational studies. It highlights ASCC3’s main validated functions in alkylation repair, ribosome quality control, translation initiation, and human disease or cancer relevance, with concise methodological and quantitative details.
The key retrieved sources include:
- Jia et al., Nature Communications, Apr 2023, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-37528-3 (jia2023extendeddnathreading pages 1-2)
- Miścicka et al., Nucleic Acids Research, Feb 2024, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkae087 (miscicka2024ribosomalcollisionis pages 14-15)
- Kito et al., The EMBO Journal, Apr 2023, https://doi.org/10.15252/embj.2022112869 (kito2023theasc‐1complex pages 1-2)
- Ao et al., Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer, Dec 2023, https://doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2023-007766 (ao2023ascc3promotesthe pages 1-1)
- Li et al., Frontiers in Genetics, Sep 2024, https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2024.1382275 (li2024casereportsecond pages 1-2)
- Juszkiewicz et al., Molecular Cell, Aug 2020, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2020.06.006 (juszkiewicz2020theasc1complex pages 1-3)
- Jia et al., Nature Communications, May 2020, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-19221-x (jia2020theinteractionof pages 1-2)
- Soll et al., Journal of Biological Chemistry, Aug 2018, https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.ra117.000114 (soll2018rnaligaselikedomain pages 1-2)
References
(jia2020theinteractionof pages 1-2): Junqiao Jia, Eva Absmeier, Nicole Holton, Agnieszka J. Pietrzyk-Brzezinska, Philipp Hackert, Katherine E. Bohnsack, Markus T. Bohnsack, and Markus C. Wahl. The interaction of dna repair factors ascc2 and ascc3 is affected by somatic cancer mutations. Nature Communications, May 2020. URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-19221-x, doi:10.1038/s41467-020-19221-x. This article has 29 citations and is from a highest quality peer-reviewed journal.
(kito2023theasc‐1complex pages 1-2): Yuki Kito, Akinobu Matsumoto, Kazuya Ichihara, Chisa Shiraishi, Ronghao Tang, Atsushi Hatano, Masaki Matsumoto, Peixun Han, Shintaro Iwasaki, and Keiichi I Nakayama. The asc‐1 complex promotes translation initiation by scanning ribosomes. The EMBO Journal, Apr 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.15252/embj.2022112869, doi:10.15252/embj.2022112869. This article has 13 citations.
(juszkiewicz2020theasc1complex pages 1-3): Szymon Juszkiewicz, Shaun H. Speldewinde, Li Wan, Jesper Q. Svejstrup, and Ramanujan S. Hegde. The asc-1 complex disassembles collided ribosomes. Molecular Cell, 79:603-614.e8, Aug 2020. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2020.06.006, doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2020.06.006. This article has 234 citations and is from a highest quality peer-reviewed journal.
(miscicka2024ribosomalcollisionis pages 1-2): Anna Miścicka, Alexander G Bulakhov, Kazushige Kuroha, Alexandra Zinoviev, Christopher U T Hellen, and Tatyana V Pestova. Ribosomal collision is not a prerequisite for znf598-mediated ribosome ubiquitination and disassembly of ribosomal complexes by ascc. Nucleic Acids Research, 52:4627-4643, Feb 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkae087, doi:10.1093/nar/gkae087. This article has 21 citations and is from a highest quality peer-reviewed journal.
(soll2018rnaligaselikedomain pages 1-2): Jennifer M. Soll, Joshua R. Brickner, Miranda C. Mudge, and Nima Mosammaparast. Rna ligase-like domain in activating signal cointegrator 1 complex subunit 1 (ascc1) regulates ascc complex function during alkylation damage. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 293:13524-13533, Aug 2018. URL: https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.ra117.000114, doi:10.1074/jbc.ra117.000114. This article has 39 citations and is from a domain leading peer-reviewed journal.
(jia2023extendeddnathreading pages 1-2): Junqiao Jia, Tarek Hilal, Katherine E. Bohnsack, Aleksandar Chernev, Ning Tsao, Juliane Bethmann, Aruna Arumugam, Lane Parmely, Nicole Holton, Bernhard Loll, Nima Mosammaparast, Markus T. Bohnsack, Henning Urlaub, and Markus C. Wahl. Extended dna threading through a dual-engine motor module of the activating signal co-integrator 1 complex. Nature Communications, Apr 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-37528-3, doi:10.1038/s41467-023-37528-3. This article has 13 citations and is from a highest quality peer-reviewed journal.
(jia2023extendeddnathreading pages 8-9): Junqiao Jia, Tarek Hilal, Katherine E. Bohnsack, Aleksandar Chernev, Ning Tsao, Juliane Bethmann, Aruna Arumugam, Lane Parmely, Nicole Holton, Bernhard Loll, Nima Mosammaparast, Markus T. Bohnsack, Henning Urlaub, and Markus C. Wahl. Extended dna threading through a dual-engine motor module of the activating signal co-integrator 1 complex. Nature Communications, Apr 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-37528-3, doi:10.1038/s41467-023-37528-3. This article has 13 citations and is from a highest quality peer-reviewed journal.
(jia2023extendeddnathreading pages 5-6): Junqiao Jia, Tarek Hilal, Katherine E. Bohnsack, Aleksandar Chernev, Ning Tsao, Juliane Bethmann, Aruna Arumugam, Lane Parmely, Nicole Holton, Bernhard Loll, Nima Mosammaparast, Markus T. Bohnsack, Henning Urlaub, and Markus C. Wahl. Extended dna threading through a dual-engine motor module of the activating signal co-integrator 1 complex. Nature Communications, Apr 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-37528-3, doi:10.1038/s41467-023-37528-3. This article has 13 citations and is from a highest quality peer-reviewed journal.
(jia2023extendeddnathreading pages 7-8): Junqiao Jia, Tarek Hilal, Katherine E. Bohnsack, Aleksandar Chernev, Ning Tsao, Juliane Bethmann, Aruna Arumugam, Lane Parmely, Nicole Holton, Bernhard Loll, Nima Mosammaparast, Markus T. Bohnsack, Henning Urlaub, and Markus C. Wahl. Extended dna threading through a dual-engine motor module of the activating signal co-integrator 1 complex. Nature Communications, Apr 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-37528-3, doi:10.1038/s41467-023-37528-3. This article has 13 citations and is from a highest quality peer-reviewed journal.
(jia2023extendeddnathreading pages 6-6): Junqiao Jia, Tarek Hilal, Katherine E. Bohnsack, Aleksandar Chernev, Ning Tsao, Juliane Bethmann, Aruna Arumugam, Lane Parmely, Nicole Holton, Bernhard Loll, Nima Mosammaparast, Markus T. Bohnsack, Henning Urlaub, and Markus C. Wahl. Extended dna threading through a dual-engine motor module of the activating signal co-integrator 1 complex. Nature Communications, Apr 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-37528-3, doi:10.1038/s41467-023-37528-3. This article has 13 citations and is from a highest quality peer-reviewed journal.
(jia2023extendeddnathreading pages 2-3): Junqiao Jia, Tarek Hilal, Katherine E. Bohnsack, Aleksandar Chernev, Ning Tsao, Juliane Bethmann, Aruna Arumugam, Lane Parmely, Nicole Holton, Bernhard Loll, Nima Mosammaparast, Markus T. Bohnsack, Henning Urlaub, and Markus C. Wahl. Extended dna threading through a dual-engine motor module of the activating signal co-integrator 1 complex. Nature Communications, Apr 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-37528-3, doi:10.1038/s41467-023-37528-3. This article has 13 citations and is from a highest quality peer-reviewed journal.
(brickner2019activationandregulation pages 139-144): Joshua R. Brickner. Activation and regulation of the alkbh3-ascc alkylation repair pathway. ArXiv, 2019. URL: https://doi.org/10.7936/gavm-wj49, doi:10.7936/gavm-wj49. This article has 0 citations.
(miscicka2024ribosomalcollisionis pages 14-15): Anna Miścicka, Alexander G Bulakhov, Kazushige Kuroha, Alexandra Zinoviev, Christopher U T Hellen, and Tatyana V Pestova. Ribosomal collision is not a prerequisite for znf598-mediated ribosome ubiquitination and disassembly of ribosomal complexes by ascc. Nucleic Acids Research, 52:4627-4643, Feb 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkae087, doi:10.1093/nar/gkae087. This article has 21 citations and is from a highest quality peer-reviewed journal.
(kito2023theasc‐1complex pages 10-11): Yuki Kito, Akinobu Matsumoto, Kazuya Ichihara, Chisa Shiraishi, Ronghao Tang, Atsushi Hatano, Masaki Matsumoto, Peixun Han, Shintaro Iwasaki, and Keiichi I Nakayama. The asc‐1 complex promotes translation initiation by scanning ribosomes. The EMBO Journal, Apr 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.15252/embj.2022112869, doi:10.15252/embj.2022112869. This article has 13 citations.
(li2024casereportsecond pages 1-2): Wang Li, Zhongliang Li, Junhui Fu, Kaili Xu, Daoqi Mei, Xiaona Wang, Taisong Li, and Xilong Du. Case report: second report of neuromuscular syndrome caused by biallelic variants in ascc3. Frontiers in Genetics, Sep 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2024.1382275, doi:10.3389/fgene.2024.1382275. This article has 1 citations and is from a peer-reviewed journal.
(ao2023ascc3promotesthe pages 4-5): Yong-Qiang Ao, Jian Gao, Chun Jin, Shuai Wang, Li-Cheng Zhang, Jie Deng, Zong-wei Chen, Hai-Kun Wang, Jia-Hao Jiang, and Jian-Yong Ding. Ascc3 promotes the immunosuppression and progression of non-small cell lung cancer by impairing the type i interferon response via cand1-mediated ubiquitination inhibition of stat3. Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer, 11:e007766, Dec 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2023-007766, doi:10.1136/jitc-2023-007766. This article has 28 citations and is from a domain leading peer-reviewed journal.
(ao2023ascc3promotesthe pages 10-11): Yong-Qiang Ao, Jian Gao, Chun Jin, Shuai Wang, Li-Cheng Zhang, Jie Deng, Zong-wei Chen, Hai-Kun Wang, Jia-Hao Jiang, and Jian-Yong Ding. Ascc3 promotes the immunosuppression and progression of non-small cell lung cancer by impairing the type i interferon response via cand1-mediated ubiquitination inhibition of stat3. Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer, 11:e007766, Dec 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2023-007766, doi:10.1136/jitc-2023-007766. This article has 28 citations and is from a domain leading peer-reviewed journal.
