High-Value CAUTION Review Candidates (not yet in repo)

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• Local accessions already fetched: 2646
• High-value, not-yet-fetched candidates: 4046

degenerate-domain (1342)

Top organisms: Arabidopsis thaliana (Mouse-ear cress) (235), Homo sapiens (Human) (95), Mus musculus (Mouse) (82), Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (39), Oryza sativa subsp. japonica (Rice) (39)

Human examples:

• ABCF3 (Q9NUQ8): Lacks transmembrane domains and is probably not involved in transport. {ECO:0000305}.
• ADAMTSL1 (Q8N6G6): Although strongly similar to members of the ADAMTS family it lacks the metalloprotease and disintegrin-like domains which are typi
• ADAMTSL2 (Q86TH1): Although strongly similar to members of the ADAMTS family it lacks the metalloprotease and disintegrin-like domains which are typi
• ADAMTSL3 (P82987): Although strongly similar to members of the ADAMTS family it lacks the metalloprotease and disintegrin-like domains which are typi
• ADAMTSL5 (Q6ZMM2): Although strongly similar to members of the ADAMTS family it lacks the metalloprotease and disintegrin-like domains which are typi
• ADARB2 (Q9NS39): Although it is similar to the double-stranded RNA adenosine deaminases ADAR/ADAR1 and ADARB1/ADAR2 and capable of binding RNA, it
• ADGB (Q8N7X0): The calpain domain lacks the conserved active site residues. Probably catalytically inactive as a calcium-dependent cysteine-type
• ADPRHL1 (Q8NDY3): Although it belongs to the ADP-ribosylglycohydrolase family, lacks the metal-binding and substrate-binding residues, suggesting th
• AEBP1 (Q8IUX7): Although related to peptidase M14 family, lacks the active site residues and zinc-binding sites, suggesting that it has no carboxy
• ANKIB1 (Q9P2G1): Lacks one Cys residue in the IBR-type zinc finger domain that is one of the conserved features of the family. {ECO:0000305}.
• ARL13B (Q3SXY8): Was initially thought to form a homodimer (PubMed:18554500). However, 3D structure of C.reinhardtii ortholog showed that it is pro
• ASAH2B (P0C7U1): In contrast to other members of the family, ASAH2B has no predicted transmembrane domain, and lacks the active site, suggesting th
• CA8 (P35219): Although it belongs to the alpha-carbonic anhydrase family, Arg-116 is present instead of the conserved His which is a zinc-bindin
• CES1P1 (Q9UKY3): In contrast to other members of the family, it is shorter and lacks the C-terminal part that contains the conserved Glu and His ac
• CHI3L1 (P36222): Although it belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 18 family, Leu-140 is present instead of the conserved Glu which is an active site r
• CHI3L2 (Q15782): Lacks the conserved sequence motif DxxDxDxE that is essential for the catalytic activity of chitinases of the glycosyl hydrolase 1
• CMAHP (Q9Y471): An Alu-mediated mutation of this gene occured in a common ancestor of Homo sapiens and Homo sapiens neanderthalis, approximately 2
• COPS6 (Q7L5N1): Although related to the peptidase M67A family, it lacks the JAMM motif that probably constitutes the catalytic center and therefor
• CPXM2 (Q8N436): Although related to peptidase M14 family, lacks the active site residues and zinc-binding sites, suggesting that it has no carboxy
• CRMP1 (Q14194): Lacks most of the conserved residues that are essential for binding the metal cofactor and hence for dihydropyrimidinase activity.

retracted-reference (255)

Top organisms: Homo sapiens (Human) (108), Mus musculus (Mouse) (46), Arabidopsis thaliana (Mouse-ear cress) (34), Rattus norvegicus (Rat) (11), Zea mays (Maize) (7)

Human examples:

• ABCD1 (P33897): Variants Trp-88, Cys-152, Cys-181, Ser-343, Pro-503, Arg-514 and His-554 have original been associated with ALD. However this pape
• ADAMTS12 (P58397): Was reported to be expressed in adult skeletal muscle and fat, in fetal lung, and in gastric carcinomas and cancer cells of divers
• AMZ1 (Q400G9): An article reported the identification and characterization of this protein as zinc metalloprotease in different tissues; however,
• AMZ2 (Q86W34): An article reported the identification and characterization of this protein as zinc metalloprotease in different tissues; however,
• ANGPTL8 (Q6UXH0): Initially reported to specifically promote pancreatic beta cell proliferation without insulin resistance and to promote beta cell
• AOPEP (Q8N6M6): A paper describing the function, enzyme activity and expression patterns of this protein has been retracted due to concerns of ima
• APOA2 (P02652): A paper describing the crystal structure of this protein has been retracted due to evidence of fabricated data (see also US Office
• AR (P10275): Had previously been shown to interact with PELP1. However this paper was retracted as cell-based data was viewed as unreliable. {E
• ASXL1 (Q8IXJ9): Was previously reported to interact with KDM1A, CBX1, CBX3 and CBX5. However, this publication has been retracted. {ECO:0000305|Pu
• ATG4A (Q8WYN0): A paper describing ATG4D tissue expression has been retracted, due to concerns of image duplication in some of the figures. {ECO:0
• ATG4B (Q9Y4P1): A paper describing ATG4B tissue expression has been retracted, due to concerns of image duplication in some of the figures. {ECO:0
• ATG4C (Q96DT6): A paper describing ATG4C tissue expression and activity has been retracted, due to concerns of image duplication in some of the fi
• BAZ1B (Q9UIG0): Was shown to interact with VDR and with acetylated histones via its Bromo domain, but this work has later been retracted. {ECO:000
• BLOC1S6 (Q9UL45): A paper showing involvement in Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome 9 was retracted due to image duplication. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:21665000, E
• CALY (Q9NYX4): Was originally thought to interact with the D1 dopamine receptor (DRD1) and to play a role in potentiating calcium ion-dependent s
• CAMK2N1 (Q7Z7J9): There was previous evidence showing expression across a broad range of tissues. However this paper was retracted as immunoblot dat
• CBX1 (P83916): Was previously reported to interact with ASXL1. However, this publication has been retracted. {ECO:0000305|PubMed:19880879, ECO:00
• CBX3 (Q13185): Was previously reported to interact with ASXL1. However, this publication has been retracted. {ECO:0000305|PubMed:19880879, ECO:00
• CBX5 (P45973): Was previously reported to interact with ASXL1. However, this publication has been retracted. {ECO:0000305|PubMed:19880879, ECO:00
• CCNL2 (Q96S94): The article reporting the nucleotide sequence of isoforms 1 and 2 with PMID:14684736 was retracted due to suspected data duplicati