(ao2023ascc3promotesthe pages 7-8): Yong-Qiang Ao, Jian Gao, Chun Jin, Shuai Wang, Li-Cheng Zhang, Jie Deng, Zong-wei Chen, Hai-Kun Wang, Jia-Hao Jiang, and Jian-Yong Ding. Ascc3 promotes the immunosuppression and progression of non-small cell lung cancer by impairing the type i interferon response via cand1-mediated ubiquitination inhibition of stat3. Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer, 11:e007766, Dec 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2023-007766, doi:10.1136/jitc-2023-007766. This article has 28 citations and is from a domain leading peer-reviewed journal.
(ao2023ascc3promotesthe pages 14-14): Yong-Qiang Ao, Jian Gao, Chun Jin, Shuai Wang, Li-Cheng Zhang, Jie Deng, Zong-wei Chen, Hai-Kun Wang, Jia-Hao Jiang, and Jian-Yong Ding. Ascc3 promotes the immunosuppression and progression of non-small cell lung cancer by impairing the type i interferon response via cand1-mediated ubiquitination inhibition of stat3. Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer, 11:e007766, Dec 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2023-007766, doi:10.1136/jitc-2023-007766. This article has 28 citations and is from a domain leading peer-reviewed journal.
(ao2023ascc3promotesthe pages 14-15): Yong-Qiang Ao, Jian Gao, Chun Jin, Shuai Wang, Li-Cheng Zhang, Jie Deng, Zong-wei Chen, Hai-Kun Wang, Jia-Hao Jiang, and Jian-Yong Ding. Ascc3 promotes the immunosuppression and progression of non-small cell lung cancer by impairing the type i interferon response via cand1-mediated ubiquitination inhibition of stat3. Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer, 11:e007766, Dec 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2023-007766, doi:10.1136/jitc-2023-007766. This article has 28 citations and is from a domain leading peer-reviewed journal.
(jia2023extendeddnathreading media 4a9084d4): Junqiao Jia, Tarek Hilal, Katherine E. Bohnsack, Aleksandar Chernev, Ning Tsao, Juliane Bethmann, Aruna Arumugam, Lane Parmely, Nicole Holton, Bernhard Loll, Nima Mosammaparast, Markus T. Bohnsack, Henning Urlaub, and Markus C. Wahl. Extended dna threading through a dual-engine motor module of the activating signal co-integrator 1 complex. Nature Communications, Apr 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-37528-3, doi:10.1038/s41467-023-37528-3. This article has 13 citations and is from a highest quality peer-reviewed journal.
(jia2023extendeddnathreading media 706dfc78): Junqiao Jia, Tarek Hilal, Katherine E. Bohnsack, Aleksandar Chernev, Ning Tsao, Juliane Bethmann, Aruna Arumugam, Lane Parmely, Nicole Holton, Bernhard Loll, Nima Mosammaparast, Markus T. Bohnsack, Henning Urlaub, and Markus C. Wahl. Extended dna threading through a dual-engine motor module of the activating signal co-integrator 1 complex. Nature Communications, Apr 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-37528-3, doi:10.1038/s41467-023-37528-3. This article has 13 citations and is from a highest quality peer-reviewed journal.
(miscicka2024ribosomalcollisionis pages 8-9): Anna Miścicka, Alexander G Bulakhov, Kazushige Kuroha, Alexandra Zinoviev, Christopher U T Hellen, and Tatyana V Pestova. Ribosomal collision is not a prerequisite for znf598-mediated ribosome ubiquitination and disassembly of ribosomal complexes by ascc. Nucleic Acids Research, 52:4627-4643, Feb 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkae087, doi:10.1093/nar/gkae087. This article has 21 citations and is from a highest quality peer-reviewed journal.
(ao2023ascc3promotesthe pages 1-1): Yong-Qiang Ao, Jian Gao, Chun Jin, Shuai Wang, Li-Cheng Zhang, Jie Deng, Zong-wei Chen, Hai-Kun Wang, Jia-Hao Jiang, and Jian-Yong Ding. Ascc3 promotes the immunosuppression and progression of non-small cell lung cancer by impairing the type i interferon response via cand1-mediated ubiquitination inhibition of stat3. Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer, 11:e007766, Dec 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2023-007766, doi:10.1136/jitc-2023-007766. This article has 28 citations and is from a domain leading peer-reviewed journal.
(ao2023ascc3promotesthe pages 5-7): Yong-Qiang Ao, Jian Gao, Chun Jin, Shuai Wang, Li-Cheng Zhang, Jie Deng, Zong-wei Chen, Hai-Kun Wang, Jia-Hao Jiang, and Jian-Yong Ding. Ascc3 promotes the immunosuppression and progression of non-small cell lung cancer by impairing the type i interferon response via cand1-mediated ubiquitination inhibition of stat3. Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer, 11:e007766, Dec 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2023-007766, doi:10.1136/jitc-2023-007766. This article has 28 citations and is from a domain leading peer-reviewed journal.
(ao2023ascc3promotesthe pages 3-4): Yong-Qiang Ao, Jian Gao, Chun Jin, Shuai Wang, Li-Cheng Zhang, Jie Deng, Zong-wei Chen, Hai-Kun Wang, Jia-Hao Jiang, and Jian-Yong Ding. Ascc3 promotes the immunosuppression and progression of non-small cell lung cancer by impairing the type i interferon response via cand1-mediated ubiquitination inhibition of stat3. Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer, 11:e007766, Dec 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2023-007766, doi:10.1136/jitc-2023-007766. This article has 28 citations and is from a domain leading peer-reviewed journal.
Automated deep research status: just deep-research-falcon human ASCC3 --fallback perplexity-lite was run for this review. Falcon timed out after 600 seconds, and the configured perplexity-lite fallback failed with an API quota 401. No provider deep-research artifact was produced, so this review uses the cached UniProt, GOA, Reactome, and primary publication files plus the manual notes below.
ASCC3 is a large ATP-dependent SF2 helicase with two well-supported functional contexts. In the nucleus, it is the catalytic helicase subunit of the ASCC-ALKBH3 DNA dealkylation repair complex. Dango et al. show that ASCC3 unwinds DNA to provide the single-stranded substrate used by ALKBH3 for repair PMID:22055184. Brickner et al. further show alkylation-specific recruitment of ASCC3 to nuclear repair foci PMID:29144457.
In the cytosol, ASCC3 is the hRQT/RQT2 ATPase subunit of the ribosome quality control trigger complex. Hashimoto et al. define hRQT as ASCC3, ASCC2, and TRIP4 PMID:32099016, and Juszkiewicz et al. show that ASCC acts on ubiquitinated collided ribosomes to disassemble the lead ribosome PMID:32579943. Narita et al. refine this as K63-uS10-dependent hRQT-mediated subunit dissociation PMID:36302773.
The PN workbook places ASCC3 under Translation > Cytosolic translation > Ribosome-associated QC > Ribosomal rescue with UniProt ID Q8N3C0 and synonym RQT2. The local projection report maps this path to two GO targets: GO:0072344 rescue of stalled cytosolic ribosome, which is already in GOA, and the broader GO:0006515 protein quality control for misfolded or incompletely synthesized proteins, listed as new to GOA.
Conservative decision: retain the exact ribosome-rescue/RQC annotations and do not add a new ASCC3 annotation to GO:0006515. ASCC3 has direct evidence for splitting K63-ubiquitinated collided ribosomes and thereby initiating RQC, but the existing GOA already captures this more specifically with GO:0072344, GO:0032790, and GO:1990116. The broad PN projection is biologically compatible as an ancestor/context term but would be redundant and less informative as a new gene-level assertion.
GO:0043138 3'-5' DNA helicase activity, GO:0006307 DNA alkylation repair, nuclear/nucleoplasm/nuclear-speckle locations, and GO:1990391 DNA repair complex.GO:0180022 RQC-trigger complex, GO:0016887 ATP hydrolysis activity, GO:0022626 cytosolic ribosome, GO:0032790 ribosome disassembly, GO:0072344 rescue of stalled cytosolic ribosome, and GO:1990116 ribosome-associated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process.protein binding rows are interaction evidence but not informative molecular-function curation. Broad nucleic-acid/helicase terms should defer to the specific DNA helicase/ATPase/RQT annotations.DNA replication annotation: the cited ASCC1/ASCC damage-response paper supports alkylation repair-complex regulation, not a general DNA replication process for ASCC3.membrane localization: ASCC3 is a soluble nuclear/cytosolic protein with no transmembrane-domain basis, and stronger curated evidence places it in ASCC/hRQT contexts.A Falcon (Edison Scientific) deep-research report was generated (ASCC3-deep-research-falcon.md) and reviewed against the existing COMPLETE review. PMIDs below were resolved from the report's DOIs via the PubMed ID-converter and verified for exact titles; none of these five papers are cached in publications/, so they are added to references: as statement-only entries (full_text_unavailable: true, no supporting_text) and are NOT used to alter any annotation action.
GO:0043138/GO:0016887 MF calls; no annotation change.GO:0032790/GO:0072344 ribosome-rescue calls; refines mechanism, no action change.Translation|Cytosolic translation|Ribosome-associated QC|Ribosomal rescue ; PN-node mapping: type=mapped/ok GO:0072344 (already_in_goa_exact); group=mapped/ok GO:0006515 (new_to_goa); class/branch context_only.This file is generated from the current PROTEOSTASIS phase-1 dossier and local gene-review artifacts. Edit the source review, PN mapping, or dossier rather than this generated note when correcting the underlying curation.
id: Q8N3C0
gene_symbol: ASCC3
product_type: PROTEIN
aliases:
- HELIC1
- RQT2
- ASC1p200
status: COMPLETE
description: 'ASCC3 encodes a large ATP-dependent superfamily II helicase that functions in distinct ASCC-containing
complexes. In the nucleus, ASCC3 is the catalytic helicase subunit of the ALKBH3-associated ASCC DNA
dealkylation repair complex, where it helps unwind alkylated duplex DNA and is recruited to alkylation-induced
nuclear foci. In the cytosol, ASCC3/RQT2 is the ATPase subunit of the human ribosome quality control
trigger complex with ASCC2 and TRIP4, where it promotes splitting of K63-ubiquitinated collided ribosomes
to initiate ribosome-associated quality control. ASCC3 was also originally identified as a component
of the ASC-1 transcription coactivator complex, but its best-supported mechanistic roles are DNA alkylation
repair and stalled ribosome rescue.'
taxon:
id: NCBITaxon:9606
label: Homo sapiens
alternative_products:
- name: '1'
id: Q8N3C0-1
- name: '2'
id: Q8N3C0-3
sequence_note: VSP_042955, VSP_042956
- name: '3'
id: Q8N3C0-4
sequence_note: VSP_042957, VSP_042958
references:
- id: file:human/ASCC3/ASCC3-notes.md
title: ASCC3 review notes
findings:
- statement: ASCC3 has separable nuclear DNA alkylation repair and cytosolic hRQT ribosome-rescue
roles, and the PN GO:0006515 projection was not added because more specific RQC terms are
already present.
supporting_text: 'Conservative decision: retain the exact ribosome-rescue/RQC annotations and do not
add a new ASCC3 annotation to `GO:0006515`.'
- id: GO_REF:0000002
title: Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms
findings: []
- id: GO_REF:0000003
title: Gene Ontology annotation based on Enzyme Commission mapping
findings: []
- id: GO_REF:0000033
title: Annotation inferences using phylogenetic trees
findings: []
- id: GO_REF:0000044
title: Gene Ontology annotation based on UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Subcellular Location vocabulary
mapping, accompanied by conservative changes to GO terms applied by UniProt
findings: []
- id: GO_REF:0000052
title: Gene Ontology annotation based on curation of immunofluorescence data
findings: []
- id: GO_REF:0000116
title: Automatic Gene Ontology annotation based on Rhea mapping
findings: []
- id: GO_REF:0000117
title: Electronic Gene Ontology annotations created by ARBA machine learning models
findings: []
- id: PMID:12077347
title: Novel transcription coactivator complex containing activating signal cointegrator 1.
findings: []
- id: PMID:19946888
title: Defining the membrane proteome of NK cells.
findings: []
- id: PMID:22055184
title: DNA unwinding by ASCC3 helicase is coupled to ALKBH3-dependent DNA alkylation repair and
cancer cell proliferation.
findings:
- statement: ASCC3 helicase activity provides single-stranded substrate for ALKBH3-mediated DNA
repair.
supporting_text: ASCC3 unwinds DNA to generate the single-stranded substrate needed for
ALKBH3-mediated DNA repair
- id: PMID:22681889
title: The mRNA-bound proteome and its global occupancy profile on protein-coding transcripts.
findings: []
- id: PMID:28514442
title: Architecture of the human interactome defines protein communities and disease networks.
findings: []
- id: PMID:28757607
title: Ubiquitination of stalled ribosome triggers ribosome-associated quality control.
findings: []
- id: PMID:29144457
title: A ubiquitin-dependent signalling axis specific for ALKBH-mediated DNA dealkylation repair.
findings:
- statement: ASCC3 is recruited to alkylation-induced nuclear foci in the ASCC dealkylation repair
pathway.
supporting_text: Endogenous ASCC3 formed nuclear foci upon treatment of U2OS cells with the
alkylating agent
- id: PMID:29997253
title: RNA ligase-like domain in activating signal cointegrator 1 complex subunit 1 (ASCC1)
regulates ASCC complex function during alkylation damage.
findings:
- statement: ASCC1 regulates ASCC complex function by interacting through ASCC3 during alkylation
damage signaling.
supporting_text: ASCC1 interacts with the ASCC complex through the ASCC3 helicase subunit
- id: PMID:32099016
title: Identification of a novel trigger complex that facilitates ribosome-associated quality
control in mammalian cells.
findings:
- statement: The human RQT complex contains ASCC3, ASCC2, and TRIP4 and triggers RQC.
supporting_text: The hRQT complex is composed of ASCC3, ASCC2, and TRIP4
- id: PMID:32579943
title: The ASC-1 Complex Disassembles Collided Ribosomes.
findings:
- statement: ASCC disassembles ubiquitinated collided ribosomes, defining ASCC3 as a core RQC
ribosome-rescue factor.
supporting_text: ASCC acts on ubiquitinated collided ribosomes to selectively disassemble the
lead ribosome
- id: PMID:33961781
title: Dual proteome-scale networks reveal cell-specific remodeling of the human interactome.
findings: []
- id: PMID:36302773
title: A distinct mammalian disome collision interface harbors K63-linked polyubiquitination of
uS10 to trigger hRQT-mediated subunit dissociation.
findings:
- statement: K63-linked uS10 polyubiquitination triggers hRQT-mediated subunit dissociation.
supporting_text: the trimeric hRQT complex-mediated subunit dissociation
- id: PMID:37019967
title: Extended DNA threading through a dual-engine motor module of the activating signal
co-integrator 1 complex.
full_text_unavailable: true
findings:
- statement: ASCC3 contains two tandem Ski2-like NTPase/helicase cassettes that cooperate to thread
substrate through both cassettes, and TRIP4 docks via a zinc-finger domain to position an ASCH
domain next to the C-terminal cassette and stimulate the helicase.
- statement: TRIP4 and the dealkylase ALKBH3 bind ASCC3 in a mutually exclusive manner, providing a
mechanism that directs ASCC3 toward distinct cellular processes.
- id: PMID:37092320
title: The ASC-1 complex promotes translation initiation by scanning ribosomes.
full_text_unavailable: true
findings:
- statement: ASCC3 associates with scanning ribosomes and localizes predominantly to 5'
untranslated regions, and its knockdown impairs 43S preinitiation complex loading and scanning
dynamics, reducing translation efficiency for a subset of transcripts.
- id: PMID:38148115
title: ASCC3 promotes the immunosuppression and progression of non-small cell lung cancer by
impairing the type I interferon response via CAND1-mediated ubiquitination inhibition of STAT3.
full_text_unavailable: true
findings:
- statement: In non-small cell lung cancer ASCC3 is upregulated and reported to stabilize STAT3 by
recruiting CAND1 to inhibit STAT3 ubiquitination, impairing the type I interferon response and
promoting an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.
- id: PMID:38366554
title: Ribosomal collision is not a prerequisite for ZNF598-mediated ribosome ubiquitination and
disassembly of ribosomal complexes by ASCC.
full_text_unavailable: true
findings:
- statement: After ZNF598-dependent K63-polyubiquitination of uS10, ASCC efficiently disassembles
polysomal, monosomal, 80S elongation and 48S initiation complexes without a strict requirement
for ribosomal collision, provided at least ~30-35 nucleotides of 3' mRNA remain downstream of
the P site.
- id: PMID:39286456
title: 'Case report: Second report of neuromuscular syndrome caused by biallelic variants in ASCC3.'
full_text_unavailable: true
findings:
- statement: Biallelic loss-of-function variants in ASCC3 cause an autosomal-recessive
neurodevelopmental and neuromuscular syndrome (MIM:620700) featuring global developmental delay,
intellectual disability, reduced muscle tone and motor and language impairment.
- id: PMID:40205054
title: Multimodal cell maps as a foundation for structural and functional genomics.
findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-HSA-112123
title: Oxidative demethylation of 1-meA damaged DNA By ALKBH3
findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-HSA-112124
title: Oxidative demethylation of 3-meC damaged DNA By ALKBH3
findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-HSA-112125
title: Oxidative dealkylation of 1-EtA damaged DNA by ABH3
findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-HSA-5657617
title: ALKBH3 associated with ASCC1:ASCC2:ASCC3 binds alkylated dsDNA containing 3-meC
findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-HSA-5657637
title: ALKBH3 associated with ASCC1:ASCC2:ASCC3 binds alkylated dsDNA containing 1-meA
findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-HSA-5657642
title: ALKBH3 in complex with ASCC1:ASCC2:ASCC3 binds alkylated DNA containing 1-etA
findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-HSA-9948291
title: RQT complex binds K63polyUb-80S ribosome:no-go mRNA:peptidyl-tRNA with nascent peptide
findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-HSA-9948299
title: Ribosome-associated quality control
findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-HSA-9948300
title: RQT complex:K63polyUb-80S ribosome dissociates yielding K63polyUb-40S subunit and 60S
subunit:peptidyl-tRNA with nascent peptide
findings: []
existing_annotations:
- term:
id: GO:0003723
label: RNA binding
evidence_type: IBA
original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
qualifier: enables
review:
summary: RNA binding is plausible for ASCC3 but is less specific than its characterized
helicase/RQT roles.
action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
reason: ASCC3 contacts nucleic acids in both the DNA repair and ribosome-rescue settings, and
purified ASCC3 can bind ssRNA in vitro, but RNA binding alone does not capture the core
ATP-dependent activities. Keep the annotation as contextual rather than using it as the main
MF.
additional_reference_ids:
- PMID:29144457
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:29144457
supporting_text: Purified ASCC3 bound to ssRNA in vitro
- term:
id: GO:0005634
label: nucleus
evidence_type: IBA
original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
qualifier: is_active_in
review:
summary: Nuclear localization is well supported for the ASCC DNA alkylation repair role.
action: ACCEPT
reason: ASCC3 was originally purified from HeLa nuclei as an ASC-1 complex subunit and later
shown to form alkylation-induced nuclear foci with ALKBH3/ASCC repair machinery. This is a
core location for the DNA repair arm of ASCC3 biology.
additional_reference_ids:
- PMID:29144457
- PMID:12077347
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:29144457
supporting_text: Endogenous ASCC3 formed nuclear foci upon treatment of U2OS cells with the
alkylating agent
- reference_id: PMID:12077347
supporting_text: ASC-1 exists as a steady-state complex associated with three polypeptides,
P200, P100, and P50, in HeLa nuclei
- term:
id: GO:0043138
label: 3'-5' DNA helicase activity
evidence_type: IBA
original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
qualifier: enables
review:
summary: ASCC3 3'-5' DNA helicase activity is directly supported and central to ALKBH3-coupled
dealkylation repair.
action: ACCEPT
reason: The ALKBH3-ASCC paper demonstrates that ASCC3 unwinds duplex DNA to produce the
single-stranded substrate preferred by ALKBH3. This is the most specific molecular-function
term for the nuclear DNA repair activity.
additional_reference_ids:
- PMID:22055184
- PMID:29144457
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:22055184
supporting_text: ASCC3 unwinds DNA to generate the single-stranded substrate needed for
ALKBH3-mediated DNA repair
- reference_id: PMID:29144457
supporting_text: Endogenous ASCC3 formed nuclear foci upon treatment of U2OS cells with the
alkylating agent
- reference_id: file:human/ASCC3/ASCC3-notes.md
supporting_text: ASCC3 is a large ATP-dependent SF2 helicase with two well-supported
functional contexts.