reclassified-function (2401)

Top organisms: Homo sapiens (Human) (228), Mus musculus (Mouse) (128), Escherichia coli (strain K12) (114), Arabidopsis thaliana (Mouse-ear cress) (76), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c) (Baker's yeast) (72)

Human examples:

• ABCG2 (Q9UNQ0): Was originally proposed to function as a glutathione transporter (PubMed:20332504). However, some evidences suggest it is not the
• ABHD12 (Q8N2K0): A family suffering from Polyneuropathy, hearing loss, ataxia, retinitis pigmentosa, and cataract (PHARC) was initially clinically
• ACKR3 (P25106): Was originally thought to be the receptor for VIP. {ECO:0000305|PubMed:1675791}.
• ACKR5 (O15218): Was originally thought to be a receptor for adrenomedullin (PubMed:9367907). However, this function was later not confirmed (PubMe
• ACOT2 (P49753): Was originally (PubMed:10944470) thought to be peroxisomal but was later shown (PubMed:16940157) to be mitochondrial. {ECO:0000305
• AGBL2 (Q5U5Z8): Was initially shown to catalyze the removal of carboxy-terminus tyrosine from alpha-tubulin (PubMed:21303978). However, later stud
• AKAP17A (Q02040): Was originally thought to be a cell surface protein involved in B-cell activation. {ECO:0000305|PubMed:1438229}.
• ALB (P02768): A peptide arising from positions 166 to 174 was originally (PubMed:3087352, PubMed:2437111) termed neurotensin-related peptide (NR
• ALKBH7 (Q9BT30): Was initially reported to localize both in cytoplasm and nucleus (PubMed:17979886). However, it was later shown it localizes in mi
• ALPK1 (Q96QP1): D-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose 1,7-bisphosphate (HBP) was initially thought to constitute the bacterial pathogen-associated molecu
• AOX1 (Q06278): Was originally thought to be a xanthine dehydrogenase. {ECO:0000305|PubMed:8248161}.
• ARF4 (P18085): Was originally thought to be ARF2. {ECO:0000305}.
• ARFGAP3 (Q9NP61): Was originally termed ARFGAP1. {ECO:0000305|PubMed:10704287}.
• ARHGAP20 (Q9P2F6): The translocation involving this gene was originally published as t(X;11)(q13;23), but BRWD3 is localized to Xq21 and not to Xq13.
• ASB14 (A6NK59): Was originally derived from a readthrough transcript including ASB14 and DNAH12. {ECO:0000305}.
• ATRN (O75882): Was originally (PubMed:7539799, PubMed:9736737) thought to have dipeptidase activity but it was shown later to lack that activity.
• ATXN8OS (P0DMR3): Product of a dubious CDS prediction. Translation must be initiated from a non-canonical GUG codon (PubMed:24040107). Overlaps with
• AZIN2 (Q96A70): Was initially reported to have ornithine decarboxylase (PubMed:11587527) or arginine decarboxylase (PubMed:14738999) activities, b
• B4GAT1 (O43505): Was initially characterized as a beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase involved in the synthesis of poly-N-acetyllactosamine, a
• BKGD (Q9H0W9): Was originally thought to be an ester hydrolase (PubMed:16522806). However, has since been shown to be a 3-dehydro-L-gulonate deca

possible-artifact (48)

Top organisms: Homo sapiens (Human) (7), Bacillus subtilis (strain 168) (4), Escherichia coli (strain K12) (4), Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (3), Oldenlandia affinis (Blue diamond flower) (Hedyotis affinis) (3)

Human examples:

• C3 (P01024): An article reported the interaction surface between C3 and CR2 (PubMed:11387479). According to a another paper, it is however an a
• COL25A1 (Q9BXS0): The pyrrolidone carboxylic acid reported in PubMed:11927537 probably formed artifactually from Glu-113 during the extraction proce
• GJA1 (P17302): PubMed:7715640 reported a mutation Pro-364 linked to congenital heart diseases. PubMed:8873667 later shown that it is an artifact.
• HBB (P68871): The modification form of Leu-142 is subject of controversy and could be the artifactual result of sample handling. {ECO:0000305|Pu
• HBG1 (P69891): The modification form of Leu-142 is subject of controversy and could be the artifactual result of sample handling. {ECO:0000305|Pu
• NOX1 (Q9Y5S8): An isoform named NOH-1S resulting from alternative splicing was first described as a voltage-gated proton channel that mediates th
• PPP1R13L (Q8WUF5): An alternative product iASPP(RAI) has been described (PubMed:10336463, PubMed:15489900). However, it is not detected in vivo and i