- term:
id: GO:0003676
label: nucleic acid binding
evidence_type: IEA
original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000002
qualifier: enables
review:
summary: The broad nucleic-acid binding annotation is directionally true but should be replaced
by the specific DNA helicase activity.
action: MODIFY
reason: ASCC3 is a nucleic-acid-dependent ATPase/helicase, but the InterPro-derived term is too
general. Direct evidence supports 3'-5' DNA helicase activity in ALKBH3-mediated repair.
proposed_replacement_terms:
- id: GO:0043138
label: 3'-5' DNA helicase activity
additional_reference_ids:
- PMID:22055184
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:22055184
supporting_text: ASCC3 unwinds DNA to generate the single-stranded substrate needed for
ALKBH3-mediated DNA repair
- reference_id: PMID:29144457
supporting_text: Endogenous ASCC3 formed nuclear foci upon treatment of U2OS cells with the
alkylating agent
- reference_id: file:human/ASCC3/ASCC3-notes.md
supporting_text: ASCC3 is a large ATP-dependent SF2 helicase with two well-supported
functional contexts.
- term:
id: GO:0004386
label: helicase activity
evidence_type: IEA
original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000117
qualifier: enables
review:
summary: Generic helicase activity should be refined to ASCC3-specific DNA helicase and ATPase
terms.
action: MODIFY
reason: ASCC3 is a helicase-family ATPase, but GOA already has stronger, more specific
annotations for 3'-5' DNA helicase activity and ATP hydrolysis activity. The generic helicase
term should not be the preferred assertion.
proposed_replacement_terms:
- id: GO:0043138
label: 3'-5' DNA helicase activity
- id: GO:0016887
label: ATP hydrolysis activity
additional_reference_ids:
- PMID:22055184
- PMID:32579943
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:22055184
supporting_text: ASCC3 unwinds DNA to generate the single-stranded substrate needed for
ALKBH3-mediated DNA repair
- reference_id: PMID:29144457
supporting_text: Endogenous ASCC3 formed nuclear foci upon treatment of U2OS cells with the
alkylating agent
- reference_id: file:human/ASCC3/ASCC3-notes.md
supporting_text: ASCC3 is a large ATP-dependent SF2 helicase with two well-supported
functional contexts.
- term:
id: GO:0005524
label: ATP binding
evidence_type: IEA
original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000002
qualifier: enables
review:
summary: ATP binding is consistent with ASCC3 helicase/ATPase function but is not the most
informative MF annotation.
action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
reason: ASCC3 uses ATP-dependent helicase activity in both DNA repair and hRQT ribosome
splitting. ATP binding is true as a supporting property, but ATP hydrolysis activity and the
specific biological processes carry the core functional meaning.
additional_reference_ids:
- PMID:32579943
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:32579943
supporting_text: its loss phenocopies the loss of ZNF598. This activity of ASCC3 is dependent
on its ATP-dependent helicase activities
- term:
id: GO:0005634
label: nucleus
evidence_type: IEA
original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000044
qualifier: located_in
review:
summary: Nuclear localization is well supported for the ASCC DNA alkylation repair role.
action: ACCEPT
reason: ASCC3 was originally purified from HeLa nuclei as an ASC-1 complex subunit and later
shown to form alkylation-induced nuclear foci with ALKBH3/ASCC repair machinery. This is a
core location for the DNA repair arm of ASCC3 biology.
additional_reference_ids:
- PMID:29144457
- PMID:12077347
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:29144457
supporting_text: Endogenous ASCC3 formed nuclear foci upon treatment of U2OS cells with the
alkylating agent
- reference_id: PMID:12077347
supporting_text: ASC-1 exists as a steady-state complex associated with three polypeptides,
P200, P100, and P50, in HeLa nuclei
- term:
id: GO:0005829
label: cytosol
evidence_type: IEA
original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000044
qualifier: located_in
review:
summary: Cytosolic localization is supported by the ribosome-associated quality-control role.
action: ACCEPT
reason: ASCC3 acts on cytosolic collided ribosomes as part of hRQT. Cytosol annotations are
appropriate for the RQC arm of ASCC3, while nuclear annotations remain appropriate for the DNA
repair arm.
additional_reference_ids:
- PMID:32579943
- PMID:36302773
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:32579943
supporting_text: ASCC acts on ubiquitinated collided ribosomes to selectively disassemble the
lead ribosome
- reference_id: PMID:36302773
supporting_text: the trimeric hRQT complex-mediated subunit dissociation
- reference_id: file:human/ASCC3/ASCC3-notes.md
supporting_text: 'Conservative decision: retain the exact ribosome-rescue/RQC annotations and do
not add a new ASCC3 annotation to `GO:0006515`.'
- term:
id: GO:0016607
label: nuclear speck
evidence_type: IEA
original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000044
qualifier: located_in
review:
summary: Nuclear speckle/foci localization is supported in the alkylation damage response
context.
action: ACCEPT
reason: ASCC3 and ASCC complex foci are linked to RNA polymerase II/splicing-associated nuclear
regions after alkylation damage, and ASCC1 is described at nuclear speckle foci before damage.
This is a supported subnuclear context for the repair complex rather than a separate enzymatic
function.
additional_reference_ids:
- PMID:29144457
- PMID:29997253
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:29144457
supporting_text: ASCC foci co-localized with elongating (Ser2 phosphorylated) RNA polymerase
II
- reference_id: PMID:29997253
supporting_text: ASCC1 is present at nuclear speckle foci prior to damage
- term:
id: GO:0016887
label: ATP hydrolysis activity
evidence_type: IEA
original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000116
qualifier: enables
review:
summary: ATP hydrolysis activity is directly tied to ASCC3 helicase-dependent DNA repair and
hRQT ribosome splitting.
action: ACCEPT
reason: ASCC3 is an ATP-dependent helicase; RQC studies show ASCC3 ATPase activity is required
for hRQT-mediated ribosome rescue, and DNA repair studies show ATP-dependent helicase activity
in ASCC3. This is an informative core MF annotation.
additional_reference_ids:
- PMID:32099016
- PMID:32579943
- PMID:36302773
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:32579943
supporting_text: This activity of ASCC3 is dependent on its ATP-dependent helicase activities
- reference_id: PMID:32099016
supporting_text: The ATPase activity of ASCC3 and the ubiquitin-binding activity of ASCC2 are
crucial for triggering
- term:
id: GO:0043138
label: 3'-5' DNA helicase activity
evidence_type: IEA
original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000003
qualifier: enables
review:
summary: ASCC3 3'-5' DNA helicase activity is directly supported and central to ALKBH3-coupled
dealkylation repair.
action: ACCEPT
reason: The ALKBH3-ASCC paper demonstrates that ASCC3 unwinds duplex DNA to produce the
single-stranded substrate preferred by ALKBH3. This is the most specific molecular-function
term for the nuclear DNA repair activity.
additional_reference_ids:
- PMID:22055184
- PMID:29144457
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:22055184
supporting_text: ASCC3 unwinds DNA to generate the single-stranded substrate needed for
ALKBH3-mediated DNA repair
- reference_id: PMID:29144457
supporting_text: Endogenous ASCC3 formed nuclear foci upon treatment of U2OS cells with the
alkylating agent
- reference_id: file:human/ASCC3/ASCC3-notes.md
supporting_text: ASCC3 is a large ATP-dependent SF2 helicase with two well-supported
functional contexts.
- term:
id: GO:0180022
label: RQC-trigger complex
evidence_type: IEA
original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000117
qualifier: part_of
review:
summary: ASCC3 is a core subunit of the human RQC-trigger/hRQT complex.
action: ACCEPT
reason: The original ASC-1 complex paper supports ASCC3/p200 complex membership, and later RQC
papers establish the ASCC3-ASCC2-TRIP4 hRQT complex as the ribosome quality-control trigger.
The term is therefore biologically correct, even when the older original reference alone is
not sufficient for the modern RQC label.
additional_reference_ids:
- PMID:32099016
- PMID:32579943
- PMID:36302773
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:32099016
supporting_text: The hRQT complex is composed of ASCC3, ASCC2, and TRIP4
- reference_id: PMID:36302773
supporting_text: the trimeric hRQT complex-mediated subunit dissociation
- term:
id: GO:0005515
label: protein binding
evidence_type: IPI
original_reference_id: PMID:28514442
qualifier: enables
review:
summary: The interaction evidence is real but generic protein binding is not an informative
ASCC3 molecular-function annotation.
action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
reason: These rows reflect physical associations from targeted or large-scale interaction data.
They are useful as support for ASCC/ALKBH3/hRQT complex biology when specific partners are
considered, but the generic GO protein binding term should not be retained as a core MF for
ASCC3.
supported_by:
- reference_id: file:human/ASCC3/ASCC3-notes.md
supporting_text: Treat generic binding annotations conservatively. `protein binding` rows are
interaction evidence but not informative molecular-function curation.
- term:
id: GO:0005515
label: protein binding
evidence_type: IPI
original_reference_id: PMID:29997253
qualifier: enables
review:
summary: The interaction evidence is real but generic protein binding is not an informative
ASCC3 molecular-function annotation.
action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
reason: These rows reflect physical associations from targeted or large-scale interaction data.
They are useful as support for ASCC/ALKBH3/hRQT complex biology when specific partners are
considered, but the generic GO protein binding term should not be retained as a core MF for
ASCC3.
supported_by:
- reference_id: file:human/ASCC3/ASCC3-notes.md
supporting_text: Treat generic binding annotations conservatively. `protein binding` rows are
interaction evidence but not informative molecular-function curation.
- term:
id: GO:0005515
label: protein binding
evidence_type: IPI
original_reference_id: PMID:33961781
qualifier: enables
review:
summary: The interaction evidence is real but generic protein binding is not an informative
ASCC3 molecular-function annotation.
action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
reason: These rows reflect physical associations from targeted or large-scale interaction data.
They are useful as support for ASCC/ALKBH3/hRQT complex biology when specific partners are
considered, but the generic GO protein binding term should not be retained as a core MF for
ASCC3.
supported_by:
- reference_id: file:human/ASCC3/ASCC3-notes.md
supporting_text: Treat generic binding annotations conservatively. `protein binding` rows are
interaction evidence but not informative molecular-function curation.
- term:
id: GO:0005515
label: protein binding
evidence_type: IPI
original_reference_id: PMID:40205054
qualifier: enables
review:
summary: The interaction evidence is real but generic protein binding is not an informative
ASCC3 molecular-function annotation.
action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
reason: These rows reflect physical associations from targeted or large-scale interaction data.
They are useful as support for ASCC/ALKBH3/hRQT complex biology when specific partners are
considered, but the generic GO protein binding term should not be retained as a core MF for
ASCC3.
supported_by:
- reference_id: file:human/ASCC3/ASCC3-notes.md
supporting_text: Treat generic binding annotations conservatively. `protein binding` rows are
interaction evidence but not informative molecular-function curation.
- term:
id: GO:0005829
label: cytosol
evidence_type: IDA
original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000052
qualifier: located_in
review:
summary: Cytosolic localization is supported by the ribosome-associated quality-control role.
action: ACCEPT
reason: ASCC3 acts on cytosolic collided ribosomes as part of hRQT. Cytosol annotations are
appropriate for the RQC arm of ASCC3, while nuclear annotations remain appropriate for the DNA
repair arm.
additional_reference_ids:
- PMID:32579943
- PMID:36302773
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:32579943
supporting_text: ASCC acts on ubiquitinated collided ribosomes to selectively disassemble the
lead ribosome
- reference_id: PMID:36302773
supporting_text: the trimeric hRQT complex-mediated subunit dissociation
- reference_id: file:human/ASCC3/ASCC3-notes.md
supporting_text: 'Conservative decision: retain the exact ribosome-rescue/RQC annotations and do
not add a new ASCC3 annotation to `GO:0006515`.'
- term:
id: GO:0072344
label: rescue of stalled cytosolic ribosome
evidence_type: TAS
original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-9948299
qualifier: involved_in
review:
summary: Rescue of stalled cytosolic ribosomes is the PN-relevant core process for ASCC3/hRQT.
action: ACCEPT
reason: ASCC3 acts in the hRQT/RQC-trigger complex to split ubiquitinated collided ribosomes,
allowing downstream RQC. This exact GO term is the conservative PN projection target and is
already present in GOA.
additional_reference_ids:
- PMID:32099016
- PMID:32579943
- PMID:36302773
- Reactome:R-HSA-9948299
- Reactome:R-HSA-9948300
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:32579943
supporting_text: ASCC acts on ubiquitinated collided ribosomes to selectively disassemble the
lead ribosome
- reference_id: PMID:36302773
supporting_text: the trimeric hRQT complex-mediated subunit dissociation
- reference_id: file:human/ASCC3/ASCC3-notes.md
supporting_text: 'Conservative decision: retain the exact ribosome-rescue/RQC annotations and do
not add a new ASCC3 annotation to `GO:0006515`.'
- reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-9948300
supporting_text: splits stalled 80S K63-polyubiquitinated ribosomes into 60S subunits and
K63-polyubiquitinated 40S subunits
- term:
id: GO:0005634
label: nucleus
evidence_type: EXP
original_reference_id: PMID:29144457
qualifier: located_in
review:
summary: Nuclear localization is well supported for the ASCC DNA alkylation repair role.
action: ACCEPT
reason: ASCC3 was originally purified from HeLa nuclei as an ASC-1 complex subunit and later
shown to form alkylation-induced nuclear foci with ALKBH3/ASCC repair machinery. This is a
core location for the DNA repair arm of ASCC3 biology.
additional_reference_ids:
- PMID:29144457
- PMID:12077347
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:29144457
supporting_text: Endogenous ASCC3 formed nuclear foci upon treatment of U2OS cells with the
alkylating agent
- reference_id: PMID:12077347
supporting_text: ASC-1 exists as a steady-state complex associated with three polypeptides,
P200, P100, and P50, in HeLa nuclei
- term:
id: GO:0016607
label: nuclear speck
evidence_type: EXP
original_reference_id: PMID:29144457
qualifier: located_in
review:
summary: Nuclear speckle/foci localization is supported in the alkylation damage response
context.
action: ACCEPT
reason: ASCC3 and ASCC complex foci are linked to RNA polymerase II/splicing-associated nuclear
regions after alkylation damage, and ASCC1 is described at nuclear speckle foci before damage.
This is a supported subnuclear context for the repair complex rather than a separate enzymatic
function.
additional_reference_ids:
- PMID:29144457
- PMID:29997253
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:29144457
supporting_text: ASCC foci co-localized with elongating (Ser2 phosphorylated) RNA polymerase
II
- reference_id: PMID:29997253
supporting_text: ASCC1 is present at nuclear speckle foci prior to damage
- term:
id: GO:0016607
label: nuclear speck
evidence_type: EXP
original_reference_id: PMID:29997253
qualifier: located_in
review:
summary: Nuclear speckle/foci localization is supported in the alkylation damage response
context.
action: ACCEPT
reason: ASCC3 and ASCC complex foci are linked to RNA polymerase II/splicing-associated nuclear
regions after alkylation damage, and ASCC1 is described at nuclear speckle foci before damage.
This is a supported subnuclear context for the repair complex rather than a separate enzymatic
function.
additional_reference_ids:
- PMID:29144457
- PMID:29997253
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:29144457
supporting_text: ASCC foci co-localized with elongating (Ser2 phosphorylated) RNA polymerase
II
- reference_id: PMID:29997253
supporting_text: ASCC1 is present at nuclear speckle foci prior to damage
- term:
id: GO:0016887
label: ATP hydrolysis activity
evidence_type: TAS
original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-9948300
qualifier: enables
review:
summary: ATP hydrolysis activity is directly tied to ASCC3 helicase-dependent DNA repair and
hRQT ribosome splitting.
action: ACCEPT
reason: ASCC3 is an ATP-dependent helicase; RQC studies show ASCC3 ATPase activity is required
for hRQT-mediated ribosome rescue, and DNA repair studies show ATP-dependent helicase activity
in ASCC3. This is an informative core MF annotation.
additional_reference_ids:
- PMID:32099016
- PMID:32579943
- PMID:36302773
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:32579943
supporting_text: This activity of ASCC3 is dependent on its ATP-dependent helicase activities
- reference_id: PMID:32099016
supporting_text: The ATPase activity of ASCC3 and the ubiquitin-binding activity of ASCC2 are
crucial for triggering
- term:
id: GO:0005829
label: cytosol
evidence_type: TAS
original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-9948291
qualifier: located_in
review:
summary: Cytosolic localization is supported by the ribosome-associated quality-control role.
action: ACCEPT
reason: ASCC3 acts on cytosolic collided ribosomes as part of hRQT. Cytosol annotations are
appropriate for the RQC arm of ASCC3, while nuclear annotations remain appropriate for the DNA
repair arm.
additional_reference_ids:
- PMID:32579943
- PMID:36302773
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:32579943
supporting_text: ASCC acts on ubiquitinated collided ribosomes to selectively disassemble the
lead ribosome
- reference_id: PMID:36302773
supporting_text: the trimeric hRQT complex-mediated subunit dissociation
- reference_id: file:human/ASCC3/ASCC3-notes.md
supporting_text: 'Conservative decision: retain the exact ribosome-rescue/RQC annotations and do
not add a new ASCC3 annotation to `GO:0006515`.'
- term:
id: GO:0005829
label: cytosol
evidence_type: TAS
original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-9948300
qualifier: located_in
review:
summary: Cytosolic localization is supported by the ribosome-associated quality-control role.
action: ACCEPT
reason: ASCC3 acts on cytosolic collided ribosomes as part of hRQT. Cytosol annotations are
appropriate for the RQC arm of ASCC3, while nuclear annotations remain appropriate for the DNA
repair arm.
additional_reference_ids:
- PMID:32579943
- PMID:36302773
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:32579943
supporting_text: ASCC acts on ubiquitinated collided ribosomes to selectively disassemble the
lead ribosome
- reference_id: PMID:36302773
supporting_text: the trimeric hRQT complex-mediated subunit dissociation
- reference_id: file:human/ASCC3/ASCC3-notes.md
supporting_text: 'Conservative decision: retain the exact ribosome-rescue/RQC annotations and do
not add a new ASCC3 annotation to `GO:0006515`.'
- term:
id: GO:0005634
label: nucleus
evidence_type: IDA
original_reference_id: PMID:29997253
qualifier: located_in
review:
summary: Nuclear localization is well supported for the ASCC DNA alkylation repair role.
action: ACCEPT
reason: ASCC3 was originally purified from HeLa nuclei as an ASC-1 complex subunit and later
shown to form alkylation-induced nuclear foci with ALKBH3/ASCC repair machinery. This is a
core location for the DNA repair arm of ASCC3 biology.
additional_reference_ids:
- PMID:29144457
- PMID:12077347
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:29144457
supporting_text: Endogenous ASCC3 formed nuclear foci upon treatment of U2OS cells with the
alkylating agent
- reference_id: PMID:12077347
supporting_text: ASC-1 exists as a steady-state complex associated with three polypeptides,
P200, P100, and P50, in HeLa nuclei
- term:
id: GO:0006260
label: DNA replication
evidence_type: NAS
original_reference_id: PMID:29997253
qualifier: involved_in
review:
summary: The cited ASCC damage-response evidence does not support a general DNA replication role
for ASCC3.
action: REMOVE
reason: ASCC3 participates in ALKBH3-mediated alkylation repair and forms repair foci in
cell-cycle contexts, but the cited ASCC1/ASCC paper supports repair-complex regulation rather
than DNA replication. This annotation appears to overinterpret ComplexPortal context.
additional_reference_ids:
- PMID:29144457
- PMID:29997253
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:29997253
supporting_text: ASCC1 interacts with the ASCC complex through the ASCC3 helicase subunit
- reference_id: PMID:29144457
supporting_text: Endogenous ASCC3 formed nuclear foci upon treatment of U2OS cells with the
alkylating agent
- term:
id: GO:0006307
label: DNA alkylation repair
evidence_type: NAS
original_reference_id: PMID:29997253
qualifier: involved_in
review:
summary: DNA alkylation repair is a directly supported core ASCC3 function.
action: ACCEPT
reason: ASCC3 unwinds alkylated duplex DNA and supports ALKBH3-dependent DNA dealkylation
repair. Later studies show alkylation-specific nuclear recruitment of the ASCC repair complex.
additional_reference_ids:
- PMID:22055184
- PMID:29144457
- PMID:29997253
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:22055184
supporting_text: ASCC3 unwinds DNA to generate the single-stranded substrate needed for
ALKBH3-mediated DNA repair
- reference_id: PMID:29144457
supporting_text: Endogenous ASCC3 formed nuclear foci upon treatment of U2OS cells with the
alkylating agent
- reference_id: file:human/ASCC3/ASCC3-notes.md
supporting_text: ASCC3 is a large ATP-dependent SF2 helicase with two well-supported
functional contexts.
- term:
id: GO:0032790
label: ribosome disassembly
evidence_type: NAS
original_reference_id: PMID:32099016
qualifier: involved_in
review:
summary: Ribosome disassembly is directly supported by hRQT/ASCC biochemical and cell-based
studies.
action: ACCEPT
reason: ASCC3-containing ASCC/hRQT disassembles ubiquitinated collided ribosomes in an
ATP-dependent reaction, which is the mechanistic core of ASCC3 in RQC.
additional_reference_ids:
- PMID:32579943
- PMID:36302773
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:32579943
supporting_text: ASCC acts on ubiquitinated collided ribosomes to selectively disassemble the
lead ribosome
- reference_id: PMID:36302773
supporting_text: hRQT-driven splitting of ribosomes collided on endogenous XBP1u and poly(A)
staller mRNAs
- term:
id: GO:1990116
label: ribosome-associated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
evidence_type: NAS
original_reference_id: PMID:32099016
qualifier: involved_in
review:
summary: ASCC3 is upstream in ribosome-associated ubiquitin-dependent nascent-chain quality
control.
action: ACCEPT
reason: ASCC3/hRQT splits stalled, ubiquitinated ribosomes and thereby produces the
subunit/nascent-chain intermediates that enter RQC-associated ubiquitin-dependent protein
degradation. The term is broader than the immediate splitting event but is supported as the
pathway context.
additional_reference_ids:
- PMID:32099016
- PMID:32579943
- PMID:36302773
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:32099016
supporting_text: Ribosome stalling triggers the ribosome-associated quality control (RQC)
pathway
- reference_id: PMID:32579943
supporting_text: 60S-peptidyl-tRNAs are substrates for RQC factors that trigger nascent
polypeptide ubiquitination and degradation
- term:
id: GO:1990391
label: DNA repair complex
evidence_type: IPI
original_reference_id: PMID:29997253
qualifier: part_of
review:
summary: ASCC3 is a subunit of the ASCC DNA alkylation repair complex.
action: ACCEPT
reason: The ASCC1/ASCC2/ASCC3 complex is repeatedly supported in the alkylation repair
literature and is recruited with ALKBH3 to alkylation-induced nuclear foci.
additional_reference_ids:
- PMID:29144457
- PMID:29997253
- PMID:22055184
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:29997253
supporting_text: ASCC1 interacts with the ASCC complex through the ASCC3 helicase subunit
- reference_id: PMID:29144457
supporting_text: Endogenous ASCC3 formed nuclear foci upon treatment of U2OS cells with the
alkylating agent
- term:
id: GO:0016887
label: ATP hydrolysis activity
evidence_type: IDA
original_reference_id: PMID:32579943
qualifier: enables
review:
summary: ATP hydrolysis activity is directly tied to ASCC3 helicase-dependent DNA repair and
hRQT ribosome splitting.
action: ACCEPT
reason: ASCC3 is an ATP-dependent helicase; RQC studies show ASCC3 ATPase activity is required
for hRQT-mediated ribosome rescue, and DNA repair studies show ATP-dependent helicase activity
in ASCC3. This is an informative core MF annotation.
additional_reference_ids:
- PMID:32099016
- PMID:32579943
- PMID:36302773
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:32579943
supporting_text: This activity of ASCC3 is dependent on its ATP-dependent helicase activities
- reference_id: PMID:32099016
supporting_text: The ATPase activity of ASCC3 and the ubiquitin-binding activity of ASCC2 are
crucial for triggering
- term:
id: GO:0016887
label: ATP hydrolysis activity
evidence_type: IDA
original_reference_id: PMID:36302773
qualifier: enables
review:
summary: ATP hydrolysis activity is directly tied to ASCC3 helicase-dependent DNA repair and
hRQT ribosome splitting.
action: ACCEPT
reason: ASCC3 is an ATP-dependent helicase; RQC studies show ASCC3 ATPase activity is required
for hRQT-mediated ribosome rescue, and DNA repair studies show ATP-dependent helicase activity
in ASCC3. This is an informative core MF annotation.
additional_reference_ids:
- PMID:32099016
- PMID:32579943
- PMID:36302773
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:32579943
supporting_text: This activity of ASCC3 is dependent on its ATP-dependent helicase activities
- reference_id: PMID:32099016
supporting_text: The ATPase activity of ASCC3 and the ubiquitin-binding activity of ASCC2 are
crucial for triggering
- term:
id: GO:0022626
label: cytosolic ribosome
evidence_type: IDA
original_reference_id: PMID:36302773
qualifier: is_active_in
review:
summary: ASCC3 is active on cytosolic ribosomes during hRQT-mediated RQC initiation.
action: ACCEPT
reason: The RQC studies directly place ASCC3/hRQT on collided cytosolic ribosomes and show that
ASCC3 ATPase activity drives subunit dissociation.
additional_reference_ids:
- PMID:32579943
- PMID:36302773
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:32579943
supporting_text: ASCC acts on ubiquitinated collided ribosomes to selectively disassemble the
lead ribosome
- reference_id: PMID:36302773
supporting_text: the trimeric hRQT complex-mediated subunit dissociation
- reference_id: file:human/ASCC3/ASCC3-notes.md
supporting_text: 'Conservative decision: retain the exact ribosome-rescue/RQC annotations and do
not add a new ASCC3 annotation to `GO:0006515`.'
- term:
id: GO:0032790
label: ribosome disassembly
evidence_type: IDA
original_reference_id: PMID:32579943
qualifier: involved_in
review:
summary: Ribosome disassembly is directly supported by hRQT/ASCC biochemical and cell-based
studies.
action: ACCEPT
reason: ASCC3-containing ASCC/hRQT disassembles ubiquitinated collided ribosomes in an
ATP-dependent reaction, which is the mechanistic core of ASCC3 in RQC.
additional_reference_ids:
- PMID:32579943
- PMID:36302773
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:32579943
supporting_text: ASCC acts on ubiquitinated collided ribosomes to selectively disassemble the
lead ribosome
- reference_id: PMID:36302773
supporting_text: hRQT-driven splitting of ribosomes collided on endogenous XBP1u and poly(A)
staller mRNAs
- term:
id: GO:0032790
label: ribosome disassembly
evidence_type: IDA
original_reference_id: PMID:36302773
qualifier: involved_in
review:
summary: Ribosome disassembly is directly supported by hRQT/ASCC biochemical and cell-based
studies.
action: ACCEPT
reason: ASCC3-containing ASCC/hRQT disassembles ubiquitinated collided ribosomes in an
ATP-dependent reaction, which is the mechanistic core of ASCC3 in RQC.
additional_reference_ids:
- PMID:32579943
- PMID:36302773
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:32579943
supporting_text: ASCC acts on ubiquitinated collided ribosomes to selectively disassemble the
lead ribosome
- reference_id: PMID:36302773
supporting_text: hRQT-driven splitting of ribosomes collided on endogenous XBP1u and poly(A)
staller mRNAs
- term:
id: GO:0072344
label: rescue of stalled cytosolic ribosome
evidence_type: IDA
original_reference_id: PMID:32579943
qualifier: involved_in
review:
summary: Rescue of stalled cytosolic ribosomes is the PN-relevant core process for ASCC3/hRQT.
action: ACCEPT
reason: ASCC3 acts in the hRQT/RQC-trigger complex to split ubiquitinated collided ribosomes,
allowing downstream RQC. This exact GO term is the conservative PN projection target and is
already present in GOA.
additional_reference_ids:
- PMID:32099016
- PMID:32579943
- PMID:36302773
- Reactome:R-HSA-9948299
- Reactome:R-HSA-9948300
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:32579943
supporting_text: ASCC acts on ubiquitinated collided ribosomes to selectively disassemble the
lead ribosome
- reference_id: PMID:36302773
supporting_text: the trimeric hRQT complex-mediated subunit dissociation
- reference_id: file:human/ASCC3/ASCC3-notes.md
supporting_text: 'Conservative decision: retain the exact ribosome-rescue/RQC annotations and do
not add a new ASCC3 annotation to `GO:0006515`.'
- reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-9948300
supporting_text: splits stalled 80S K63-polyubiquitinated ribosomes into 60S subunits and
K63-polyubiquitinated 40S subunits
- term:
id: GO:0072344
label: rescue of stalled cytosolic ribosome
evidence_type: IDA
original_reference_id: PMID:36302773
qualifier: involved_in
review:
summary: Rescue of stalled cytosolic ribosomes is the PN-relevant core process for ASCC3/hRQT.
action: ACCEPT
reason: ASCC3 acts in the hRQT/RQC-trigger complex to split ubiquitinated collided ribosomes,
allowing downstream RQC. This exact GO term is the conservative PN projection target and is
already present in GOA.
additional_reference_ids:
- PMID:32099016
- PMID:32579943
- PMID:36302773
- Reactome:R-HSA-9948299
- Reactome:R-HSA-9948300
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:32579943
supporting_text: ASCC acts on ubiquitinated collided ribosomes to selectively disassemble the
lead ribosome
- reference_id: PMID:36302773
supporting_text: the trimeric hRQT complex-mediated subunit dissociation
- reference_id: file:human/ASCC3/ASCC3-notes.md
supporting_text: 'Conservative decision: retain the exact ribosome-rescue/RQC annotations and do
not add a new ASCC3 annotation to `GO:0006515`.'
- reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-9948300
supporting_text: splits stalled 80S K63-polyubiquitinated ribosomes into 60S subunits and
K63-polyubiquitinated 40S subunits
- term:
id: GO:0072344
label: rescue of stalled cytosolic ribosome
evidence_type: IMP
original_reference_id: PMID:32099016
qualifier: involved_in
review:
summary: Rescue of stalled cytosolic ribosomes is the PN-relevant core process for ASCC3/hRQT.
action: ACCEPT
reason: ASCC3 acts in the hRQT/RQC-trigger complex to split ubiquitinated collided ribosomes,
allowing downstream RQC. This exact GO term is the conservative PN projection target and is
already present in GOA.
additional_reference_ids:
- PMID:32099016
- PMID:32579943
- PMID:36302773
- Reactome:R-HSA-9948299
- Reactome:R-HSA-9948300
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:32579943
supporting_text: ASCC acts on ubiquitinated collided ribosomes to selectively disassemble the
lead ribosome
- reference_id: PMID:36302773
supporting_text: the trimeric hRQT complex-mediated subunit dissociation
- reference_id: file:human/ASCC3/ASCC3-notes.md
supporting_text: 'Conservative decision: retain the exact ribosome-rescue/RQC annotations and do
not add a new ASCC3 annotation to `GO:0006515`.'
- reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-9948300
supporting_text: splits stalled 80S K63-polyubiquitinated ribosomes into 60S subunits and
K63-polyubiquitinated 40S subunits
- term:
id: GO:1990116
label: ribosome-associated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
evidence_type: IMP
original_reference_id: PMID:32099016
qualifier: involved_in
review:
summary: ASCC3 is upstream in ribosome-associated ubiquitin-dependent nascent-chain quality
control.
action: ACCEPT
reason: ASCC3/hRQT splits stalled, ubiquitinated ribosomes and thereby produces the
subunit/nascent-chain intermediates that enter RQC-associated ubiquitin-dependent protein
degradation. The term is broader than the immediate splitting event but is supported as the
pathway context.
additional_reference_ids:
- PMID:32099016
- PMID:32579943
- PMID:36302773
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:32099016
supporting_text: Ribosome stalling triggers the ribosome-associated quality control (RQC)
pathway
- reference_id: PMID:32579943
supporting_text: 60S-peptidyl-tRNAs are substrates for RQC factors that trigger nascent
polypeptide ubiquitination and degradation
- term:
id: GO:0005829
label: cytosol
evidence_type: IDA
original_reference_id: PMID:28757607
qualifier: located_in
review:
summary: Cytosolic localization is supported by the ribosome-associated quality-control role.
action: ACCEPT
reason: ASCC3 acts on cytosolic collided ribosomes as part of hRQT. Cytosol annotations are
appropriate for the RQC arm of ASCC3, while nuclear annotations remain appropriate for the DNA
repair arm.
additional_reference_ids:
- PMID:32579943
- PMID:36302773
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:32579943
supporting_text: ASCC acts on ubiquitinated collided ribosomes to selectively disassemble the
lead ribosome
- reference_id: PMID:36302773
supporting_text: the trimeric hRQT complex-mediated subunit dissociation
- reference_id: file:human/ASCC3/ASCC3-notes.md
supporting_text: 'Conservative decision: retain the exact ribosome-rescue/RQC annotations and do
not add a new ASCC3 annotation to `GO:0006515`.'
- term:
id: GO:0180022
label: RQC-trigger complex
evidence_type: IDA
original_reference_id: PMID:12077347
qualifier: part_of
review:
summary: ASCC3 is a core subunit of the human RQC-trigger/hRQT complex.
action: ACCEPT
reason: The original ASC-1 complex paper supports ASCC3/p200 complex membership, and later RQC
papers establish the ASCC3-ASCC2-TRIP4 hRQT complex as the ribosome quality-control trigger.
The term is therefore biologically correct, even when the older original reference alone is
not sufficient for the modern RQC label.
additional_reference_ids:
- PMID:32099016
- PMID:32579943
- PMID:36302773
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:32099016
supporting_text: The hRQT complex is composed of ASCC3, ASCC2, and TRIP4
- reference_id: PMID:36302773
supporting_text: the trimeric hRQT complex-mediated subunit dissociation
- term:
id: GO:0005634
label: nucleus
evidence_type: IDA
original_reference_id: PMID:12077347
qualifier: located_in
review:
summary: Nuclear localization is well supported for the ASCC DNA alkylation repair role.
action: ACCEPT
reason: ASCC3 was originally purified from HeLa nuclei as an ASC-1 complex subunit and later
shown to form alkylation-induced nuclear foci with ALKBH3/ASCC repair machinery. This is a
core location for the DNA repair arm of ASCC3 biology.
additional_reference_ids:
- PMID:29144457
- PMID:12077347
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:29144457
supporting_text: Endogenous ASCC3 formed nuclear foci upon treatment of U2OS cells with the
alkylating agent
- reference_id: PMID:12077347
supporting_text: ASC-1 exists as a steady-state complex associated with three polypeptides,
P200, P100, and P50, in HeLa nuclei
- term:
id: GO:0005654
label: nucleoplasm
evidence_type: TAS
original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-112123
qualifier: located_in
review:
summary: Nucleoplasm annotations from Reactome ALKBH3 repair events are consistent with ASCC3
nuclear DNA repair function.
action: ACCEPT
reason: Reactome ALKBH3 dealkylation events correctly place the ASCC1:ASCC2:ASCC3 repair complex
in the nucleoplasm during alkylated DNA repair. This is compatible with direct nuclear foci
evidence.
additional_reference_ids:
- PMID:29144457
supported_by:
- reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-112123
supporting_text: The reversal of alkylating damage of dsDNA by ALKBH3 requires the presence of
DNA helicase ASCC3
- reference_id: PMID:29144457
supporting_text: Endogenous ASCC3 formed nuclear foci upon treatment of U2OS cells with the
alkylating agent
- term:
id: GO:0005654
label: nucleoplasm
evidence_type: TAS
original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-112124
qualifier: located_in
review:
summary: Nucleoplasm annotations from Reactome ALKBH3 repair events are consistent with ASCC3
nuclear DNA repair function.
action: ACCEPT
reason: Reactome ALKBH3 dealkylation events correctly place the ASCC1:ASCC2:ASCC3 repair complex
in the nucleoplasm during alkylated DNA repair. This is compatible with direct nuclear foci
evidence.
additional_reference_ids:
- PMID:29144457
supported_by:
- reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-112123
supporting_text: The reversal of alkylating damage of dsDNA by ALKBH3 requires the presence of
DNA helicase ASCC3
- reference_id: PMID:29144457
supporting_text: Endogenous ASCC3 formed nuclear foci upon treatment of U2OS cells with the
alkylating agent
- term:
id: GO:0005654
label: nucleoplasm
evidence_type: TAS
original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-112125
qualifier: located_in
review:
summary: Nucleoplasm annotations from Reactome ALKBH3 repair events are consistent with ASCC3
nuclear DNA repair function.
action: ACCEPT
reason: Reactome ALKBH3 dealkylation events correctly place the ASCC1:ASCC2:ASCC3 repair complex
in the nucleoplasm during alkylated DNA repair. This is compatible with direct nuclear foci
evidence.
additional_reference_ids:
- PMID:29144457
supported_by:
- reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-112123
supporting_text: The reversal of alkylating damage of dsDNA by ALKBH3 requires the presence of
DNA helicase ASCC3
- reference_id: PMID:29144457
supporting_text: Endogenous ASCC3 formed nuclear foci upon treatment of U2OS cells with the
alkylating agent
- term:
id: GO:0005654
label: nucleoplasm
evidence_type: TAS
original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-5657617
qualifier: located_in
review:
summary: Nucleoplasm annotations from Reactome ALKBH3 repair events are consistent with ASCC3
nuclear DNA repair function.
action: ACCEPT
reason: Reactome ALKBH3 dealkylation events correctly place the ASCC1:ASCC2:ASCC3 repair complex
in the nucleoplasm during alkylated DNA repair. This is compatible with direct nuclear foci
evidence.
additional_reference_ids:
- PMID:29144457
supported_by:
- reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-112123
supporting_text: The reversal of alkylating damage of dsDNA by ALKBH3 requires the presence of
DNA helicase ASCC3
- reference_id: PMID:29144457
supporting_text: Endogenous ASCC3 formed nuclear foci upon treatment of U2OS cells with the
alkylating agent
- term:
id: GO:0005654
label: nucleoplasm
evidence_type: TAS
original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-5657637
qualifier: located_in
review:
summary: Nucleoplasm annotations from Reactome ALKBH3 repair events are consistent with ASCC3
nuclear DNA repair function.
action: ACCEPT
reason: Reactome ALKBH3 dealkylation events correctly place the ASCC1:ASCC2:ASCC3 repair complex
in the nucleoplasm during alkylated DNA repair. This is compatible with direct nuclear foci
evidence.
additional_reference_ids:
- PMID:29144457
supported_by:
- reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-112123
supporting_text: The reversal of alkylating damage of dsDNA by ALKBH3 requires the presence of
DNA helicase ASCC3
- reference_id: PMID:29144457
supporting_text: Endogenous ASCC3 formed nuclear foci upon treatment of U2OS cells with the
alkylating agent
- term:
id: GO:0005654
label: nucleoplasm
evidence_type: TAS
original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-5657642
qualifier: located_in
review:
summary: Nucleoplasm annotations from Reactome ALKBH3 repair events are consistent with ASCC3
nuclear DNA repair function.
action: ACCEPT
reason: Reactome ALKBH3 dealkylation events correctly place the ASCC1:ASCC2:ASCC3 repair complex
in the nucleoplasm during alkylated DNA repair. This is compatible with direct nuclear foci
evidence.
additional_reference_ids:
- PMID:29144457
supported_by:
- reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-112123
supporting_text: The reversal of alkylating damage of dsDNA by ALKBH3 requires the presence of
DNA helicase ASCC3
- reference_id: PMID:29144457
supporting_text: Endogenous ASCC3 formed nuclear foci upon treatment of U2OS cells with the
alkylating agent
- term:
id: GO:0016020
label: membrane
evidence_type: HDA
original_reference_id: PMID:19946888
qualifier: located_in
review:
summary: The high-throughput membrane localization is not consistent with the curated ASCC3
functional picture.
action: REMOVE
reason: ASCC3 is a soluble nuclear/cytosolic helicase in ASCC and hRQT complexes and lacks a
compelling membrane-associated core role. The membrane-proteome HDA row is likely a peripheral
or proteomics-carryover signal and should not be retained.
supported_by:
- reference_id: file:human/ASCC3/ASCC3-notes.md
supporting_text: 'Remove the high-throughput `membrane` localization: ASCC3 is a soluble nuclear/cytosolic
protein with no transmembrane-domain basis'
- term:
id: GO:0003723
label: RNA binding
evidence_type: HDA
original_reference_id: PMID:22681889
qualifier: enables
review:
summary: RNA binding is plausible for ASCC3 but is less specific than its characterized
helicase/RQT roles.
action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
reason: ASCC3 contacts nucleic acids in both the DNA repair and ribosome-rescue settings, and
purified ASCC3 can bind ssRNA in vitro, but RNA binding alone does not capture the core
ATP-dependent activities. Keep the annotation as contextual rather than using it as the main
MF.
additional_reference_ids:
- PMID:29144457
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:29144457
supporting_text: Purified ASCC3 bound to ssRNA in vitro
- term:
id: GO:0005515
label: protein binding
evidence_type: IPI
original_reference_id: PMID:22055184
qualifier: enables
review:
summary: The interaction evidence is real but generic protein binding is not an informative
ASCC3 molecular-function annotation.
action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
reason: These rows reflect physical associations from targeted or large-scale interaction data.
They are useful as support for ASCC/ALKBH3/hRQT complex biology when specific partners are
considered, but the generic GO protein binding term should not be retained as a core MF for
ASCC3.
supported_by:
- reference_id: file:human/ASCC3/ASCC3-notes.md
supporting_text: Treat generic binding annotations conservatively. `protein binding` rows are
interaction evidence but not informative molecular-function curation.
- term:
id: GO:0005634
label: nucleus
evidence_type: TAS
original_reference_id: PMID:22055184
qualifier: located_in
review:
summary: Nuclear localization is well supported for the ASCC DNA alkylation repair role.
action: ACCEPT
reason: ASCC3 was originally purified from HeLa nuclei as an ASC-1 complex subunit and later
shown to form alkylation-induced nuclear foci with ALKBH3/ASCC repair machinery. This is a
core location for the DNA repair arm of ASCC3 biology.
additional_reference_ids:
- PMID:29144457
- PMID:12077347
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:29144457
supporting_text: Endogenous ASCC3 formed nuclear foci upon treatment of U2OS cells with the
alkylating agent
- reference_id: PMID:12077347
supporting_text: ASC-1 exists as a steady-state complex associated with three polypeptides,
P200, P100, and P50, in HeLa nuclei
- term:
id: GO:0006307
label: DNA alkylation repair
evidence_type: IDA
original_reference_id: PMID:22055184
qualifier: involved_in
review:
summary: DNA alkylation repair is a directly supported core ASCC3 function.
action: ACCEPT
reason: ASCC3 unwinds alkylated duplex DNA and supports ALKBH3-dependent DNA dealkylation
repair. Later studies show alkylation-specific nuclear recruitment of the ASCC repair complex.
additional_reference_ids:
- PMID:22055184
- PMID:29144457
- PMID:29997253
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:22055184
supporting_text: ASCC3 unwinds DNA to generate the single-stranded substrate needed for
ALKBH3-mediated DNA repair
- reference_id: PMID:29144457
supporting_text: Endogenous ASCC3 formed nuclear foci upon treatment of U2OS cells with the
alkylating agent
- reference_id: file:human/ASCC3/ASCC3-notes.md
supporting_text: ASCC3 is a large ATP-dependent SF2 helicase with two well-supported
functional contexts.
- term:
id: GO:0043138
label: 3'-5' DNA helicase activity
evidence_type: IDA
original_reference_id: PMID:22055184
qualifier: enables
review:
summary: ASCC3 3'-5' DNA helicase activity is directly supported and central to ALKBH3-coupled
dealkylation repair.
action: ACCEPT
reason: The ALKBH3-ASCC paper demonstrates that ASCC3 unwinds duplex DNA to produce the
single-stranded substrate preferred by ALKBH3. This is the most specific molecular-function
term for the nuclear DNA repair activity.
additional_reference_ids:
- PMID:22055184
- PMID:29144457
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:22055184
supporting_text: ASCC3 unwinds DNA to generate the single-stranded substrate needed for
ALKBH3-mediated DNA repair
- reference_id: PMID:29144457
supporting_text: Endogenous ASCC3 formed nuclear foci upon treatment of U2OS cells with the
alkylating agent
- reference_id: file:human/ASCC3/ASCC3-notes.md
supporting_text: ASCC3 is a large ATP-dependent SF2 helicase with two well-supported
functional contexts.
core_functions:
- description: ASCC3 is the catalytic 3'-5' DNA helicase of the nuclear ASCC-ALKBH3 dealkylation
repair complex. It unwinds alkylated duplex DNA to expose single-stranded substrates for ALKBH3
and is recruited to alkylation-induced nuclear foci.
molecular_function:
id: GO:0043138
label: 3'-5' DNA helicase activity
directly_involved_in:
- id: GO:0006307
label: DNA alkylation repair
locations:
- id: GO:0005634
label: nucleus
- id: GO:0005654
label: nucleoplasm
- id: GO:0016607
label: nuclear speck
in_complex:
id: GO:1990391
label: DNA repair complex
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:22055184
supporting_text: ASCC3 unwinds DNA to generate the single-stranded substrate needed for
ALKBH3-mediated DNA repair
- reference_id: PMID:29144457
supporting_text: Endogenous ASCC3 formed nuclear foci upon treatment of U2OS cells with the
alkylating agent
- reference_id: file:human/ASCC3/ASCC3-notes.md
supporting_text: ASCC3 is a large ATP-dependent SF2 helicase with two well-supported functional
contexts.
- reference_id: PMID:29997253
supporting_text: ASCC1 interacts with the ASCC complex through the ASCC3 helicase subunit
- description: ASCC3/RQT2 is the ATPase subunit of the cytosolic hRQT/RQC-trigger complex. Together
with ASCC2 and TRIP4, it acts on K63-ubiquitinated collided ribosomes and promotes ribosomal
subunit dissociation, enabling downstream ribosome-associated quality control of stalled nascent
chains.
molecular_function:
id: GO:0016887
label: ATP hydrolysis activity
directly_involved_in:
- id: GO:0032790
label: ribosome disassembly
- id: GO:0072344
label: rescue of stalled cytosolic ribosome
- id: GO:1990116
label: ribosome-associated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
locations:
- id: GO:0005829
label: cytosol
- id: GO:0022626
label: cytosolic ribosome
in_complex:
id: GO:0180022
label: RQC-trigger complex
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:32579943
supporting_text: ASCC acts on ubiquitinated collided ribosomes to selectively disassemble the
lead ribosome
- reference_id: PMID:36302773
supporting_text: the trimeric hRQT complex-mediated subunit dissociation
- reference_id: file:human/ASCC3/ASCC3-notes.md
supporting_text: 'Conservative decision: retain the exact ribosome-rescue/RQC annotations and do not
add a new ASCC3 annotation to `GO:0006515`.'
- reference_id: PMID:32099016
supporting_text: The hRQT complex is composed of ASCC3, ASCC2, and TRIP4
proposed_new_terms: []
suggested_questions:
- question: Should PN ribosome-associated QC mappings continue to project the broad GO:0006515 term
to genes like ASCC3 when more specific ribosome-rescue and RQC catabolic-process terms are
already present?
- question: Which endogenous mammalian stall substrates, beyond XBP1u and poly(A)-based reporters,
depend most strongly on ASCC3/hRQT for ribosome rescue?
- question: Can ASCC3 disease-associated variants be separated into nuclear DNA-repair defects,
cytosolic RQC defects, or combined helicase-loss mechanisms?
- question: Does the ASCC3/ASC-1 complex role in promoting translation initiation by scanning
ribosomes at 5'-UTRs (Kito et al. 2023) warrant a distinct molecular-function or
biological-process annotation separate from its collided-ribosome rescue activity?
- question: Are the neurodevelopmental/neuromuscular phenotypes of biallelic ASCC3 loss-of-function
variants driven primarily by impaired ribosome-associated quality control, impaired DNA
alkylation repair, impaired translation initiation, or a combination?
- question: Is the reported STAT3/CAND1-stabilizing, interferon-dampening activity of ASCC3 in NSCLC
a direct helicase-dependent function or an indirect consequence of altered proteostasis or
translation, and should it be curated as a molecular function?
suggested_experiments:
- description: Use acute ASCC3 depletion or degron tagging with wild-type and ATPase-dead rescue
constructs, then quantify endogenous collided-ribosome clearance by disome profiling and
nascent-chain ubiquitination/degradation assays.
experiment_type: cell biology and ribosome profiling
hypothesis: ASCC3 ATPase activity is required for clearance of endogenous mammalian collided
ribosomes, not only engineered stalling reporters.
- description: Engineer complex-selective ASCC3 separation-of-function variants or
localization-restricted rescue constructs to compare MMS-induced ALKBH3 repair foci with
hRQT-mediated poly(A)/XBP1u ribosome rescue.
experiment_type: separation-of-function rescue
hypothesis: The nuclear dealkylation repair and cytosolic hRQT roles can be genetically decoupled.
- description: Test ASCC3 patient variants in parallel assays for ALKBH3-dependent alkylation damage
resistance and hRQT-dependent stalled-ribosome splitting.
experiment_type: variant functional assay
hypothesis: Some ASCC3 variants impair one functional context more strongly than the other.